Diabetes mellitus in the pima indians: Incidence, risk factors and pathogenesis

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
William C. Knowler; David J. Pettitt; Mohammed F. Saad; Peter H. Bennett
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2020734415', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610060101', 'title': 'Diabetes mellitus in the pima indians: Incidence, risk factors and pathogenesis', 'display_name': 'Diabetes mellitus in the pima indians: Incidence, risk factors and pathogenesis', 'publication_year': 1990, 'publication_date': '1990-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2020734415', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610060101', 'mag': '2020734415', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2192853'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610060101', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210204415', 'display_name': 'Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews', 'issn_l': '0742-4221', 'issn': ['0742-4221', '1099-0895'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109159697', 'display_name': 'William C. Knowler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00adh9b73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'William C. Knowler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Arizona.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Arizona.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111673344', 'display_name': 'David J. Pettitt', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00adh9b73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David J. Pettitt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111673345', 'display_name': 'Mohammed F. Saad', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00adh9b73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mohammed F. Saad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081025519', 'display_name': 'Peter H. Bennett', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-1359'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00adh9b73', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter H. Bennett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090567']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.656, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 590, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.997297, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '27'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11171', 'display_name': 'Diabetes and associated disorders', 'score': 0.9819, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11171', 'display_name': 'Diabetes and associated disorders', 'score': 0.9819, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11339', 'display_name': 'Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer', 'score': 0.9744, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10515', 'display_name': 'Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research', 'score': 0.9652, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1306', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phoenix', 'display_name': 'Phoenix', 'score': 0.72510433}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107130276', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7605674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555293320', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206', 'display_name': 'Diabetes mellitus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7516122}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779167034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27685', 'display_name': 'Phoenix', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72510433}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6376859}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61511704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857', 'display_name': 'Incidence (geometry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41673452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74909509', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387', 'display_name': 'Gerontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.348961}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27797496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17371678}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15063217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158739034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114', 'display_name': 'Metropolitan area', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003920', 'descriptor_name': 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007198', 'descriptor_name': 'Indians, North American', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001130', 'descriptor_name': 'Arizona', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003920', 'descriptor_name': 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003920', 'descriptor_name': 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003920', 'descriptor_name': 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015994', 'descriptor_name': 'Incidence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012307', 'descriptor_name': 'Risk Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013020', 'descriptor_name': 'South America', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610060101', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210204415', 'display_name': 'Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews', 'issn_l': '0742-4221', 'issn': ['0742-4221', '1099-0895'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2192853', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 139, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W119558892', 'https://openalex.org/W135346607', 'https://openalex.org/W1484127823', 'https://openalex.org/W1489963499', 'https://openalex.org/W1541471661', 'https://openalex.org/W1563363743', 'https://openalex.org/W1576201854', 'https://openalex.org/W159448785', 'https://openalex.org/W1603552619', 'https://openalex.org/W1608693905', 'https://openalex.org/W1859167563', 'https://openalex.org/W1965609036', 'https://openalex.org/W1967302382', 'https://openalex.org/W1967575964', 'https://openalex.org/W1969137920', 'https://openalex.org/W1971882473', 'https://openalex.org/W1974181086', 'https://openalex.org/W1975836662', 'https://openalex.org/W1976376347', 'https://openalex.org/W1979300931', 'https://openalex.org/W1985622468', 'https://openalex.org/W1986452741', 'https://openalex.org/W1993503963', 'https://openalex.org/W1993543740', 'https://openalex.org/W1994351520', 'https://openalex.org/W1997640175', 'https://openalex.org/W1998779317', 'https://openalex.org/W2001422145', 'https://openalex.org/W2005579459', 'https://openalex.org/W2010189567', 'https://openalex.org/W2013126351', 'https://openalex.org/W2017651490', 'https://openalex.org/W2020258955', 'https://openalex.org/W2020807418', 'https://openalex.org/W2021348198', 'https://openalex.org/W2023459004', 'https://openalex.org/W2024907664', 'https://openalex.org/W2026316039', 'https://openalex.org/W2028895397', 'https://openalex.org/W2030048566', 'https://openalex.org/W2031847736', 'https://openalex.org/W2033125833', 'https://openalex.org/W2033392651', 'https://openalex.org/W2034082282', 'https://openalex.org/W2036131070', 'https://openalex.org/W2038785596', 'https://openalex.org/W2039701058', 'https://openalex.org/W2039878231', 'https://openalex.org/W2044463106', 'https://openalex.org/W2046297076', 'https://openalex.org/W2046933004', 'https://openalex.org/W2047179412', 'https://openalex.org/W2047677420', 'https://openalex.org/W2048616783', 'https://openalex.org/W2049783626', 