Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2022435477', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9236(95)90168-x', 'title': 'Differentiation of absorption and first-pass gut and hepatic metabolism in humans: Studies with cyclosporine*', 'display_name': 'Differentiation of absorption and first-pass gut and hepatic metabolism in humans: Studies with cyclosporine*', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2022435477', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9236(95)90168-x', 'mag': '2022435477', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7586942'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9236(95)90168-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S159852663', 'display_name': 'Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics', 'issn_l': '0009-9236', 'issn': ['0009-9236', '1085-8733', '1532-6535'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110636492', 'display_name': 'Chi-Yuan Wu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chi-Yuan Wu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075960682', 'display_name': 'Leslie Z. Benet', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-2371'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Leslie Z. Benet', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071708181', 'display_name': 'Mary F. Hébert', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-8189'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mary F. Hebert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101767697', 'display_name': 'Suneel Gupta', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7813-9940'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Suneel K. Gupta', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110588033', 'display_name': 'Malcolm Rowland', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Malcolm Rowland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016559463', 'display_name': 'Denise Y. Gomez', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Denise Y. Gomez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071897628', 'display_name': 'Vincent J. Wacher', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vincent J. Wacher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ALZA Corporation Palo Alto Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'AvMax, Inc. Menlo Park Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of Manchester Manchester England', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco Calif. USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4000, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4000, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 25.461, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 342, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999795, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '58', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '492', 'last_page': '497'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12229', 'display_name': 'Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2735', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12229', 'display_name': 'Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2735', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10373', 'display_name': 'Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2747', 'display_name': 'Transplantation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13768', 'display_name': 'Oral and gingival health research', 'score': 0.992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3611', 'display_name': 'Pharmacy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181389837', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809', 'display_name': 'Bioavailability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9440669}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125287762', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948', 'display_name': 'Absorption (acoustics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67338085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112705442', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936', 'display_name': 'Pharmacokinetics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5903251}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5856877}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62231903', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057', 'display_name': 'Metabolism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5786598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201253974', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330121', 'display_name': 'First pass effect', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5461761}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780035454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386', 'display_name': 'Drug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47784182}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89311334', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124842', 'display_name': 'Drug metabolism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46190482}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780091579', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377', 'display_name': 'Kidney', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4235791}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38538235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3612928}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32195032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016572', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclosporine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000493', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacokinetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007166', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000493', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacokinetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000284', 