Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2019763774', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00564-2', 'title': 'Recent advances in betalain research', 'display_name': 'Recent advances in betalain research', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2019763774', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00564-2', 'mag': '2019763774', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12620337'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00564-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S88226677', 'display_name': 'Phytochemistry', 'issn_l': '0031-9422', 'issn': ['0031-9422', '1873-3700'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080419008', 'display_name': 'Dieter Strack', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I96578850', 'display_name': 'Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zwmgk08', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I96578850']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dieter Strack', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Abteilung Sekundärstoffwechsel, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Abteilung Sekundärstoffwechsel, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I96578850']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101525387', 'display_name': 'Thomas Vogt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6155-3360'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I96578850', 'display_name': 'Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zwmgk08', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I96578850']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas Vogt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Abteilung Sekundärstoffwechsel, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Abteilung Sekundärstoffwechsel, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I96578850']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022479076', 'display_name': 'Willibald Schliemann', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I96578850', 'display_name': 'Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zwmgk08', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I96578850']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Willibald Schliemann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Abteilung Sekundärstoffwechsel, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Abteilung Sekundärstoffwechsel, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I96578850']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4150, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4150, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.24, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 791, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.98773, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '62', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '247', 'last_page': '269'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12330', 'display_name': 'Betalains in Nutrition', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12330', 'display_name': 'Betalains in Nutrition', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13124', 'display_name': 'Chemistry and Pharmacology of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids', 'score': 0.9528, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12832', 'display_name': 'Biological Soil Crusts and their Roles in Ecosystems', 'score': 0.9156, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/betalain', 'display_name': 'Betalain', 'score': 0.9958075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/betalains', 'display_name': 'Betalains', 'score': 0.543558}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779146885', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423717', 'display_name': 'Betalain', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9958075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778945092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262547', 'display_name': 'Anthocyanin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49548876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C553450214', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851162', 'display_name': 'Biosynthesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48362032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46786168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43210974}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39930874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39031154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2945153}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64584667', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161179', 'display_name': 'Pigment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17060447}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11324826}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D029748', 'descriptor_name': 'Caryophyllaceae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029748', 