'https://openalex.org/W2050863701', 'https://openalex.org/W205294873', 'https://openalex.org/W2054568997', 'https://openalex.org/W2056825568', 'https://openalex.org/W2059632216', 'https://openalex.org/W2059734345', 'https://openalex.org/W2069636519', 'https://openalex.org/W2072656195', 'https://openalex.org/W2078073869', 'https://openalex.org/W2078935864', 'https://openalex.org/W2080081478', 'https://openalex.org/W2085374147', 'https://openalex.org/W2093255361', 'https://openalex.org/W2094945603', 'https://openalex.org/W2096220732', 'https://openalex.org/W2099836688', 'https://openalex.org/W2104435651', 'https://openalex.org/W2113765789', 'https://openalex.org/W2113938219', 'https://openalex.org/W2114207478', 'https://openalex.org/W2115355095', 'https://openalex.org/W2117732697', 'https://openalex.org/W2126706738', 'https://openalex.org/W2129241702', 'https://openalex.org/W2131367876', 'https://openalex.org/W2133988989', 'https://openalex.org/W2137217663', 'https://openalex.org/W2139695454', 'https://openalex.org/W2140630710', 'https://openalex.org/W2142025433', 'https://openalex.org/W2143554720', 'https://openalex.org/W2145466113', 'https://openalex.org/W2146195489', 'https://openalex.org/W2147401140', 'https://openalex.org/W2149826198', 'https://openalex.org/W2150000105', 'https://openalex.org/W2151761390', 'https://openalex.org/W2154162573', 'https://openalex.org/W2161950990', 'https://openalex.org/W2162546421', 'https://openalex.org/W2163098588', 'https://openalex.org/W2165152058', 'https://openalex.org/W2165290518', 'https://openalex.org/W2166233282', 'https://openalex.org/W2169446134', 'https://openalex.org/W2170293889', 'https://openalex.org/W2204378168', 'https://openalex.org/W2261353539', 'https://openalex.org/W2264743189', 'https://openalex.org/W2296261114', 'https://openalex.org/W2303114679', 'https://openalex.org/W2316713837', 'https://openalex.org/W2318743796', 'https://openalex.org/W2327628147', 'https://openalex.org/W2330505590', 'https://openalex.org/W2331030590', 'https://openalex.org/W2333983519', 'https://openalex.org/W2340190630', 'https://openalex.org/W2340359204', 'https://openalex.org/W2340586419', 'https://openalex.org/W2399810534', 'https://openalex.org/W2413164085', 'https://openalex.org/W2413867765', 'https://openalex.org/W2465383971', 'https://openalex.org/W2976223011', 'https://openalex.org/W2995133996', 'https://openalex.org/W3024339621', 'https://openalex.org/W3105734287', 'https://openalex.org/W383390188', 'https://openalex.org/W4240987804', 'https://openalex.org/W4243841175', 'https://openalex.org/W4245181397', 'https://openalex.org/W4245733517', 'https://openalex.org/W4247268240', 'https://openalex.org/W4247488750', 'https://openalex.org/W4249570235', 'https://openalex.org/W4249763377', 'https://openalex.org/W4256013860', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W42862353', 'https://openalex.org/W4301969446', 'https://openalex.org/W566903191', 'https://openalex.org/W613787396', 'https://openalex.org/W615381441'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4255370199', 'https://openalex.org/W4241775245', 'https://openalex.org/W4236842360', 'https://openalex.org/W4234271891', 'https://openalex.org/W4231168244', 'https://openalex.org/W2653004048', 'https://openalex.org/W2408973000', 'https://openalex.org/W2361330997', 'https://openalex.org/W2256808795', 'https://openalex.org/W1511604696'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Diabetes/Metabolism': [0], 'ReviewsVolume': [1], '6,': [2], 'Issue': [3], '1': [4, 368, 1319], 'p.': [5], '1-27': [6, 4745], 'Article': [7], 'Diabetes': [8, 25, 39, 59, 73, 93, 107, 127, 141, 162, 176, 196, 210, 230, 244, 264, 278, 374, 380, 409, 438, 725, 754, 850, 912, 924, 992, 1098, 1201, 1216, 1225, 1243, 1273, 1296, 1488, 1500, 1587, 1622, 1635, 1652, 1703, 1731, 1959, 2010, 2051, 2149, 2177, 2204, 2214, 2294, 2340, 2471, 2530, 2778, 2839, 2906, 2950, 2967, 3176, 3211, 3247, 3289, 3314, 3352, 3422, 3456, 3525, 3554, 3640, 3706, 3753, 3782, 3792, 3796, 3843, 3862, 3872, 3997, 4017, 4045, 4102, 4195, 4229, 4270, 4343, 4432, 4509, 4528, 4563, 4588, 4652, 4714, 4736], 'mellitus': [9, 439, 726, 1119, 1209, 1346, 1398, 1549, 1623, 1694, 1732, 1838, 2257, 2907, 3243, 3793, 3915, 3987, 4354, 4556, 4687], 'in': [10, 375, 381, 413, 421, 440, 504, 536, 576, 607, 738, 771, 780, 813, 852, 876, 913, 920, 956, 985, 1069, 1088, 1115, 1120, 1144, 1149, 1292, 1314, 1347, 1393, 1399, 1489, 1524, 1577, 1602, 1627, 1648, 1653, 1695, 1733, 1769, 1802, 1839, 1868, 1890, 1950, 2043, 2053, 2122, 2166, 2217, 2333, 2339, 2372, 2405, 2433, 2465, 2488, 2570, 2602, 2658, 2805, 2837, 2856, 2908, 2913, 2937, 2945, 2987, 3014, 3061, 3106, 3110, 3207, 3244, 3275, 3279, 3308, 3339, 3378, 3409, 3452, 3484, 3513, 3517, 3544, 3575, 3600, 3634, 3665, 3695, 3699, 3725, 3749, 3774, 3794, 3816, 3844, 3849, 3863, 3916, 4043, 4067, 4072, 4094, 4125, 4165, 4189, 4221, 4266, 4288, 4295, 4321, 4333, 4358, 4460, 4470, 4498, 4505, 4531, 4585, 4644, 4649, 4682, 4688, 4712, 4734], 'the': [11, 334, 344, 505, 510, 528, 531, 537, 585, 628, 688, 730, 756, 772, 781, 814, 825, 829, 890, 914, 943, 947, 957, 1121, 1167, 1178, 1265, 1315, 1394, 1437, 1497, 1578, 1631, 1696, 1734, 1869, 1874, 1891, 1916, 1957, 1984, 1994, 2044, 2218, 2329, 2334, 2406, 2434, 2546, 2825, 2938, 3152, 3238, 3379, 3489, 3518, 3571, 3576, 3638, 3864, 4014, 4190, 4213, 4222, 4267, 4289, 4322, 4359, 4367, 4424, 4434, 4506, 4532], 'pima': [12], 'indians:': [13], 'Incidence,': [14], 'risk': [15, 2096, 3606, 4129, 4591], 'factors': [16, 503, 1392, 4160], 'and': [17, 26, 32, 40, 42, 60, 66, 74, 76, 94, 100, 108, 110, 128, 134, 142, 144, 163, 169, 177, 179, 197, 203, 211, 213, 231, 237, 245, 247, 265, 271, 279, 281, 316, 320, 332, 339, 358, 371, 391, 406, 411, 435, 460, 474, 497, 571, 601, 642, 656, 660, 684, 694, 735, 751, 793, 806, 847, 858, 872, 909, 933, 937, 952, 977, 1007, 1028, 1065, 1084, 1109, 1136, 1142, 1160, 1166, 1188, 1192, 1205, 1210, 1259, 1269, 1285, 1309, 1321, 1338, 1344, 1361, 1370, 1386, 1390, 1416, 1431, 1456, 1471, 1492, 1511, 1520, 1541, 1570, 1580, 1619, 1624, 1643, 1660, 1686, 1692, 1707, 1728, 1738, 1755, 1762, 1789, 1796, 1829, 1833, 1864, 1884, 1887, 1907, 1944, 1978, 1989, 2016, 2035, 2067, 2088, 2117, 2147, 2162, 2193, 2211, 2215, 2245, 2258, 2279, 2283, 2295, 2303, 2323, 2365, 2395, 2423, 2454, 2482, 2511, 2527, 2539, 2552, 2564, 2596, 2642, 2655, 2675, 2693, 2713, 2760, 2764, 2791, 2800, 2807, 2820, 2829, 2848, 2871, 2903, 2910, 2920, 2932, 2947, 2982, 3007, 3020, 3042, 3051, 3058, 3092, 3099, 3125, 3147, 3166, 3197, 3232, 3270, 3302, 3312, 3333, 3368, 3374, 3382, 3399, 3411, 3441, 3447, 3473, 3509, 3539, 3546, 3565, 3596, 3625, 3632, 3654, 3668, 3675, 3691, 3719, 3741, 3762, 3771, 3789, 3807, 3813, 3840, 3859, 3879, 3906, 3928, 3948, 3957, 3981, 3988, 4004, 4008, 4034, 4058, 4063, 4069, 4087, 4119, 4156, 4182, 4187, 4208, 4212, 4216, 4255, 4260, 4281, 4315, 4327, 4355, 4370, 4402, 4406, 4418, 4423, 4426, 4433, 4438, 4453, 4487, 4493, 4525, 4529, 4551, 4557, 4578, 4607, 4613, 4618, 4639, 4674, 4704, 4729], 'pathogenesis': [18], 'William': [19, 22, 156, 159, 1783], 'C.': [20, 23, 157, 160], 'Knowler,': [21, 158], 'Knowler': [24, 161, 400, 559, 602, 807, 841, 1105, 1132, 1257, 1332, 1359, 1380, 1620, 1672, 1722, 1749, 1787, 1815, 1854, 2001, 2089, 2118, 2156, 2194, 2212, 2271, 2317, 2359, 2387, 2974, 3191, 3264, 3687, 3739, 3758, 4449, 4483, 4519, 4547, 4579, 4603, 4640, 4662, 4705, 4730], 'Arthritis': [27, 61, 95, 129, 164, 198, 232, 266], 'Epidemiology': [28, 31, 62, 65, 96, 99, 130, 133, 165, 168, 199, 202, 233, 236, 267, 270], 'Section,': [29, 63, 97, 131, 166, 200, 234, 268], 'Phoenix': [30, 64, 98, 132, 167, 201, 235, 269, 783], 'Clinical': [33, 67, 101, 135, 170, 204, 238, 272], 