Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2021752967', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/170.6.1518', 'title': 'Development Of A Live, Oral, Attenuated Vaccine Against El Tor Cholera', 'display_name': 'Development Of A Live, Oral, Attenuated Vaccine Against El Tor Cholera', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2021752967', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/170.6.1518', 'mag': '2021752967', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7995992'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/170.6.1518', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54542293', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'issn_l': '0022-1899', 'issn': ['0022-1899', '1537-6613'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109949114', 'display_name': 'David N. Taylor', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I145311948', 'display_name': 'Johns Hopkins University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00za53h95', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I145311948']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. N. Taylor', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Bloomberg School of Public Health.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Bloomberg School of Public Health.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I145311948']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057979609', 'display_name': 'Kevin Killeen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6313-1081'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. P. Killeen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030592888', 'display_name': 'Dallas C. Hack', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. C. Hack', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046973549', 'display_name': 'Julie Kenner', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. R. Kenner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048452353', 'display_name': 'Trinka S. Coster', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. S. Coster', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066889736', 'display_name': 'David T. Beattie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8548-9980'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. T. Beattie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111946008', 'display_name': 'J W Ezzell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Ezzell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048135918', 'display_name': 'T. Hyman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. Hyman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044846996', 'display_name': 'Andrew F. Trofa', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Trofa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076761358', 'display_name': 'María H. Sjogren', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-3950'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. H. Sjogren', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023418149', 'display_name': 'Arthur M. Friedlander', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Friedlander', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045253972', 'display_name': 'John J. Mekalanos', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-9293'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. J. Mekalanos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034781292', 'display_name': 'Jerald Sadoff', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-3013'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. C. Sadoff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University', 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4320, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4320, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.027, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 106, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.909288, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '170', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '1518', 'last_page': '1523'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11684', 'display_name': 'Vibrio bacteria research studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1310', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11684', 'display_name': 'Vibrio bacteria research studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1310', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10596', 'display_name': 'Child Nutrition and Water Access', 'score': 0.9796, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2916', 'display_name': 'Nutrition and Dietetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/29', 'display_name': 'Nursing'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10943', 'display_name': 'Escherichia coli research studies', 'score': 0.9384, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1310', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/el-tor', 'display_name': 'El Tor', 'score': 0.825812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cholera', 'display_name': 'Cholera', 'score': 0.7969403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cholera-vaccine', 'display_name': 'Cholera vaccine', 'score': 0.7641697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuated-vaccine', 'display_name': 'Attenuated vaccine', 'score': 0.5516155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cholera-toxin', 'display_name': 'Cholera toxin', 'score': 0.50215745}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778643871', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160821', 'display_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8872434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779633232', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2076733', 'display_name': 'El Tor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.825812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780722889', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12090', 'display_name': 'Cholera', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7969403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777047711', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812946', 'display_name': 'Cholera vaccine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7641697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6588264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6283901}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6217782}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32611913', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189', 'display_name': 'Titer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6167048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60987743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232', 'display_name': 'Virulence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55289054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54602769', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1810913', 'display_name': 'Attenuated vaccine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5516155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777006276', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83586', 'display_name': 'Cholera toxin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50215745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776422119', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910922', 