'descriptor_name': 'Administration, Oral', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001682', 'descriptor_name': 'Biological Availability', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016572', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclosporine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016572', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclosporine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004347', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Interactions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004917', 'descriptor_name': 'Erythromycin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004917', 'descriptor_name': 'Erythromycin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007166', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007166', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007275', 'descriptor_name': 'Injections, Intravenous', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007408', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestinal Absorption', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007408', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestinal Absorption', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007413', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007413', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007654', 'descriptor_name': 'Ketoconazole', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007654', 'descriptor_name': 'Ketoconazole', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016030', 'descriptor_name': 'Kidney Transplantation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011500', 'descriptor_name': 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011500', 'descriptor_name': 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012293', 'descriptor_name': 'Rifampin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012293', 'descriptor_name': 'Rifampin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9236(95)90168-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S159852663', 'display_name': 'Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics', 'issn_l': '0009-9236', 'issn': ['0009-9236', '1085-8733', '1532-6535'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7586942', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.59, 'display_name': 'No poverty', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 9, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1978470492', 'https://openalex.org/W1979732900', 'https://openalex.org/W1985401155', 'https://openalex.org/W2022713088', 'https://openalex.org/W2028293443', 'https://openalex.org/W2036370392', 'https://openalex.org/W2057973611', 'https://openalex.org/W2059588998', 'https://openalex.org/W2080921068'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3093449642', 'https://openalex.org/W2278836224', 'https://openalex.org/W2207332422', 'https://openalex.org/W2150281721', 'https://openalex.org/W2067302129', 'https://openalex.org/W2067043228', 'https://openalex.org/W2037803563', 'https://openalex.org/W2011645684', 'https://openalex.org/W1982791610', 'https://openalex.org/W118206182'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Clinical': [0, 301, 646, 948], 'Pharmacology': [1, 302, 647, 949], '&': [2, 950], 'TherapeuticsVolume': [3], '58,': [4, 953], 'Issue': [5], '5': [6], 'p.': [7], '492-497': [8, 961], 'Pharmacokinetics': [9], 'and': [10, 16, 19, 303, 648, 742, 746, 758, 765, 784, 796, 825, 834, 836, 877, 903], 'Drug': [11], 'Disposition': [12], 'Differentiation': [13], 'of': [14, 34, 37, 50, 53, 79, 82, 95, 98, 112, 117, 137, 140, 153, 156, 180, 183, 196, 199, 221, 224, 237, 240, 264, 267, 280, 283, 296, 315, 318, 337, 340, 353, 356, 379, 382, 395, 398, 424, 427, 440, 443, 457, 462, 482, 485, 498, 501, 525, 528, 541, 544, 566, 569, 582, 585, 609, 612, 625, 628, 641, 660, 663, 682, 685, 698, 701, 744, 754, 767, 778, 799, 844, 857, 915, 917, 942], 'absorption': [15, 833, 861, 906], 'first-pass': [17, 814], 'gut': [18, 896], 'hepatic': [20, 837, 901], 'metabolism': [21, 815, 838], 'in': [22, 849, 854, 874, 881, 894, 927, 939], 'humans:': [23], 'Studies': [24], 'with': [25, 781, 912], 'cyclosporine': [26, 800, 841, 860, 893, 905], 'Chi-Yuan': [27, 30, 372, 375], 'Wu': [28, 31, 373, 376], 'MS,': [29, 374], 'MS': [32, 377], 'Department': [33, 49, 78, 94, 111, 136, 152, 179, 195, 220, 236, 263, 279, 336, 352, 378, 394, 423, 439, 456, 481, 497, 524, 540, 565, 581, 608, 624, 681, 697], 'Pharmacy,': [35, 51, 80, 96, 113, 138, 154, 181, 197, 222, 238, 265, 281, 338, 354, 380, 396, 425, 441, 458, 483, 499, 526, 542, 567, 583, 610, 626, 683, 699], 'University': [36, 52, 81, 97, 116, 139, 155, 182, 198, 223, 239, 266, 282, 317, 339, 355, 381, 397, 426, 442, 461, 484, 500, 527, 543, 568, 584, 611, 627, 662, 684, 700], 'California,': [38, 83, 118, 141, 184, 225, 268, 319, 341, 383, 428, 463, 486, 529, 570, 613, 664, 686], 'San': [39, 84, 119, 142, 185, 226, 269, 342, 384, 429, 464, 487, 530, 571, 614, 687], 'Francisco,': [40, 85, 120, 143, 186, 227, 270, 343, 385, 430, 465, 488, 531, 572, 615, 688], 'Calif.,': [41, 47, 61, 86, 92, 106, 144, 150, 164, 187, 193, 207, 228, 234, 248, 271, 277, 291, 344, 350, 364, 386, 392, 406, 431, 437, 451, 489, 495, 509, 532, 538, 552, 573, 579, 593, 616, 622, 636, 689, 695, 709], 'USA': [42, 48, 87, 93, 145, 151, 188, 194, 229, 235, 272, 278, 345, 351, 387, 393, 432, 438, 490, 496, 533, 539, 574, 580, 617, 623, 690, 696], 'ALZA': [43, 88, 146, 189, 230, 273, 346, 388, 433, 491, 534, 575, 618, 691], 'Corporation,': [44, 89, 147, 190, 231, 274, 347, 389, 434, 492, 535, 576, 619, 692], 'Palo': [45, 90, 148, 