'Research': [34, 68, 102, 136, 171, 205, 239, 273], 'Branch,': [35, 69, 103, 137, 172, 206, 240, 274], 'National': [36, 70, 104, 138, 173, 207, 241, 275, 1200, 1476], 'Institute': [37, 71, 105, 139, 174, 208, 242, 276, 1039, 1047], 'of': [38, 72, 106, 140, 175, 209, 243, 277, 318, 328, 341, 352, 389, 453, 457, 481, 501, 507, 509, 530, 627, 630, 640, 670, 690, 702, 713, 729, 759, 790, 811, 824, 828, 856, 882, 918, 945, 954, 981, 1012, 1040, 1048, 1052, 1077, 1082, 1095, 1113, 1140, 1169, 1172, 1207, 1213, 1238, 1267, 1290, 1317, 1368, 1396, 1436, 1439, 1444, 1468, 1478, 1496, 1516, 1547, 1575, 1584, 1595, 1633, 1702, 1800, 1844, 1873, 1956, 1983, 1993, 2005, 2041, 2047, 2057, 2092, 2124, 2168, 2201, 2250, 2285, 2328, 2331, 2401, 2429, 2437, 2463, 2516, 2523, 2545, 2568, 2651, 2681, 2775, 2824, 2876, 2887, 2918, 2993, 3011, 3048, 3105, 3129, 3132, 3151, 3155, 3170, 3240, 3274, 3285, 3306, 3337, 3344, 3372, 3385, 3407, 3445, 3477, 3479, 3522, 3573, 3579, 3728, 3767, 3822, 3959, 3985, 4065, 4092, 4193, 4219, 4263, 4286, 4330, 4340, 4352, 4362, 4366, 4373, 4458, 4496, 4582, 4620, 4678, 4708], 'Digestive': [41, 75, 109, 143, 178, 212, 246, 280], 'Kidney': [43, 77, 111, 145, 180, 214, 248, 282, 1124], 'Diseases,': [44, 78, 112, 146, 181, 215, 249, 283], 'Phoenix,': [45, 79, 113, 147, 182, 216, 250, 284], 'Arizona,': [46, 80, 114, 148, 183, 217, 251, 285, 2048], 'U.S.A.Search': [47, 81, 115, 149, 184, 218, 252, 286], 'for': [48, 82, 116, 150, 185, 219, 253, 287, 527, 580, 942, 1034, 1264, 1409, 1924, 2098, 2609, 2965, 3018, 3607, 3820, 3867, 3938, 4130, 4161], 'more': [49, 83, 117, 151, 186, 220, 254, 288], 'papers': [50, 84, 118, 152, 187, 221, 255, 289], 'by': [51, 85, 119, 153, 188, 222, 256, 290, 889, 1016, 2525, 2614, 3429, 3769], 'this': [52, 86, 120, 154, 189, 223, 257, 291, 353], 'authorDavid': [53, 190], 'J.': [54, 57, 191, 194], 'Pettitt,': [55, 192], 'David': [56, 193], 'Pettitt': [58, 195, 561, 843, 1107, 1130, 1355, 1382, 1680, 1724, 1753, 1790, 1819, 1856, 2084, 2109, 2154, 2183, 2209, 2277, 2319, 2361, 2389, 2976, 3760, 4481, 4523, 4543, 4601, 4637, 4668, 4698, 4725], 'authorMohammed': [87, 224], 'F.': [88, 91, 225, 228], 'Saad,': [89, 226], 'Mohammed': [90, 227], 'Saad': [92, 229, 2357, 2385, 2972], 'authorPeter': [121, 258], 'H.': [122, 125, 259, 262], 'Bennett,': [123, 260], 'Peter': [124, 261], 'Bennett': [126, 263, 402, 557, 804, 848, 870, 903, 934, 967, 1063, 1110, 1137, 1260, 1281, 1310, 1334, 1362, 1615, 1687, 1726, 1823, 2031, 2115, 2158, 2191, 2241, 2269, 2315, 2366, 2396, 2597, 2630, 2756, 2983, 3193, 3228, 3271, 3533, 3692, 3742, 4178, 4200, 4249, 4275, 4311, 4348, 4403, 4414, 4451, 4488, 4526, 4545, 4608, 4675, 4727], 'author': [155, 292], 'First': [293], 'published:': [294], 'February': [295], '1990': [296], 'https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610060101Citations:': [297], '408AboutPDF': [298], 'ToolsRequest': [299], 'permissionExport': [300], 'citationAdd': [301], 'to': [302, 324, 347, 989, 1073, 1146, 1405, 2198, 2255, 2486, 2768, 2832, 2879, 2942, 3053, 3056, 3342, 3661, 4163, 4500], 'favoritesTrack': [303], 'citation': [304], 'ShareShare': [305], 'Give': [306], 'accessShare': [307, 310], 'full': [308], 'text': [309], 'full-text': [311, 326, 350], 'accessPlease': [312], 'review': [313], 'our': [314], 'Terms': [315, 338], 'Conditions': [317, 340], 'Use': [319], 'check': [321], 'box': [322], 'below': [323, 346], 'share': [325, 348], 'version': [327, 351], 'article.I': [329], 'have': [330], 'read': [331], 'accept': [333], 'Wiley': [335], 'Online': [336], 'Library': [337, 2736], 'UseShareable': [342], 'LinkUse': [343], 'link': [345], 'a': [349, 364, 416, 739, 819, 879, 1089, 1092, 1173, 1239, 1366, 1463, 1551, 1920, 1951, 2058, 2095, 2221, 2439, 2577, 2610, 2649, 2772, 2857, 2880, 2884, 3283, 3387, 3424, 3453, 3601, 3604, 3662, 3823, 3847, 3868, 4334, 4337, 4466, 4590], 'article': [354], 'with': [355, 1091, 1462, 1772, 1847, 1879, 1953, 2128, 2490, 2518, 2573, 3065, 3551, 3570, 3704, 3778, 3910, 4100, 4167, 4232, 4336, 4462, 4616], 'your': [356], 'friends': [357], 'colleagues.': [359], 'Learn': [360], 'more.Copy': [361], 'URL': [362], 'Share': [363], 'linkShare': [365], 'onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat': [366], 'References': [367], 'Sievers': [369, 4664], 'ML,': [370, 4665], 'Fisher': [372], 'JR:': [373], 'North': [376, 456, 1053], 'American': [377, 441, 454, 631, 703, 731, 891, 894, 1490, 1770, 1803, 2606, 3350], 'Indians.': [378, 443, 623, 959, 1123, 1151, 1295, 1349, 1401, 1698, 1804, 1893, 2336, 2408, 2660, 3210, 3246, 4016, 4224, 4269, 4291, 4472, 4508, 4534, 4587, 4651, 4690], 'In': [379, 533, 664, 776, 822, 885, 1038, 1402, 1651, 1699, 2009, 2050, 2292, 2337, 2733, 3045, 3200, 3871, 4225, 4292, 4364, 4429], 'America,': [382], 'NIH': [383], 'Publication': [384], 'No': [385], '85–1468.': [386], 'U.S.': [387, 788], 'Department': [388, 789, 1467], 'Health': [390, 796, 895, 1469, 1474], 'Human': [392], 'Services.': [393], '1985,': [394], 'pp': [395, 465, 548, 678, 801, 838, 898, 1056, 1426, 1483, 1669, 1719, 2028, 2079, 2312, 2354, 2749, 3893, 4244, 4306, 4395, 4446], '(': [396], 'XI.': [397], '1–20).': [398], '2': [399, 1117, 1323, 1764, 1835, 2007, 3671, 3912, 3932, 4684], 'WC,': [401, 560, 842, 1106, 1133, 1256, 1258, 1333, 1360, 1381, 1673, 1723, 1750, 1788, 1816, 1855, 2157, 2272, 2318, 2360, 2388, 2975, 3192, 3265, 3688, 3740, 3759, 3980, 4450, 4484, 4520, 4548, 4604, 4663], 'PH,': [403, 432, 558, 805, 871, 904, 968, 1064, 1282, 1335, 1616, 1727, 1824, 2032, 2116, 2159, 2192, 2242, 2270, 2316, 2631, 2757, 3194, 3229, 3534, 4179, 4201, 4250, 4276, 4312, 4415, 4452, 4546, 4728], 'Hamman': [404, 1617], 'RF,': [405, 1618], 'Miller': [407, 436, 868, 910, 931, 978, 1066, 1286, 2036, 2243, 2761, 2821, 3540, 4183, 4202, 4253, 4279, 4316, 4419], 'M:': [408, 437, 911, 979, 1067, 1287, 2037, 2762, 3541, 4184, 4317, 4420], 'incidence': [410, 419, 851, 3958, 4457], 'prevalence': [412, 734, 810, 1094, 1289, 1546, 1574, 2040, 2919, 3406, 3956, 4064, 4091, 4339], 'Pima': [414, 622, 659, 757, 815, 853, 877, 915, 958, 986, 1070, 1122, 1150, 1294, 1348, 1400, 1697, 1735, 1840, 1892, 2045, 2125, 2170, 2219, 2251, 2335, 2373, 2407, 2659, 3063, 3209, 3245, 3280, 3548, 3701, 3775, 4015, 4191, 4223, 4268, 4290, 4323, 4360, 4471, 4507, 4533, 4586, 4650, 4689], 'Indians:': [415, 854, 878, 916, 987, 1071, 1736, 1841, 2220, 2374, 2607, 3818, 4324], '19-fold': [417], 'greater': [418], 'than': [420], 'Rochester,': [422], 'Minn.': [423], 'Am': [424, 514, 589, 611, 716, 861, 1373, 1741, 1775, 1805, 2102, 2261, 2702, 3390, 3431, 3581, 3826], 'J': [425, 515, 590, 612, 715, 862, 1374, 1446, 1705, 1742, 1776, 1806, 1894, 2103, 2134, 2225, 2262, 2380, 2411, 2555, 2616, 2663, 2683, 2701, 2718, 2811, 3023, 3112, 3134, 3157, 3391, 3415, 3432, 3494, 3582, 3613, 3733, 3827, 3964, 4136, 4475, 4537], 'Epidemiol': [426, 863, 1375, 2104, 3392, 3583], '108:': [427], '497–504,': [428], '1978.': [429, 1531, 2893, 3459, 4412], '3': [430], 'Bennet': [431], 'Burch': [433, 489, 567, 873, 907, 2033, 2239, 4180, 4204], 'TA,': [434, 490, 568, 908, 2034, 2240, 2845, 4181, 4205], '(Pima)': [442], 'Lancet': [444, 1152, 1181, 1195, 2996], 'ii:': [445, 1153, 1182, 1196], '125–128,': [446], '1971.': [447, 927, 2267], '4': [448], 'FW': [449], 'Hodge': [450], '(Ed.):': [451], 'Handbook': [452], 'Indians': [455, 508, 689, 728, 758, 767, 777, 817, 1491, 1771, 2046, 3064, 3281, 3311, 3549, 3702, 4192, 4361], 'Mexico.': [458], 'Rowman': [459], 'Littlefield,': [461], 'New': [462, 538, 643, 650, 671, 675, 1666, 2025, 2076, 2309, 2915, 4303], 'York': [463], '1965,': [464], '1–1221.': [466], '5': [467, 2740], 'Haury': [468], 'EM:': [469, 3656], 'The': [470, 621, 668, 711, 1046, 1050, 1514, 1544, 1573, 1700, 2003, 2038, 