'display_name': 'Vibrionaceae', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46181405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17625222}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14317879}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11334109}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522874641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808', 'display_name': 'Virus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.09630293}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002771', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholera', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022121', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholera Vaccines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000293', 'descriptor_name': 'Adolescent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000833', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals, Suckling', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000907', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000907', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002771', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholera', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022121', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholera Vaccines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022121', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholera Vaccines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022121', 'descriptor_name': 'Cholera Vaccines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005243', 'descriptor_name': 'Feces', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000382', 'qualifier_name': 'microbiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005243', 'descriptor_name': 'Feces', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005798', 'descriptor_name': 'Genes, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005798', 'descriptor_name': 'Genes, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007074', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunoglobulin G', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007074', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunoglobulin G', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007422', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000382', 'qualifier_name': 'microbiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007422', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011995', 'descriptor_name': 'Recombination, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017384', 'descriptor_name': 'Sequence Deletion', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014611', 'descriptor_name': 'Vaccination', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014613', 'descriptor_name': 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014613', 'descriptor_name': 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014613', 'descriptor_name': 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014613', 'descriptor_name': 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000254', 'qualifier_name': 'growth & development', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014774', 'descriptor_name': 'Virulence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/170.6.1518', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54542293', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'issn_l': '0022-1899', 'issn': ['0022-1899', '1537-6613'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7995992', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.69}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1502369262', 'https://openalex.org/W1863663807', 'https://openalex.org/W1900839477', 'https://openalex.org/W1976698533', 'https://openalex.org/W1987362620', 'https://openalex.org/W1991373417', 'https://openalex.org/W2001949273', 'https://openalex.org/W2003375104', 'https://openalex.org/W2008282998', 'https://openalex.org/W2035247219', 'https://openalex.org/W2037823510', 'https://openalex.org/W2057541831', 'https://openalex.org/W2078494556', 'https://openalex.org/W2079507900', 'https://openalex.org/W2093185589', 'https://openalex.org/W2112627596', 'https://openalex.org/W2153707526', 'https://openalex.org/W2156408870', 'https://openalex.org/W2161884226', 'https://openalex.org/W2164263567', 'https://openalex.org/W2274178380', 'https://openalex.org/W2316680031'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4301406667', 'https://openalex.org/W4245287330', 'https://openalex.org/W2312158452', 'https://openalex.org/W2166201674', 'https://openalex.org/W2157696006', 'https://openalex.org/W2132240557', 'https://openalex.org/W2104510609', 'https://openalex.org/W2072615404', 'https://openalex.org/W1971161511', 'https://openalex.org/W1929885141'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Vibrio': [0], 'cholerae': [1, 158], 'EI': [2, 159, 182], 'Tor': [3, 160, 183], 'strains': [4, 63, 74], 'from': [5], 'Peru,': [6], 'Bangladesh,': [7], 'and': [8, 22, 49, 53, 120, 147], 'Bahrain': [9], 'were': [10, 150, 165], 'attenuated': [11], 'by': [12], 'deletion': [13, 38], 'of': [14, 27, 36, 60, 92, 104, 115, 123, 128], 'a': [15, 111, 175], 'genetic': [16, 47], 'element': [17], 'that': [18], 'encodes': [19], 'virulence': [20], 'factors': [21], 'RSI.': [23], 'The': [24], 'B': [25], 'subunit': [26], 'ctx': [28], '(ctxB)': [29], 'was': [30, 85, 98, 117], 'reintroduced': [31], 'into': [32], 'the': [33, 37, 76, 99], 'recA': [34], 'gene': [35], 'mutants,': [39], 'rendering': [40], 'them': [41], 'unable': [42], 'to': [43, 68, 132], 'recombine': [44], 'with': [45, 90, 152, 168], 'exogenous': [46], 'elements': [48], 'generating': [50], 'Peru-3,': [51], 'Bang-3,': [52], 'Bah-3.': [54], 'Fifteen': [55], 'volunteers': [56, 106, 125], 'received': [57], 'one': [58], 'dose': [59], 'various': [61], 'vaccine': [62, 180], 'at': [64, 126], '4': [65], '‘d7': [66, 130], '106': [67, 131, 155], '1': [69, 133], '’d7': [70, 134], '108': [71], 'cfu.': [72, 136], 'All': [73], 'colonized': [75, 121], 'gut.': [77], 'A': [78], '⩽5?': [79, 93], '4-fold': [80], 'rise': [81], 'in': [82, 87, 95], 'vibriocidal': [83], 'titer': [84], 'observed': [86], '14': [88], 'volunteers,': [89], 'titers': [91], '1600': [94], '13.': [96], 'Peru-3': [97, 140], 'least': [100], 'reactogenic,': [101], 'but': [102], '2': [103, 129, 153], '6': [105], 'had': [107], 'loose': [108], 'stools.': [109], 'Peru-14,': [110], 'filamentous': [112], 'motility-deficient': [113], 'mutant': [114], 'Peru-J,': [116], 'well': [118], 'tolerated': [119], '18': [122], '21': [124], 'doses': [127], '109': [135], 'Also,': [137], 'when': [138], '8': [139, 148], 'or': [141], 'Peru-S': [142], 'vaccinees,': [143, 146], '5': [144], 'Peru-14': [145, 171], 'controls': [149], 'challenged': [151], "'d7": [154], 'cfu': [156], 'V.': [157], 'Inaba': [161], '(NI6961),': [162], '11': [163], 'vaccinees': [164], 'protected': [166], 'compared': [167], 'no': [169], 'controls.': [170], 'shows': [172], 'promise': [173], 'as': [174], 'safe,': [176], 'effective,': [177], 'single-dose': [178], 'oral': [179], 'against': [181], 'cholera.': [184]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021752967', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T15:24:52.002871', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}