'descriptor_name': 'Caryophyllaceae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005656', 'descriptor_name': 'Fungal Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000644', 'descriptor_name': 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000644', 'descriptor_name': 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000217', 'descriptor_name': 'Acyltransferases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000217', 'descriptor_name': 'Acyltransferases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000545', 'descriptor_name': 'Amanita', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000545', 'descriptor_name': 'Amanita', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D050858', 'descriptor_name': 'Betalains', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029748', 'descriptor_name': 'Caryophyllaceae', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004296', 'descriptor_name': 'Dopa Decarboxylase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004296', 'descriptor_name': 'Dopa Decarboxylase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005964', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosyltransferases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005964', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosyltransferases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005964', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosyltransferases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014442', 'descriptor_name': 'Monophenol Monooxygenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014442', 'descriptor_name': 'Monophenol Monooxygenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010105', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxygenases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010105', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxygenases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010802', 'descriptor_name': 'Phylogeny', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000644', 'descriptor_name': 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00564-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S88226677', 'display_name': 'Phytochemistry', 'issn_l': '0031-9422', 'issn': ['0031-9422', '1873-3700'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12620337', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'score': 0.5, 'display_name': 'Zero hunger'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 108, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1528122668', 'https://openalex.org/W1557448318', 'https://openalex.org/W1575355375', 'https://openalex.org/W1608500124', 'https://openalex.org/W1836021846', 'https://openalex.org/W1964526456', 'https://openalex.org/W1964749912', 'https://openalex.org/W1965101291', 'https://openalex.org/W196589094', 'https://openalex.org/W1965956999', 'https://openalex.org/W1969692249', 'https://openalex.org/W1973182096', 'https://openalex.org/W1973877510', 'https://openalex.org/W1980897862', 'https://openalex.org/W1983027159', 'https://openalex.org/W1983958951', 'https://openalex.org/W1984150703', 'https://openalex.org/W1984749911', 'https://openalex.org/W1986349634', 'https://openalex.org/W1989109407', 'https://openalex.org/W1989251369', 'https://openalex.org/W1990207658', 'https://openalex.org/W1991121937', 'https://openalex.org/W1991306323', 'https://openalex.org/W1991913443', 'https://openalex.org/W1992389997', 'https://openalex.org/W1995128264', 'https://openalex.org/W1996937913', 'https://openalex.org/W1998122904', 'https://openalex.org/W2004266231', 'https://openalex.org/W2005808329', 'https://openalex.org/W2012160723', 'https://openalex.org/W2013646420', 'https://openalex.org/W2014657249', 'https://openalex.org/W2018481198', 'https://openalex.org/W2019951676', 'https://openalex.org/W2023513621', 'https://openalex.org/W2029534114', 'https://openalex.org/W2032282841', 'https://openalex.org/W2033519868', 'https://openalex.org/W2034639582', 'https://openalex.org/W2037526800', 'https://openalex.org/W2040399576', 'https://openalex.org/W2043367362', 'https://openalex.org/W2044872391', 'https://openalex.org/W2049931058', 'https://openalex.org/W2049982231', 'https://openalex.org/W2050212456', 'https://openalex.org/W2050623845', 'https://openalex.org/W2051850906', 'https://openalex.org/W2051938962', 'https://openalex.org/W2053464618', 'https://openalex.org/W2054236188', 'https://openalex.org/W2054448785', 'https://openalex.org/W2054457636', 'https://openalex.org/W2058630833', 'https://openalex.org/W2059389664', 'https://openalex.org/W2059732882', 'https://openalex.org/W2068775665', 'https://openalex.org/W2073148907', 'https://openalex.org/W2077790072', 'https://openalex.org/W2079682463', 'https://openalex.org/W2080725682', 'https://openalex.org/W2080955963', 'https://openalex.org/W2081829676', 'https://openalex.org/W2087974595', 'https://openalex.org/W2088264727', 'https://openalex.org/W2089792657', 'https://openalex.org/W2091362485', 'https://openalex.org/W2093312690', 