2398, 2426, 2542, 2730, 2874, 2957, 3402, 3951, 4350], 'Hohokam:': [471], 'Desert': [472], 'Farmers': [473], 'Craftsmen,': [475], 'Excavations': [476], 'at': [477, 1080, 1086, 1915, 3603, 4127], 'Snaketown,': [478], '1964–1965.': [479], 'University': [480, 669, 1051], 'Arizona': [482, 641], 'Press,': [483, 673, 1716, 2308, 2351, 3889, 4302], 'Tucson,': [484], '1976.': [485, 1101, 1198, 4346], '6': [486, 2469], 'Matson': [487], 'GA,': [488], 'Polesky': [491], 'HF,': [492], 'Swanson': [493], 'J,': [494, 1565, 1975, 3004, 3124, 3221, 4031, 4108], 'Sutton': [495], 'HE,': [496], 'Robinson': [498], 'A:': [499, 682], 'Distribution': [500, 3273], 'hereditary': [502], 'blood': [506, 1518, 3812, 4464], 'Gila': [511], 'River,': [512], 'Arizona.': [513, 760, 4194, 4363], 'Phys': [516, 591, 613, 1743], 'Anthropol': [517, 592, 614, 1744], '29:': [518, 2150, 2531, 3679], '311–337,': [519], '1968.': [520, 2842, 3799], '7': [521], 'Turner': [522, 3929], 'CG,': [523], 'II:': [524], 'Dental': [525], 'evidence': [526, 579, 917, 2608, 3017, 3866, 4329], 'peopling': [529], 'Americas.': [532], 'Early': [534, 4122], 'Man': [535], 'World,': [539], 'R': [540, 1708, 2304, 2719], 'Shutler,': [541], 'Ed.': [542, 833, 2348, 4300], 'Sage': [543], 'Publications,': [544], 'Beverly': [545], 'Hills,': [546], '1983,': [547, 1668], '147–157.': [549], '8': [550], 'Williams': [551, 1729, 1751, 1813], 'RC,': [552, 1752, 1784, 1814, 3802], 'Steinberg': [553, 905, 1756, 1785], 'AG,': [554, 906, 1786], 'Gershowitz': [555], 'H,': [556, 1004, 1159, 2418, 2479, 2536, 2633, 3165, 3363, 3562, 4151], 'DJ,': [562, 844, 1108, 1131, 1356, 1383, 1681, 1725, 1754, 1820, 1857, 2085, 2110, 2155, 2184, 2210, 2278, 2320, 2362, 2390, 2977, 3761, 4482, 4524, 4544, 4602, 4638, 4669, 4699, 4726], 'Butler': [563, 1817, 2275], 'W,': [564, 1540], 'Baird': [565, 2111, 2163, 2187, 2273, 4485, 4549, 4702], 'HR,': [566, 2112, 2188, 2274, 3651, 4486, 4550, 4703], 'Morse': [569], 'HG,': [570], 'Smith': [572], 'CG:': [573, 2850], 'Gm': [574], 'allotypes': [575], 'Native': [577, 3349], 'Americans:': [578, 3486], 'three': [581, 3286], 'distinct': [582], 'migrations': [583], 'across': [584], 'Bering': [586], 'land': [587], 'bridge.': [588], '66:': [593], '1–19,': [594], '1985.': [595, 617, 1251, 1277, 1330, 1962, 3418, 3499, 3586, 4568, 4597], '9': [596], 'Wallace': [597], 'DC,': [598, 634, 706, 799], 'Garrison': [599], 'K,': [600, 2672, 3620, 3622], 'WC:': [603, 808, 1621, 2002, 2090, 2119, 2195, 2213, 4580, 4641, 4706, 4731], 'Dramatic': [604], 'founder': [605], 'effects': [606], 'Amerindian': [608], 'mitochondrial': [609], 'DNAs.': [610], '68:': [615], '149–155,': [616], '10': [618], 'Russell': [619], 'F:': [620], '26th': [624], 'Annual': [625], 'Report': [626, 1237], 'Bureau': [629, 701], 'Ethnology,': [632, 704], 'Washington,': [633, 705, 798], '1904–1905.': [635], '11': [636], 'Bancroft': [637], 'HH:': [638], 'History': [639], 'Mexico': [644, 672], '1530–1888.': [645], 'Horn': [646], '&': [647, 1421], 'Wallace,': [648], 'Albuquerque,': [649, 674], 'Mexico,': [651, 676], '1962.': [652, 3437], '12': [653], 'Castetter': [654], 'EF,': [655], 'Bell': [657], 'WH:': [658], 'Papago': [661], 'Indian': [662, 2126, 2171, 2252, 3667, 3776, 4070], 'agriculture.': [663], 'Inter-Americana': [665], 'Studies': [666, 3810], 'I,': [667, 1967, 4571, 4575], '1942,': [677], '1–244.': [679], '13': [680], 'Hrdlicka': [681], 'Physiological': [683], 'Medical': [685], 'Observations': [686], 'among': [687, 727, 755, 1597, 2460, 3992], 'Southwestern': [691, 2605], 'United': [692, 773], 'States': [693], 'Northern': [695], 'Mexico.,': [696], 'Bulletin': [697], '24.': [698], 'Smithsonian': [699], 'Institute,': [700, 2743], '1908.': [707], '14': [708, 1761, 1795], 'Joslin': [709], 'EP:': [710], 'universality': [712], 'diabetes.': [714, 860, 2008, 2553, 2995, 4621], 'Med': [717, 744, 762, 2135, 2379, 2412, 2664, 3414, 3614, 3734, 3963, 4137, 4476, 4538], 'Assoc': [718, 2704], '115:': [719, 1376], '2033–2038,': [720], '1940.': [721], '15': [722], 'Cohen': [723, 1592], 'BM:': [724], 'Southwest:': [732], 'its': [733, 883, 1625, 4356, 4614], 'clinical': [736, 4259], 'characteristics': [737], 'hospitalized': [740], 'population.': [741, 3455], 'Ann': [742], 'Int': [743, 1125], '40:': [745], '588–599,': [746], '1954.': [747], '16': [748], 'Parks': [749], 'JH,': [750, 2481, 3332], 'Waskow': [752], 'E:': [753], 'Ariz': [761], '18:': [763, 2924, 4196], '99–106,': [764], '1961.': [765, 1607], '17': [766], 'on': [768, 778, 1177, 1224, 1550, 1630, 3173, 3811, 3876, 4227, 4710], 'Federal': [769], 'Reservations': [770], 'States—a': [774], 'Digest.': [775], 'Reservation': [779], 'USA.': [782, 2049], 'Area—Arizona,': [784], 'California,': [785], 'Nevada,': [786], 'Utah.': [787], 'Health,': [791, 1479], 'Education,': [792], 'Welfare,': [794, 1472], 'Public': [795, 1410, 1473], 'Service,': [797, 1475], '1961,': [800], '1–58.': [802], '18': [803], 'Increasing': [809], 'diabetes': [812, 955, 1096, 1118, 1193, 1208, 1268, 1291, 1325, 1345, 1371, 1397, 1548, 1576, 1596, 1649, 1693, 1765, 1837, 1881, 1888, 1955, 1992, 2042, 2100, 2129, 2256, 2287, 2332, 2487, 2524, 2569, 3242, 3307, 3338, 3373, 3404, 3408, 3574, 3609, 3768, 3773, 3914, 3934, 3960, 3986, 4066, 4093, 4132, 4164, 4188, 4220, 4264, 4287, 4341, 4353, 4555, 4686], '(American)': [816], 'over': [818, 2468, 2771, 2883], 'ten-year': [820, 2543], 'period.': [821], 'Proceedings': [823, 2056, 4365], '10th': [826], 'Congress': [827, 4236, 4372], 'IDF,': [830, 4237], 'Waldhausl': [831], 'WK,': [832], 'Excerpta': [834, 2020, 2071, 4239, 4442], 'Medica,': [835, 2021, 2072, 4443], 'Amsterdam,': [836, 2352, 4242, 4444], '1979': [837], '507–511.': [839], '19': [840], 'Savage': [845, 969, 1279, 1303, 1674, 2588, 2752, 3685], 'PJ,': [846, 970, 1280, 1304, 1675, 2589, 2753, 3686], 'PH:': [849, 935, 1111, 1138, 1261, 1311, 1363, 1688, 2367, 2397, 2598, 2984, 3272, 3693, 3743, 4349, 4404, 4489, 4527, 4609, 4676], 'contributions': [855], 'obesity': [857, 1369, 2093, 2121, 2216], 'parental': [859, 3772], '113:': [864], '144–156,': [865], '1981.': [866, 1590, 1852, 3855], '20': [867], 'M,': [869, 932, 1006, 1308, 1612, 1677, 1943, 1977, 2069, 2244, 2587, 2902, 3006, 3462, 3684, 4203, 4254, 4280], 'TA:': [874], 'Hyperglycemia': [875, 1191, 4211, 4405], 'preliminary': [880], 'appraisal': [881], 'significance.': [884], 'Biomedical': [886, 2350], 'Challenges': [887], 'Presented': [888], 'Indian,': [892], 'Pan': [893], 'Organization,': [896], '1968,': [897], '89–103.': [899], '21': [900], 'Rushforth': [901, 929, 975, 3537, 4277], 'NB,': [902, 930, 976, 4278], 'bimodality': [919, 3478], 'glucose': [921, 940, 950, 1074, 1214, 1271, 1883, 2370, 2403, 2431, 2466, 2492, 2520, 2550, 2575, 2646, 2776, 2803, 2828, 2835, 2881, 2888, 2944, 3049, 3067, 3376, 3449, 3482, 3514, 3629, 3663, 3751, 3780, 3815, 3990, 4169, 4503, 4559], 'tolerance': [922, 2371, 2404, 2432, 2467, 2493, 2551, 2647, 3377, 3450, 3515, 3991, 4504, 4560], 'distributions.': [923, 3288], '20:': [925, 3853], '756–765,': [926], '22': [928], 'Fasting': [936], 'two-hour': [938, 3448, 3480], 'post-load': [939], 'levels': [941, 951, 1523], 'diagnosis': [944, 1081, 1168, 1206, 1266], 'diabetes:': [946, 1170, 4491], 'relationship': [948, 988, 1515, 2826, 2875, 3341], 'between': [949, 2795, 2827], 'complications': [953, 1626, 4218, 4357, 4495, 4619], 'Diabetologia': [960, 1327, 1350, 1555, 1849, 1996, 2443, 2496, 2554, 2581, 2860, 2890, 2923, 3678, 3852, 3919, 3941, 4074, 4171, 4409, 4622, 4691], '16:': [961, 2497], '373–379,': [962], '1979.': [963, 995, 1184, 1219, 1299, 1353, 1639, 2499, 2953], '23': [964], 'Flock': [965], 'EV,': [966], 'Webner': [971, 4416], 'CJ,': [972, 4378], 'Howard': [973, 1678, 2628, 2787, 4515], 'BV,': [974, 1679, 2629, 2788, 4516], 