Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2019189341', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401', 'title': 'Corresponding dose response of radiographic film with layered Gafchromic film', 'display_name': 'Corresponding dose response of radiographic film with layered Gafchromic film', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-10-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2019189341', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401', 'mag': '2019189341', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12476987'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S20241394', 'display_name': 'Physics in Medicine and Biology', 'issn_l': '0031-9155', 'issn': ['0031-9155', '1361-6560'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003240891', 'display_name': 'Martin J Butson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-253X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091629', 'display_name': 'Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00dt9qb91', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091629']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I168719708', 'display_name': 'City University of Hong Kong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03q8dnn23', 'country_code': 'HK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I168719708']}], 'countries': ['AU', 'HK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Martin J Butson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong', 'Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Medical Physics, Crown Street, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Department of Medical Physics, Crown Street, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091629']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I168719708']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108509558', 'display_name': 'Tsang Cheung', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I168719708', 'display_name': 'City University of Hong Kong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03q8dnn23', 'country_code': 'HK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I168719708']}], 'countries': ['HK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tsang Cheung', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I168719708']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107340742', 'display_name': 'K.N. Yu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1669-5348'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I168719708', 'display_name': 'City University of Hong Kong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03q8dnn23', 'country_code': 'HK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I168719708']}], 'countries': ['HK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter K N Yu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I168719708']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.292, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 30, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.816212, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '47', 'issue': '22', 'first_page': 'N285', 'last_page': 'N289'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10358', 'display_name': 'Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10358', 'display_name': 'Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11361', 'display_name': 'Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging', 'score': 0.9931, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10844', 'display_name': 'Radiation Dose and Imaging', 'score': 0.989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.73124677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2989005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963', 'display_name': 'Nuclear medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51498276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36454342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341', 'display_name': 'Radiography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48355147}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.469792}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6260449', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364', 'display_name': 'Wavelength', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4602017}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779227376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497', 'display_name': 'Layer (electronics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4116076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26383364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1811581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1653958}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11789209}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.076542854}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004307', 'descriptor_name': 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019544', 'descriptor_name': 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005373', 'descriptor_name': 'Film Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008422', 'descriptor_name': 'Materials Testing', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011880', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011882', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy, High-Energy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019544', 'descriptor_name': 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005373', 'descriptor_name': 'Film Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005373', 'descriptor_name': 'Film Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005373', 'descriptor_name': 'Film Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008422', 'descriptor_name': 'Materials Testing', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019047', 'descriptor_name': 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011786', 'descriptor_name': 'Quality Control', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011880', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011882', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy, High-Energy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015203', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproducibility of Results', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012680', 'descriptor_name': 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S20241394', 'display_name': 'Physics in Medicine and Biology', 'issn_l': '0031-9155', 'issn': ['0031-9155', '1361-6560'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.716.9099', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.cityu.edu.hk/ap/nru/pub_j70.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12476987', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/22/401/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S20241394', 'display_name': 'Physics in Medicine and Biology', 'issn_l': '0031-9155', 'issn': ['0031-9155', '1361-6560'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.91}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 7, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1987040125', 'https://openalex.org/W1991288361', 'https://openalex.org/W2034939338', 'https://openalex.org/W2064791074', 'https://openalex.org/W2074800095', 'https://openalex.org/W2084929474', 'https://openalex.org/W2166698761'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W609884419', 'https://openalex.org/W2468396973', 'https://openalex.org/W2416044114', 'https://openalex.org/W2363602550', 'https://openalex.org/W2343555111', 'https://openalex.org/W2187699143', 'https://openalex.org/W2074789357', 'https://openalex.org/W2052024821', 'https://openalex.org/W2020619847', 'https://openalex.org/W1976981864'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'note': [1], 'investigates': [2], 'the': [3, 35, 65, 81, 112], 'dose': [4, 26, 88, 107], 'response': [5, 27, 66, 89, 108, 135], 'of': [6, 20, 51, 90, 133], 'layered': [7], 'HS': [8, 21, 96, 115], 'Gafchromic': [9, 23], 'film': [10, 24, 31], 'compared': [11], 'to': [12, 57, 69, 75, 104, 126], 'Kodak': [13], 'EDR-2': [14, 30, 44, 101], 'radiographic': [15], 'film.': [16, 102], 'Using': [17], 'five': [18, 94, 113], 'layers': [19], 'type': [22], 'a': [25, 48, 86, 130], 'greater': [28], 'than': [29], 'is': [32, 55, 110, 136], 'achieved': [33], 'at': [34], 'peak': [36], 'wavelength': [37], '(0.55': [38], 'OD/Gy': [39, 42, 72, 92, 99], 'versus': [40], '0.3': [41], 'for': [43, 93, 100, 138], 'film).': [45], 'Even': [46], 'over': [47, 80], 'broader': [49], 'waveband': [50], '30': [52], 'nm,': [53], 'which': [54], 'similar': [56], 'that': [58, 109], 'found': [59, 68], 'in': [60, 119], 'ultra': [61], 'bright': [62], 'LED': [63], 'scanners,': [64], 'was': [67], 'be': [70, 117], '0.38': [71], 'as': [73], 'opposed': [74], '0.29': [76, 98], 'OD/Gy.': [77], 'Measurements': [78], 'averaged': [79], 'entire': [82], 'visible': [83], 'spectrum': [84], 'produce': [85], 'relative': [87], '0.165': [91], 'layer': [95, 114], 'and': [97, 129], 'Due': [103], 'this': [105], 'high': [106], 'achievable,': [111], 'could': [116], 'used': [118], 'applications': [120], 'where': [121], 'small': [122], 'doses': [123], 'are': [124], 'delivered': [125], 'certain': [127], 'areas': [128], 'low': [131], 'dependence': [132], 'energy': [134], 'required': [137], 'measurement.': [139]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019189341', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T19:05:36.039843', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}