'https://openalex.org/W2094670416', 'https://openalex.org/W2094859076', 'https://openalex.org/W2103485370', 'https://openalex.org/W2104888949', 'https://openalex.org/W2104931141', 'https://openalex.org/W2106882534', 'https://openalex.org/W2108570171', 'https://openalex.org/W2109619644', 'https://openalex.org/W2118321902', 'https://openalex.org/W2125858923', 'https://openalex.org/W2126892538', 'https://openalex.org/W2131204187', 'https://openalex.org/W2137872722', 'https://openalex.org/W2140172549', 'https://openalex.org/W2142289831', 'https://openalex.org/W2150917414', 'https://openalex.org/W2152842413', 'https://openalex.org/W2161097636', 'https://openalex.org/W2164077352', 'https://openalex.org/W2164100233', 'https://openalex.org/W2166180951', 'https://openalex.org/W2166548441', 'https://openalex.org/W2210862759', 'https://openalex.org/W2215023138', 'https://openalex.org/W2248700370', 'https://openalex.org/W2314721472', 'https://openalex.org/W2326144602', 'https://openalex.org/W2350002503', 'https://openalex.org/W2408924666', 'https://openalex.org/W2411751297', 'https://openalex.org/W2500264919', 'https://openalex.org/W2724228702', 'https://openalex.org/W2938646999', 'https://openalex.org/W2949975424', 'https://openalex.org/W3035794958', 'https://openalex.org/W4211180628', 'https://openalex.org/W658677539', 'https://openalex.org/W67410525'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3023304057', 'https://openalex.org/W3015024246', 'https://openalex.org/W2932320459', 'https://openalex.org/W2921537903', 'https://openalex.org/W2524042613', 'https://openalex.org/W2237543337', 'https://openalex.org/W2135792784', 'https://openalex.org/W2019763774', 'https://openalex.org/W2008805955', 'https://openalex.org/W1999435813'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Betalains': [0, 173], 'replace': [1], 'the': [2, 14, 26, 63, 111, 133, 142, 155, 160, 164], 'anthocyanins': [3], 'in': [4, 21, 31, 40, 68, 73, 91, 99, 136, 154, 177], 'flowers': [5], 'and': [6, 33, 93, 95, 149, 163, 187, 190], 'fruits': [7], 'of': [8, 10, 13, 29, 46, 56, 83, 113, 141, 159, 181], 'plants': [9, 92], 'most': [11, 168], 'families': [12], 'Caryophyllales.': [15], 'Unexpectedly,': [16], 'they': [17], 'were': [18], 'also': [19, 79], 'found': [20, 131], 'some': [22, 84], 'higher': [23], 'fungi.': [24, 100], 'Whereas': [25], 'anthocyanin-analogous': [27], 'functions': [28], 'betalains': [30, 49], 'flower': [32], 'fruit': [34], 'colouration': [35], 'are': [36, 123, 167], 'obvious,': [37], 'their': [38, 182, 188], 'role': [39], 'fungi': [41, 94], 'remains': [42], 'obscure.': [43], 'The': [44], 'nature': [45], 'newly': [47], 'identified': [48], 'as': [50, 52], 'well': [51], 'final': [53], 'structure': [54], 'elucidation': [55], 'earlier': [57], 'putatively': [58], 'described': [59], 'compounds': [60], 'published': [61], 'within': [62], 'last': [64], 'decade': [65], 'is': [66, 78, 118], 'compiled': [67], 'this': [69], 'report.': [70], 'Recent': [71], 'advances': [72], 'research': [74], 'on': [75, 102], 'betalain': [76, 137, 143], 'biosynthesis': [77], 'covered,': [80], 'including': [81], 'description': [82], '‘early’': [85], 'reactions,': [86], 'i.e.': [87, 139], 'betalain-specific': [88, 103], 'dopa': [89, 97], 'formation': [90, 158], 'extradiolic': [96], 'cleavage': [98], 'Work': [101], 'glucosyltransferases': [104], '(GTs)': [105], 'has': [106], 'given': [107], 'new': [108], 'insights': [109], 'into': [110], 'evolution': [112], 'secondary': [114], 'plant': [115], 'enzymes.': [116], 'It': [117, 129], 'proposed': [119], 'that': [120, 132], 'these': [121], 'GTs': [122], 'phylogenetically': [124], 'related': [125], 'to': [126, 170], 'flavonoid': [127], 'GTs.': [128], 'was': [130], 'decisive': [134], 'steps': [135], 'biosynthesis,': [138], 'condensation': [140], 'chromophore': [144], 'betalamic': [145], 'acid': [146], 'with': [147], 'cyclo-dopa': [148], 'amino': [150], 'acids': [151], 'or': [152], 'amines': [153], 'respective': [156], 'aldimine': [157], 'red-violet': [161], 'betacyanins': [162], 'yellow': [165], 'betaxanthins,': [166], 'likely': [169], 'be': [171], 'non-enzymatic.': [172], 'have': [174], 'attracted': [175], 'workers': [176], 'applied': [178], 'fields': [179], 'because': [180], 'use': [183], 'for': [184, 194], 'food': [185], 'colouring': [186], 'antioxidant': [189], 'radical': [191], 'scavenging': [192], 'properties': [193], 'protection': [195], 'against': [196], 'certain': [197], 'oxidative': [198], 'stress-related': [199], 'disorders.': [200]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019763774', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 59}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 65}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 57}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 53}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 49}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 52}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 36}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T12:52:51.533689', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}