'Bimodality': [980, 3444, 3512], 'glycosylated': [982, 1013], 'hemoglobin': [983, 1014], 'distribution': [984], 'fasting': [990, 2801, 3446], 'hyperglycemia.': [991], '28:': [993, 1217, 1297, 1328, 2951], '984–989,': [994], '24': [996], 'Menard': [997], 'L,': [998, 1904, 1969, 3089, 3223, 3976, 4380], 'Dempsey': [999], 'ME,': [1000], 'Blankstein': [1001], 'LA,': [1002, 2422], 'Aleyassine': [1003], 'Wacks': [1005], 'Soeldner': [1008], 'JS:': [1009, 2456, 3149], 'Quantitative': [1010], 'determination': [1011], 'A1': [1015], 'agar': [1017], 'gel': [1018], 'electrophoresis.': [1019], 'Clin': [1020, 1895, 2263, 2617, 2684, 2812, 3024, 3113, 3135, 3158], 'Chem': [1021], '26:': [1022, 2444, 3555, 3830, 4172], '1598–1602,': [1023], '1980.': [1024, 1155, 1235, 2152, 2533, 2622, 2926, 3028, 3967, 4479, 4513], '25': [1025], 'Kaplan': [1026, 2691], 'EB,': [1027], 'Elston': [1029, 3801], 'RC:': [1030, 1730, 3930], 'A': [1031, 1661, 2962, 4258], 'subroutine': [1032], 'package': [1033], 'maximum': [1035], 'likelihood': [1036], 'estimation.': [1037], 'Statistics': [1041], 'Mimeo': [1042], 'Series': [1043], 'No.': [1044, 1713, 2344], '823,': [1045], 'Statistics,': [1049], 'Carolina,': [1054], '1972,': [1055], 'I–IX.': [1057], '26': [1058], 'Dorf': [1059], 'A,': [1060, 1538, 1906, 2508, 2561, 3031, 3263, 4110, 4112], 'Ballintine': [1061, 4206, 4454], 'EJ,': [1062, 3299, 4207], 'Retinopathy': [1068], 'relationships': [1072, 1878, 2254], 'level,': [1075], 'duration': [1076], 'diabetes,': [1078, 1083, 1517], 'age': [1079, 1085], 'examination': [1087], 'population': [1090, 1583, 2436, 2858, 3384, 3521, 3578, 3602, 4335], 'high': [1093, 1545, 2039, 3605, 4338], 'mellitus.': [1097, 1244, 1326, 1372, 2101, 3610, 3961, 4133, 4342], '25:': [1099, 2687, 4344], '554–560,': [1100], '27': [1102], 'Kunzelman': [1103, 4666], 'CL,': [1104, 3079, 4667], 'Incidence': [1112, 4581, 4677], 'proteinuria': [1114, 1143, 4709], 'type': [1116, 1318, 1322, 1763, 1834, 2006, 3101, 3670, 3911, 4683], '35:': [1126, 4103], '681–687,': [1127], '1989.': [1128, 2999, 3292, 3785, 4140, 4739], '28': [1129], 'Lisse': [1134, 1357, 1682, 1821, 4517], 'JR,': [1135, 1358, 1683, 1822, 3085, 4518], 'Development': [1139, 2567], 'retinopathy': [1141, 4459, 4733], 'relation': [1145, 4499], 'plasma-glucose': [1147], 'concentrations': [1148, 2804, 3483, 3724, 3746], '1050–1052,': [1154], '29': [1156], 'Al': [1157], 'Sayegh': [1158], 'Jarrett': [1161, 1186, 2476, 2537], 'RJ:': [1162], 'Oral': [1163, 4228], 'glucose-tolerance': [1164], 'tests': [1165], 'results': [1171, 3487], 'prospective': [1174], 'study': [1175, 3848, 4262, 4469, 4648], 'based': [1176], 'Whitehall': [1179], 'Survey.': [1180], '431–433,': [1183], '30': [1185], 'RJ,': [1187, 2477, 2538], 'Keen': [1189, 2478, 2535, 3400], 'H:': [1190, 3401, 4060], 'mellitus,': [1194, 1882], '1009–1012,': [1197], '31': [1199], 'Data': [1202], 'Group:': [1203], 'Classification': [1204], 'other': [1211, 1493], 'categories': [1212], 'intolerance.': [1215], '1039–1057,': [1218], '32': [1220], 'WHO': [1221, 1229, 1240, 1245], 'Expert': [1222], 'Committee': [1223], 'Mellitus:': [1226, 3873], 'Second': [1227], 'report.': [1228], 'Tech': [1230, 1246], 'Rep': [1231, 1247], 'Ser': [1232, 1248], '646:': [1233], '9–14,': [1234], '33': [1236], 'Study': [1241, 2823], 'Group.': [1242], '727:': [1249], '9–17,': [1250], '34': [1252, 4564], 'Harris': [1253], 'MI,': [1254], 'Hadden': [1255], 'International': [1262], 'criteria': [1263], 'impaired': [1270, 2369, 2402, 2430, 2491, 2519, 2574, 3375, 3989, 4168, 4558], 'tolerance.': [1272, 2777, 2889, 3068, 3752, 3781, 4170], 'Care': [1274, 1636, 2178, 3315, 3641, 4510, 4653], '8:': [1275], '562–567,': [1276], '35': [1278], 'Senter': [1283], 'RG,': [1284, 2364, 2392, 2979, 4628, 4659, 4697, 4720], 'High': [1288], 'young': [1293], '937–942,': [1298], '36': [1300], 'Katzeff': [1301], 'HL,': [1302], 'Barclay-White': [1305], 'B,': [1306, 1569, 1859, 2504, 2641, 3227, 3261, 3508, 3560, 3653, 3897], 'Nagulesparan': [1307, 1676, 2586, 3683], 'C-peptide': [1312], 'measurement': [1313], 'differentiation': [1316], '(insulin-dependent)': [1320, 1836], '(non-insulin-dependent)': [1324, 3672, 3913, 3933, 4685], '264–268,': [1329], '37': [1331], 'Bottazzo': [1336], 'GF,': [1337], 'Doniach': [1339], 'D:': [1340, 2793, 2873, 3370], 'Islet': [1341], 'cell': [1342], 'antibodies': [1343], '17:': [1351, 2840, 3797], '161–164,': [1352], '38': [1354], 'Mortality': [1364], 'as': [1365, 2648, 3282, 4589], 'function': [1367], '359–366,': [1377], '1982.': [1378, 2558, 2584, 3709, 4541], '39': [1379], 'Lillioja': [1384, 2624, 2785, 3034, 3074, 3181, 3218, 3254, 4002], 'S,': [1385, 1563, 1567, 1939, 2066, 2506, 2625, 2786, 2868, 2931, 3035, 3075, 3182, 3219, 3255, 3858, 3925, 4003, 4384], 'Nelson': [1387, 2363, 2391, 2978, 3763, 4627, 4658, 4696, 4719], 'RG:': [1388, 3627, 3764], 'Genetic': [1389, 1403], 'environmental': [1391], 'development': [1395, 2284, 2330, 2992, 3239, 3572], 'Susceptibility': [1404], 'Environmental': [1406], 'Factors—A': [1407], 'Challenge': [1408], 'Intervention,': [1411], 'U': [1412], 'Smith,': [1413], 'S': [1414, 3881], 'Eriksson,': [1415], 'F': [1417], 'Lindgärde,': [1418], 'Eds.': [1419, 1663, 1710, 2019, 2070, 2306, 3887, 4441], 'Almqvist': [1420], 'Wiksell': [1422], 'International,': [1423], 'Stockholm,': [1424], '1988,': [1425, 2011], '67–74.': [1427], '40': [1428], 'Mantel': [1429], 'N,': [1430, 3538, 4153], 'Haenszel': [1432], 'W:': [1433, 1572], 'Statistical': [1434], 'aspects': [1435], 'analysis': [1438, 1949, 1982], 'data': [1440], 'from': [1441, 2698, 3348, 3488, 3637, 4013], 'retrospective': [1442], 'studies': [1443, 1647, 2327, 2657, 2917, 4285], 'disease.': [1445, 2260], 'Natl': [1447, 1928], 'Cancer': [1448], 'Inst': [1449], '22:': [1450, 2556, 2582], '719–748,': [1451], '1959.': [1452], '41': [1453], 'Rothman': [1454], 'KJ,': [1455], 'Boice': [1457], 'JD': [1458], 'Jr.:': [1459, 2729], 'Epidemiologic': [1460, 1654, 4284], 'Analysis': [1461], 'Programmable': [1464], 'Calculator.': [1465], 'US': [1466], 'Education': [1470], 'Institutes': [1477], 'Bethesda': [1480], 'MD': [1481], '1979,': [1482, 4445], '1–142.': [1484], '42': [1485], 'West': [1486], 'KM:': [1487], 'native': [1494], 'populations': [1495], 'new': [1498, 3936], 'world.': [1499], '23:': [1501, 4271], '841–855,': [1502], '1974.': [1503, 3832, 4273], '43': [1504], 'Prior': [1505, 3949], 'AM,': [1506], 'Beaglehole': [1507], 'R,': [1508, 1610, 1642, 3359, 3504, 3905, 4051, 4147], 'Davidson': [1509], 'F,': [1510, 2639, 2870, 3259, 4155], 'Salmond': [1512], 'CE:': [1513], 'lipids,': [1519], 'uric': [1521], 'acid': [1522], 'Polynesians.': [1525], 'Adv': [1526], 'Metab': [1527, 2619, 2686, 4018], 'Disord': [1528], '9:': [1529], '241–260,': [1530], '44': [1532], 'Zimmet': [1533, 1560, 1644, 2865, 2928, 3356, 3439, 3505, 3563, 3860, 4054], 'P,': [1534, 1536, 1561, 1941, 2420, 2759, 2866, 2929, 3196, 3357, 3361, 3440, 3506, 3536, 3564, 4027, 4053, 4055], 'Taft': [1535], 'Guinea': [1537], 'Guthrie': [1539], 'Thoma': [1542], 'K:': [1543, 4158], 'Central': [1552], 'Pacific': [1553], 'Island.': [1554], '13:': [1556], '111–115,': [1557], '1977.': [1558, 3557], '45': [1559], 'Faaiuso': [1562], 'Ainuu': [1564], 'Whitehouse': [1566, 2867, 2930, 3442], 'Milne': [1568, 3507], 'DeBoer': [1571], 'rural': [1579, 2911], 'urban': [1581, 2909, 3519], 'Polynesian': [1582, 2946, 3520], 'Western': [1585, 3523], 'Samoa.': [1586, 3524], '30:': [1588, 1997, 3920], '45–51,': [1589], '46': [1591], 'AM:': [1593], 'Prevalence': [1594, 3305, 3336, 3371, 3984], 'different': [1598], 'ethnic': [1599], 'Jewish': [1600], 'groups': [1601], 'Israel.': [1603], 'Metabolism': [1604, 3069], '10:': [1605, 2179], '50–58,': [1606], '47': [1608], 'Kawate': [1609], 'Yamakido': [1611], 