191, 232, 275, 348, 390, 435, 493, 536, 577, 620, 693], 'Alto,': [46, 91, 149, 192, 233, 276, 349, 391, 436, 494, 537, 578, 621, 694], 'Manchester,': [54, 55, 99, 100, 157, 158, 200, 201, 241, 242, 284, 285, 357, 358, 399, 400, 444, 445, 502, 503, 545, 546, 586, 587, 629, 630, 702, 703], 'England': [56, 101, 159, 202, 243, 286, 359, 401, 446, 504, 547, 588, 631, 704], 'AvMax,': [57, 102, 160, 203, 244, 287, 360, 402, 447, 505, 548, 589, 632, 705], 'Inc.,': [58, 103, 161, 204, 245, 288, 361, 403, 448, 506, 549, 590, 633, 706], 'Menlo': [59, 104, 162, 205, 246, 289, 362, 404, 449, 507, 550, 591, 634, 707], 'Park,': [60, 105, 163, 206, 247, 290, 363, 405, 450, 508, 551, 592, 635, 708], 'USASearch': [62, 165, 208, 249, 365, 407, 510, 553, 594, 710], 'for': [63, 123, 166, 209, 250, 300, 323, 366, 408, 468, 511, 554, 595, 645, 668, 711, 892, 945], 'more': [64, 124, 167, 210, 251, 324, 367, 409, 469, 512, 555, 596, 669, 712], 'papers': [65, 125, 168, 211, 252, 325, 368, 410, 470, 513, 556, 597, 670, 713], 'by': [66, 126, 169, 212, 253, 326, 369, 411, 471, 514, 557, 598, 671, 714], 'this': [67, 127, 170, 213, 254, 327, 370, 412, 472, 515, 558, 599, 672, 715, 779], 'authorLeslie': [68, 413], 'Z.': [69, 75, 108, 414, 420, 453], 'Benet': [70, 76, 415, 421], 'PhD,': [71, 110, 174, 216, 331, 416, 455, 519, 561, 676], 'Corresponding': [72, 417], 'Author': [73, 418], 'Leslie': [74, 419], 'PhD': [77, 178, 219, 335, 422, 523, 564, 680], 'USALeslie': [107, 452], 'Benet,': [109, 454], 'Box': [114, 459], '0446,': [115, 460], 'CA': [121, 321, 466, 666], '94143-0446.Search': [122, 467], 'authorMary': [128, 473], 'F.': [129, 133, 474, 478], 'Hebert': [130, 134, 475, 479], 'PharmD,': [131, 258, 476, 603], 'Mary': [132, 477], 'PharmD': [135, 262, 480, 607], 'authorSuneel': [171, 516], 'K.': [172, 176, 517, 521], 'Gupta': [173, 177, 518, 522], 'Suneel': [175, 520], 'authorMalcolm': [214, 559], 'Rowland': [215, 218, 560, 563], 'Malcolm': [217, 562], 'authorDenise': [255, 600], 'Y.': [256, 260, 601, 605], 'Gomez': [257, 261, 602, 606], 'Denise': [259, 604], 'USAPresidential': [292, 637], 'Trainee': [293, 638], 'Award,': [294, 639], 'meeting': [295, 640], 'the': [297, 642, 760, 770, 829, 855, 889, 895, 900, 918, 940], 'American': [298, 643], 'Society': [299, 644], 'Therapeutics,': [304, 649], 'March': [305, 650], '30–April': [306, 651], '1,': [307, 652], '1994,': [308, 653], 'New': [309, 654], 'Orleans,': [310, 655], 'La.': [311, 656], 'Present': [312, 657], 'address:': [313, 658], 'College': [314, 659], 'Medicine,': [316, 661], 'Irvine,': [320, 665], '92717.Search': [322, 667], 'authorVincent': [328, 673], 'J.': [329, 333, 674, 678], 'Wacher': [330, 334, 675, 679], 'Vincent': [332, 677], 'author': [371, 716], 'First': [717], 'published:': [718], '01': [719], 'November': [720], '1995': [721], 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9236(95)90168-XCitations:': [722], '73': [723], 'AboutPDF': [724], 'ToolsRequest': [725], 'permissionExport': [726], 'citationAdd': [727], 'to': [728, 750, 773, 804, 827, 839], 'favoritesTrack': [729], 'citation': [730], 'ShareShare': [731], 'Give': [732], 'accessShare': [733, 736], 'full': [734], 'text': [735], 'full-text': [737, 752, 776], 'accessPlease': [738], 'review': [739], 'our': [740, 850], 'Terms': [741, 764], 'Conditions': [743, 766], 'Use': [745], 'check': [747], 'box': [748], 'below': [749, 772], 'share': [751, 774], 'version': [753, 777], 'article.I': [755], 'have': [756, 810, 936], 'read': [757], 'accept': [759], 'Wiley': [761], 'Online': [762], 'Library': [763], 'UseShareable': [768], 'LinkUse': [769], 'link': [771], 'a': [775, 790, 817, 910], 'article': [780], 'your': [782], 'friends': [783], 'colleagues.': [785], 'Learn': [786], 'more.Copy': [787], 'URL': [788], 'Share': [789], 'linkShare': [791], 'onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat': [792], 'Abstract': [793], 'The': [794, 930], 'low': [795], 'variable': [797], 'bioavailability': [798], 'has': [801], 'been': [802], 'attributed': [803], 'poor': [805, 946], 'absorption.': [806], 'However,': [807], 'recent': [808], 'studies': [809, 848], 'suggested': [811], 'that': [812, 853, 888, 904], 'intestinal': [813, 835, 858], 'exerts': [816], 'significant': [818], 'effect': [819], 'on': [820], 'bioavailability.': [821, 842, 947], 'We': [822], 'describe': [823], 'theory': [824], 'methods': [826], 'differentiate': [828], 'contribution': [830], 'from': [831, 846, 862, 922], 'oral': [832], 'overall': [840], 'Analysis': [843, 885], 'data': [845], 'previous': [847], 'laboratories': [851], 'shows': [852], 'absence': [856], 'metabolism,': [859], 'its': [863, 923], 'presently': [864], 'available': [865, 925], 'dosage': [866], 'form': [867], 'averages': [868], 'at': [869], 'least': [870], '65%': [871], '±': [872, 879], '12%': [873], 'healthy': [875, 928], 'volunteers': [876], '77%': [878], '19%': [880], 'kidney': [882], 'transplant': [883], 'patients.': [884], 'also': [886], 'suggests': [887], 'extraction': [890, 902], 'ratio': [891], 'is': [897], 'approximately': [898], 'twice': [899], 'does': [907], 'not': [908], 'present': [909], 'problem,': [911], 'an': [913], 'average': [914], '86%': [916], 'drug': [919], 'absorbed': [920], 'intact': [921], 'commercially': [924], 'product': [926], 'volunteers.': [929], 'boundary': [931], 'condition': [932], 'analysis': [933], 'described': [934], 'should': [935], 'broad': [937], 'application': [938], 'differentiation': [941], 'factors': [943], 'responsible': [944], 'Therapeutics': [951], '(1995)': [952], '492–497;': [954], 'doi:': [955], 'Citing': [956], 'Literature': [957], 'Volume58,': [958], 'Issue5November': [959], '1995Pages': [960], 'RelatedInformation': [962]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022435477', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T02:40:10.025396', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}