'Nishimoto': [1613], 'Y,': [1614, 4145, 4149], 'Japanese': [1628, 2571], 'migrants': [1629], 'island': [1632], 'Hawaii.': [1634], '2:': [1637], '161–170,': [1638], '48': [1640], 'Taylor': [1641, 3358, 3503, 4050], 'P:': [1645, 2484, 2541, 2695, 3861], 'Migrant': [1646], 'epidemiology.': [1650], 'Perspective,': [1655], 'JI': [1656], 'Mann,': [1657], 'K': [1658, 4436], 'Pyörälä,': [1659], 'Teuscher,': [1662], 'Churchill': [1664], 'Livingstone,': [1665], 'York,': [1667, 2026, 2077, 2310, 4304], '58–77.': [1670], '49': [1671], 'Aronoff': [1684, 3531], 'SL,': [1685, 3532], 'Obesity,': [1689], 'insulin': [1690, 1876, 1885, 1917, 1986, 2458, 2600, 2652, 2796, 2798, 2830, 2854, 2877, 2940, 2989, 3012, 3054, 3108, 3130, 3153, 3174, 3202, 3277, 3659, 3697, 3723, 3745, 4009], 'resistance,': [1691], 'Genetics': [1701], 'Mellitus,': [1704], 'Köbberling,': [1706], 'Tattersall,': [1709], 'Serono': [1711], 'Symposium': [1712, 2343], '47.': [1714], 'Academic': [1715, 3888, 4301], 'London,': [1717], '1982,': [1718, 2353], '243–250.': [1720], '50': [1721], 'genetic': [1737, 1773], 'evolutionary': [1739], 'considerations.': [1740], '62:': [1745], '107–114,': [1746], '1983.': [1747, 2138, 3139, 3162, 3179, 3395, 3756], '51': [1748], 'AG:': [1757], 'Gm3;': [1758, 1792], '5,': [1759, 1793], '13,': [1760, 1794], 'mellitus:': [1766, 2288, 3423, 3935], 'an': [1767, 1842, 2289, 2833], 'association': [1768, 1843, 4615], 'admixture.': [1774], 'Hum': [1777, 1807, 3433, 3828], 'Genet': [1778, 1808, 3434, 3829], '43:': [1779], '520–526,': [1780], '1988.': [1781, 2207, 2231, 2383, 2415, 2667, 2970, 3318, 3644, 3737, 3944, 4022, 4625, 4656, 4694], '52': [1782], 'DJ:': [1791], 'stated-admixture:': [1797], 'independent': [1798], 'estimates': [1799], 'admixture': [1801], '39:': [1809], '409–413,': [1810], '1986.': [1811, 1934, 2107, 3617, 3681, 4105], '53': [1812], 'WJ,': [1818, 2276], 'Mann': [1825], 'DI,': [1826], 'Johnson': [1827, 2592, 3689], 'AH,': [1828, 3835], 'Terasaki': [1830], 'PI:': [1831], 'HLA-A2': [1832], 'allele': [1845], 'frequency': [1846], 'age.': [1848], '21:': [1850, 4046], '460–463,': [1851], '54': [1853], 'Vasquez': [1858, 2324], 'Rotwein': [1860, 1940], 'PS,': [1861, 3649], 'Andreone': [1862, 1936], 'T,': [1863, 1937, 2563, 4029, 4143], 'Permutt': [1865, 1908, 1945, 1979], 'MA:': [1866, 1909, 1946, 1980], 'Polymorphism': [1867], '5′': [1870], 'flanking': [1871], 'region': [1872], 'human': [1875, 1985, 3015], 'gene:': [1877], 'non-insulin-dependent': [1880, 2099, 2286, 2808, 2994, 3241, 3608, 4131], 'concentrations,': [1886], 'treatment': [1889], 'Invest': [1896, 2813, 3025, 3114, 3136, 3159], '74:': [1897, 2814], '2129–2135,': [1898], '1984.': [1899, 2446, 2816, 3072, 3529, 4077, 4174], '55': [1900], 'Elbein': [1901, 1964], 'SC,': [1902, 1965], 'Corsetti': [1903, 1968], 'Ullrich': [1905], 'Multiple': [1910], 'restriction': [1911], 'fragment': [1912], 'length': [1913], 'polymorphism': [1914], 'receptor': [1918, 1987, 3019, 3057], 'locus:': [1919], 'highly': [1921], 'informative': [1922], 'marker': [1923], 'linkage': [1925], 'analysis.': [1926], 'Proc': [1927], 'Acad': [1929], 'Sci': [1930], 'USA': [1931], '83:': [1932], '5223–5227,': [1933], '56': [1935], 'Fajans': [1938, 1970], 'Skolnick': [1942], 'Insulin': [1947, 2766, 3235], 'gene': [1948, 1988, 3345], 'family': [1952], 'maturity-onset': [1954], 'young.': [1958, 1995], '34:': [1960, 2723], '108–114,': [1961], '57': [1963], 'Borecki': [1966], 'SS,': [1971], 'Hansen': [1972], 'AT,': [1973], 'Nerup': [1974], 'Province': [1976], 'Linkage': [1981], 'maturity': [1990], 'onset': [1991], '641–647,': [1998], '1987.': [1999, 2181, 2474, 3117, 3214, 3250, 3922, 4000], '58': [2000], 'genetics': [2004, 3937], 'RG': [2012], 'Larkins,': [2013], 'PZ': [2014], 'Zimmet,': [2015, 3886], 'DJ': [2017], 'Chisholm,': [2018], 'Elsevier': [2022, 2073, 2349], 'Science': [2023, 2074], 'Publishers,': [2024, 2075], '1989,': [2027], '489–492.': [2029], '59': [2030], 'Mellitus': [2052], 'Asia,': [2054], '1970,': [2055, 2064], 'Symposium,': [2059], 'Kobe,': [2060], 'Japan,': [2061], 'May': [2062], '24,': [2063], 'Tsuji': [2065], 'Wada': [2068], '1971,': [2078, 4243], '33–39.': [2080], '60': [2081], 'Everhart': [2082, 4599, 4631], 'JE,': [2083, 4600, 4632], 'Slaine': [2086], 'KR,': [2087, 4401], 'Duration': [2091], 'is': [2094, 2375, 3204], 'factor': [2097], '124:': [2105], '525,': [2106], '61': [2108], 'Aleck': [2113, 2160, 2185, 4552], 'KA,': [2114, 2161, 2186], 'Excessive': [2120], 'offspring': [2123, 2167, 3727], 'women': [2127, 2172], 'during': [2130, 2991, 4039, 4561], 'pregnancy.': [2131, 4428, 4562], 'N': [2132, 2409, 2661, 3611, 3731, 4134, 4473], 'Engl': [2133, 2410, 2662, 3612, 3732, 4135, 4474], '308:': [2136], '242–245': [2137], '62': [2139], 'Freinkel': [2140], 'N:': [2141, 2566], 'Banting': [2142], 'lecture': [2143], '1980:': [2144], 'Of': [2145], 'pregnancy': [2146, 4497], 'progeny.': [2148], '1023–1035,': [2151], '63': [2153], 'HR:': [2164], 'Obesity': [2165, 2226, 4007], 'diabetic': [2169, 2809, 3673, 3729, 4407, 4425], 'despite': [2173], 'normal': [2174, 3066, 3287, 3545, 3552, 3779], 'birth': [2175], 'weight.': [2176], '76–80,': [2180], '64': [2182], 'Carraher': [2189, 2321, 4700], 'MJ,': [2190, 2322, 4701], 'Congenital': [2196, 4185, 4421], 'susceptibility': [2197], 'NIDDM:': [2199], 'role': [2200], 'intrauterine': [2202], 'environment.': [2203], '37:': [2205, 2968, 4715, 4737], '622–628,': [2206], '65': [2208], 'cross-generational': [2222], 'vicious': [2223], 'cycle.': [2224], 'Weight': [2227], 'Regulation': [2228], '7:': [2229, 3137], '61–75,': [2230], '66': [2232], 'Reid': [2233, 2280], 'JM,': [2234, 3947, 4661], 'Fullmer': [2235], 'SD,': [2236], 'Pettigrew': [2237], 'KD,': [2238], 'Whedon': [2246], 'GD:': [2247, 3908], 'Nutrient': [2248], 'intake': [2249], 'women:': [2253], 'gallbladder': [2259], 'Nutr': [2264], '24:': [2265, 2779], '1281–1289,': [2266], '67': [2268], 'J:': [2281, 2934], 'Diet': [2282], 'epidemiological': [2290], 'perspective.': [2291], 'Diet,': [2293], 'Atherosclerosis,': [2296], 'G': [2297], 'Pozza,': [2298], 'P': [2299, 3885], 'Micossi,': [2300], 'AL': [2301], 'Catapano,': [2302], 'Paoletti,': [2305], 'Raven': [2307], '1984,': [2311, 3892], '109–119.': [2313], '68': [2314], 'B:': [2325, 2425, 3511], 'Longitudinal': [2326], 'Advances': [2338], 'Epidemiology,': [2341], 'INSERM': [2342], '22,': [2345], 'E': [2346], 'Eschwege,': [2347], '65–74.': [2355], '69': [2356], 'MF,': [2358, 2386, 2973], 'Transient': [2368], 'it': [2376], 'important?': [2377], 'Br': [2378, 3413], '297:': [2381], '1438–1441,': [2382], '70': [2384], 'Mott': [2393, 2590, 2626, 2792, 2980, 3183, 3268], 'DM,': [2394, 2591, 2627, 2981, 3184, 3269, 4630], 'natural': [2399, 2427], 'history': [2400, 2428], '319:': [2413, 3735], '1500–1506,': [2414], '71': [2416], 'King': [2417, 2452, 3362, 3561, 3900], 'Zimmett': [2419, 2450], 'Raper': [2421, 3366, 3501, 3566, 4056], 'Balkau': [2424, 3510, 3559], 'Micronesian': [2435, 2948, 3454, 3577], 'Nauru:': [2438], 'six-year': [2440, 4467], 'follow-up': [2441, 2515, 2544, 2579, 4468, 4647], 'study.': [2442, 2580], '39–43,': [2445], '72': [2447], 'Sicree': [2448], 'RA,': [2449], 'Z,': [2451], 'OM,': [2453], 'Coventry': [2455], 'Plasma': [2457], 'response': [2459, 2855, 2878, 2941], 'Nauruans:': [2461], 'prediction': [2462, 3766], 'deterioration': [2464], 'years.': [2470], '36:': [2472, 3212, 3248, 3998], '179–186,': [2473], '73': [2475], 'Fuller': [2480], 'McCartney': [2483, 2540], 'Worsening': [2485], 'men': [2489, 4071], '(borderline': [2494], 'diabetes).': [2495], '25–30,': [2498], '74': [2500], 'Sartor': [2501], 'G,': [2502, 2790, 2819, 3231, 3257, 3365, 4082], 'Scherstén': [2503], 'Carlström': [2505], 'Melander': [2507], 'Norden': [2509], 'Å,': [2510], 'Persson': [2512], 'G:': [2513], 'Ten-year': [2514, 3765], 'subjects': [2517, 2572, 4166], 'tolerance:': [2521, 2576], 'prevention': [2522], 'tolbutamide': [2526], 'diet': [2528], 'regulation.': [2529], '41–49,': [2532], '75': [2534], 'Bedford': [2547], 'Survey': [2548], '(1962–1972):': [2549], '73–78,': [2557], '76': [2559], 'Sasaki': [2560], 'Suzuki': [2562], 'Horiuchi': [2565], 'seven-year': [2578], '154–157,': [2583], '77': [2585], 'GC,': [2593, 3690], 'Unger': [2594], 'RH,': [2595], 'Increased': [2599, 3694, 3722, 4456], 'resistance': [2601, 3013, 3109, 3131, 3154, 3236, 3698], 'obese': [2603, 3062], 'glucose-intolerant': [2604], 'defect': [2611], 'not': [2612], 'explained': [2613], 'obesity.': [2615], 'Endocrinol': [2618, 2685], '51:': [2620], '739–743,': [2621], '78': [2623], 'Yki-Jarvinen': [2632, 3086, 3164], 'Freymond': [2634, 3224], 'D,': [2635, 3039, 3225, 3301], 'Nyomba': [2636, 3226, 3256], 'BL,': [2637], 'Zurlo': [2638, 3258], 'Swinburn': [2640, 3260], 'Bogardus': [2643, 2783, 3032, 3093, 3198, 3216, 3252, 4005], 'C:': [2644, 3094, 3199, 4006], 'Impaired': [2645, 3628], 'disorder': [2650], 'action:': [2653], 'longitudinal': [2654], 'cross-sectional': [2656], '318:': [2665], '1217–1225,': [2666], '79': [2668], 'Herbert': [2669], 'V,': [2670, 3647], 'Lau': [2671], 'Gottlieb': [2673, 3787], 'CW,': [2674, 3468], 'Bleicher': [2676], 'SJ:': [2677], 'Coated': [2678], 'charcoal': [2679], 'immunoassay': [2680], 'insulin.': [2682, 2922], '1375–1384,': [2688], '1965.': [2689], '80': [2690], 'EL,': [2692], 'Meier': [2694], 'Nonparametric': [2696], 'estimation': [2697], 'incomplete': [2699], 'observations.': [2700], 'Stat': [2703, 2720], '53:': [2705], '457–481,': [2706], '1958.': [2707], '81': [2708], 'Cox': [2709], 'DR:': [2710], 'Regression': [2711], 'models': [2712], 'life': [2714], 'tables': [2715], '(with': [2716], 'discussion).': [2717], 'Soc': [2721], 'B': [2722], '187–220,': [2724], '1972.': [2725, 4048], '82': [2726], 'Harreil': [2727], 'FE': [2728], 'PHGLM': [2731], 'procedure.': [2732], 'SUGI': [2734], 'Supplemental': [2735], "User's": [2737], 'Guide,': [2738], 'Version': [2739], 'Edition.': [2741], 'SAS': [2742], 'Cary,': [2744], 'NC,': [2745], '1986,': [2746], 'Chap.': [2747], '34,': [2748], '437–465.': [2750], '83': [2751], 'Dippe': [2754, 4251], 'SE,': [2755, 4252], 'Gorden': [2758, 3535], 'Hyperinsulinemia': [2763, 3599], 'hypoinsulinemia.': [2765], 'responses': [2767, 2831, 3660], 'oral': [2769, 2834, 2943, 3750], 'carbohydate': [2770], 'wide': [2773, 2885], 'spectrum': [2774], '362–368,': [2780], '1975.': [2781], '84': [2782], 'C,': [2784, 3033, 3217, 3253, 3837, 3903, 4114, 4118, 4417], 'Reaven': [2789, 2818, 3230], 'Relationships': [2794], 'secretion,': [2797], 'action,': [2799], 'plasma': [2802, 2921, 2939, 3481], 'nondiabetic': [2806, 3700, 3726], 'subjects.': [2810, 2949, 3677], '1238–1246,': [2815], '85': [2817], 'R:': [2822], 'load': [2836, 3664], 'man.': [2838, 3111, 4044], '560–569,': [2841], '86': [2843], 'Welborn': [2844], 'Stenhouse': [2846], 'NS,': [2847], 'Johnston': [2849], 'Factors': [2851, 3568], 'determining': [2852], 'serum': [2853, 2988], 'sample.': [2859], '5:': [2861], '263–266,': [2862], '1969.': [2863, 4198], '87': [2864], 'Alford': [2869], 'Chisholm': [2872], 'stimulus': [2882], 'range': [2886], '15:': [2891, 4410], '23–27,': [2892], '88': [2894], 'Martin': [2895], 'FIR,': [2896], 'Wyatt': [2897], 'GB,': [2898], 'Griew': [2899], 'AR,': [2900], 'Haurahelia': [2901], 'Higginbotham': [2904], 'L:': [2905, 3234, 4121], 'communities': [2912], 'Papua,': [2914], 'Guinea:': [2916], '369–374,': [2925], '89': [2927], 'Kiss': [2933], 'Ethnic': [2935], 'variability': [2936], '624–628,': [2952], '90': [2954], 'DeFronzo': [2955], 'RA:': [2956], 'triumvirate:': [2958], 'B-cell,': [2959], 'muscle,': [2960], 'liver.': [2961], 'collusion': [2963], 'responsible': [2964], 'NIDDM.': [2966, 4645, 4713, 4735], '667–687,': [2969], '91': [2971], 'Sequential': [2985], 'changes': [2986], 'concentration': [2990], 'i:': [2997], '1356–1359,': [2998], '92': [3000], 'Kolterman': [3001, 3121], 'OG,': [3002, 3122], 'Insel': [3003], 'Saekow': [3005], 'Olefsky': [3008, 3126], 'JM:': [3009], 'Mechanisms': [3010, 3128], 'obesity:': [3016], 'post-receptor': [3021, 3059], 'defects.': [3022], '65:': [3026], '1272–1284,': [3027], '93': [3029], 'Kashiwagi': [3030], 'Huecksteadt': [3036], 'TP,': [3037], 'Brady': [3038], 'Verso': [3040], 'MA,': [3041], 'Foley': [3043, 3220], 'JE:': [3044], 'vitro': [3046], 'insensitivity': [3047], 'tranpsort': [3050], 'antilipolysis': [3052], 'due': [3055], 'abnormalities': [3060], '33:': [3070, 3353], '772–777,': [3071], '94': [3073], 'Young': [3076, 3187], 'AA,': [3077, 3188], 'Cutler': [3078], 'Ivy': [3080], 'JL,': [3081, 3624, 3974], 'Abbott': [3082, 3189], 'WGH,': [3083, 3190], 'Zawadzki': [3084, 3185], 'HJ,': [3087], 'Christian': [3088], 'Secomb': [3090], 'TW,': [3091], 'Skeletal': [3095], 'muscle': [3096], 'capillary': [3097], 'density': [3098], 'fiber': [3100], 'are': [3102], 'possible': [3103], 'determinants': [3104], 'vivo': [3107, 3201, 3276, 3696], '80:': [3115], '415–424,': [3116], '95': [3118], 'Fink': [3119], 'RI,': [3120], 'Griffin': [3123], 'JF:': [3127], 'aging.': [3133, 3156], '1523–1535,': [3138], '96': [3140], 'Rowe': [3141], 'JW,': [3142], 'Minaker': [3143], 'KL,': [3144], 'Pallota': [3145], 'JA,': [3146, 3595, 4310, 4382, 4634, 4722], 'Flier': [3148], 'Characterization': [3150], '71:': [3160], '1581–1587,': [3161], '97': [3163], 'Koivisto': [3167], 'VA:': [3168], 'Effects': [3169], 'body': [3171], 'composition': [3172], 'sensitivity.': [3175], '32:': [3177, 3754], '965–969,': [3178], '98': [3180], 'JK,': [3186], 'Moll': [3195], 'action': [3203, 3278], 'familial': [3205], 'characteristic': [3206], 'non-diabetic': [3208], '1329–1335,': [3213], '99': [3215], 'Christin': [3222], 'Salans': [3233], 'predicts': [3237], '47A,': [3249], '100': [3251], 'Esposito-DelPuente': [3262], 'Ravussin': [3266], 'E,': [3267, 4116], 'mixture': [3284], '38:': [3290, 3497, 3783], '1423–1432,': [3291], '101': [3293], 'Schraer': [3294], 'CD,': [3295, 4671], 'Lanier': [3296], 'AP,': [3297], 'Boyko': [3298], 'Gohdes': [3300, 4629], 'Murphy': [3303], 'NJ:': [3304], 'Alaskan': [3309], 'Eskimos,': [3310], 'Aleuts.': [3313], '11:': [3316, 3642, 4654], '693–700,': [3317], '102': [3319], 'Gardner': [3320], 'LI': [3321], 'Jr.,': [3322], 'Stern': [3323, 3465, 3590, 3713], 'MP,': [3324, 3466, 3591, 3714, 4522], 'Haffner': [3325, 3469, 3588, 3711], 'SM,': [3326, 3470, 3589, 3712, 4673], 'Gaskill': [3327], 'SP,': [3328], 'Hazuda': [3329, 3471, 3592, 3715], 'HP,': [3330, 3472, 3593, 3716], 'Relethford': [3331], 'Eitler': [3334, 3467], 'CW:': [3335], 'Mexican-Americans:': [3340], 'percent': [3343], 'pool': [3346], 'derived': [3347], 'sources.': [3351], '86–92.': [3354], '103': [3355], 'Ram': [3360, 4052], 'Sloman': [3364], 'LR,': [3367, 3502, 4057], 'Hunt': [3369], 'biracial': [3380], '(Melanesian': [3381], 'Indian)': [3383], 'Fiji:': [3386], 'rural-urban': [3388], 'comparison.': [3389], '118:': [3393], '673–688,': [3394], '104': [3396], 'Mather': [3397], 'HM,': [3398], 'Southall': [3403], 'survey:': [3405], 'Asians': [3410], 'Europeans.': [3412], '291:': [3416], '1081–1084,': [3417], '105': [3419], 'Neel': [3420], 'JV:': [3421], '"thrifty"': [3425], 'genotype': [3426], 'rendered': [3427], 'detrimental': [3428], '"progress"?': [3430], '14:': [3435], '353–362,': [3436], '106': [3438], 'S:': [3443], 'distributions': [3451, 3516], '27:': [3457, 4075], '793–800,': [3458], '107': [3460], 'Rosenthal': [3461], 'McMahan': [3463], 'CS,': [3464], 'Franco': [3474], 'LJ:': [3475], 'Evidence': [3476], 'Mexican': [3485], 'San': [3490], 'Antonio': [3491], 'Heart': [3492], 'Study.': [3493], 'Chronic': [3495], 'Dis': [3496], '5–16,': [3498], '108': [3500], 'Res': [3526], '1:': [3527], '1–8,': [3528], '109': [3530], 'Unexplained': [3542], 'hyperinsulinemia': [3543, 3770], '"prediabetic"': [3547], 'compared': [3550, 3703, 4099], 'Caucasians.': [3553, 3705], '827–840,': [3556], '110': [3558], 'LR:': [3567], 'associated': [3569], 'Nauru.': [3580], '122:': [3584], '594–605,': [3585], '111': [3587], 'Pugh': [3594], 'Patterson': [3597, 3720], 'JK:': [3598, 3721], '315:': [3615], '220–224,': [3616], '112': [3618], "O'Dea": [3619], 'Trainedes': [3621], 'Hopper': [3623], 'Larkins': [3626], 'tolerance,': [3630], 'hyperinsulinemia,': [3631], 'hypertriglyceridemia': [3633], 'Australian': [3635], 'Aborigines': [3636], 'desert.': [3639], '23–29,': [3643], '113': [3645], 'Mohan': [3646], 'Sharp': [3648], 'Cloke': [3650], 'Schumer': [3652], 'Kohner': [3655], 'Serum': [3657, 3744], 'immunoreactive': [3658], 'Asian': [3666], 'European': [3669], 'patients': [3674], 'control': [3676], '235–237,': [3680], '114': [3682], '31:': [3707, 3942, 4623, 4692], '952–956,': [3708], '115': [3710], 'Mitchell': [3717], 'BD,': [3718], 'parents.': [3730], '1297–1301,': [3736], '116': [3738], 'predict': [3747], 'change': [3748], '46A,': [3755], '117': [3757], 'children': [3777], '92A,': [3784], '118': [3786], 'MS,': [3788], 'Root': [3790], 'HF:': [3791], 'twins.': [3795, 3918], '693–704,': [3798], '119': [3800], 'Namboodiri': [3803], 'KK,': [3804], 'Nino': [3805], 'HH,': [3806], 'Pollitzer': [3808], 'WS:': [3809], 'urine': [3814], 'Seminole': [3817], 'indications': [3819], 'segregation': [3821], 'major': [3824, 3869], 'gene.': [3825, 3870], '13–34,': [3831], '120': [3833], 'Barnett': [3834], 'Eff': [3836], 'Leslie': [3838], 'RDG,': [3839], 'Pyke': [3841], 'DA:': [3842], 'identical': [3845], 'twins:': [3846], '200': [3850], 'pairs.': [3851], '87–93,': [3854], '121': [3856], 'Serjeantson': [3857], 'Pacific:': [3865], 'Recent': [3874, 4293], 'Knowledge': [3875], 'Aetiology,': [3877], 'Complications': [3878], 'Treatment,': [3880], 'Baba,': [3882], 'MK': [3883], 'Gould,': [3884], 'Sydney,': [3890], 'Australia,': [3891], '23–30.': [3894], '122': [3895], 'Newman': [3896, 4660], 'Selby': [3898], 'JV,': [3899], 'MC,': [3901], 'Slemenda': [3902], 'Fabsitz': [3904], 'Friedman': [3907], 'Concordance': [3909], 'male': [3917], '763–768,': [3921], '123': [3923], "O'Rahilly": [3924], 'Wainscoat': [3926], 'JS,': [3927], 'Type': [3931], 'old': [3939], 'nightmares.': [3940], '407–414,': [3943], '124': [3945], 'Stanhope': [3946], 'IAM:': [3950], 'Tokelau': [3952], 'Island': [3953], 'migrant': [3954], 'study:': [3955], 'NZ': [3962], '92:': [3965], '417–421,': [3966], '125': [3968], 'Fujimoto': [3969], 'WY,': [3970], 'Leonetti': [3971], 'DL,': [3972], 'Kinyoun': [3973], 'Newell-Morris': [3975], 'Shuman': [3977], 'WP,': [3978], 'Stolov': [3979], 'Wahl': [3982], 'PW:': [3983], 'second': [3993], 'generation': [3994], 'Japanese-American': [3995], 'men.': [3996], '721–729,': [3999], '126': [4001], 'resistance:': [4010], 'lessons': [4011], 'learned': [4012], 'Rev': [4019], '4:': [4020], '517–540,': [4021], '127': [4023], 'Lipman': [4024], 'RL,': [4025], 'Raskin': [4026], 'Love': [4028], 'Triebasser': [4030], 'Lecocque': [4032], 'FR,': [4033], 'Schnure': [4035], 'JJ:': [4036], 'Glucose': [4037], 'intolerance': [4038], 'decreased': [4040], 'physical': [4041], 'activity': [4042, 4062], '101–107,': [4047], '128': [4049], 'Ringrose': [4059], 'Physical': [4061], 'Melanesian': [4068], 'Fiji.': [4073], '578–582,': [4076], '129': [4078], 'Frisch': [4079], 'RE,': [4080], 'Wyshak': [4081], 'Albright': [4083, 4085], 'TE,': [4084], 'NL,': [4086], 'Schiff': [4088], 'I:': [4089], 'Lower': [4090], 'female': [4095], 'former': [4096], 'college': [4097], 'athletes': [4098], 'nonathletes.': [4101], '1101–1105,': [4104], '130': [4106], 'Eriksson': [4107], 'Franssila-Kallunki': [4109], 'Ekstrand': [4111], 'Saloranta': [4113], 'Widén': [4115], 'Schalin': [4117], 'Groop': [4120], 'metabolic': [4123], 'defects': [4124], 'persons': [4126], 'increased': [4128], '321:': [4138], '337–343,': [4139], '131': [4141], 'Kadowaki': [4142], 'Miyake': [4144], 'Hagura': [4146], 'Aanuma': [4148], 'Kajinuma': [4150], 'Kuzuya': [4152], 'Takaku': [4154], 'Kosaka': [4157], 'Risk': [4159], 'worsening': [4162], '44–49,': [4173], '132': [4175], 'Comess': [4176], 'LJ,': [4177], 'anomalies': [4186, 4422], '471–477,': [4197], '133': [4199], 'LeCompte': [4209, 4256, 4282], 'PM:': [4210, 4257, 4283], 'specific': [4214], 'retinal': [4215], 'renal': [4217, 4680], 'Reports': [4226], 'Therapy': [4230], 'Especially': [4231], 'HB': [4233], '419,': [4234], '7th': [4235], '1970.': [4238], 'Medica': [4240], 'Foundation,': [4241], '20–25.': [4245], '134': [4246], 'Kamenetzky': [4247], 'SA,': [4248], 'histologic': [4261], 'nephropathy': [4265], '61–68,': [4272], '135': [4274], 'Progress': [4294], 'Hormone': [4296], 'Research,': [4297], 'RO': [4298], 'Greep,': [4299], '1976,': [4305], '333–376.': [4307], '136': [4308], 'Ingelfinger': [4309], 'Liebow': [4313], 'IM,': [4314], 'Coronary': [4318], 'heart': [4319], 'disease': [4320, 4681], 'electrocardiographic': [4325], 'findings': [4326], 'postmortem': [4328], 'myocardial': [4331], 'infarction': [4332], '561–565,': [4345], '137': [4347], 'epidemiology': [4351], '6th': [4368], 'Asia': [4369], 'Oceania': [4371], 'Endocrinology,': [4374], 'Vol.': [4375], '2,': [4376], 'Seng': [4377], 'Pin': [4379], 'Tambyah': [4381], 'Shanumgartnam': [4383], 'Boon': [4385], 'PYP,': [4386], 'Ark': [4387], 'CNS,': [4388], 'Foo': [4389], 'KNK,': [4390], 'Tau': [4391], 'NT,': [4392], 'Eds,': [4393], '1978,': [4394], '480–483.': [4396], '138': [4397], 'Siperstein': [4398], 'MD,': [4399], 'Feingold': [4400], 'microangiopathy.': [4408], '365–367,': [4411], '139': [4413], 'prediabetic': [4427], 'Pregnancy': [4430], 'Metabolism,': [4431], 'Fetus,': [4435], 'Elliott,': [4437], 'M': [4439, 4535], "O'Connor,": [4440], '207–255.': [4447], '140': [4448], 'EJ:': [4455], 'diabetics': [4461], 'elevated': [4463], 'pressure:': [4465], '303:': [4477], '523,': [4478], '141': [4480], 'Gestational': [4490, 4554], 'infant': [4492], 'maternal': [4494], 'third': [4501], 'trimester': [4502], '3:': [4511], '458–464,': [4512], '142': [4514], 'Davis': [4521], 'atherosclerosis': [4530], 'Sinai': [4536], '49:': [4539], '169–175,': [4540], '143': [4542], 'KA:': [4553], '(Suppl': [4565], '2):': [4566], '119–122,': [4567], '144': [4569], 'Schwab': [4570], 'Dawson': [4572], 'CR,': [4573], 'Hoshiwara': [4574], 'Szuter': [4576], 'CF,': [4577], 'cataract': [4583], 'extraction': [4584], 'factor.': [4592], 'Arch': [4593], 'Ophthalmol': [4594], '103:': [4595], '208–212,': [4596], '145': [4598], 'Rose': [4605], 'FA,': [4606], 'Medial': [4610], 'arterial': [4611], 'calcification': [4612], 'mortality': [4617, 4711], '16–23,': [4624], '146': [4626], 'Hartner': [4633], 'Zwemer': [4635], 'FL,': [4636], 'Lower-extremity': [4642], 'amputations': [4643], '12-yr': [4646], '9–16,': [4655], '147': [4657], 'Moffett': [4670], 'Teutsch': [4672], 'end-stage': [4679], '730–736,': [4693], '148': [4695], 'Effect': [4707], '1499–1504,': [4716], '1988': [4717], '149': [4718], 'Wolfe': [4721], 'Horton': [4723], 'MB,': [4724], 'Proliferative': [4732], '435–440,': [4738], 'Citing': [4740], 'Literature': [4741], 'Volume6,': [4742], 'Issue1February': [4743], '1990Pages': [4744], 'ReferencesRelatedInformation': [4746]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020734415', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 15}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-29T17:45:31.533473', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
Publication Information

Basic Information

Access and Citation

AI Researcher Chatbot

Primary Location

Authors

Topics

Keywords

Related Works
