Selective Disruption of Lysosomes in HeLa Cells Triggers Apoptosis Mediated by Cleavage of Bid by Multiple Papain-like Lysosomal Cathepsins

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Tina Cirman; Kristina Orešić; Gabriela Droga Mazovec; Vito Türk; John C. Reed; R Myers; Guy S. Salvesen; Boris Turk
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'https://openalex.org/W2020949076', 'https://openalex.org/W2026167307', 'https://openalex.org/W2026211921', 'https://openalex.org/W2029797799', 'https://openalex.org/W2034530432', 'https://openalex.org/W2034915619', 'https://openalex.org/W2035849683', 'https://openalex.org/W2035917752', 'https://openalex.org/W2036243377', 'https://openalex.org/W2037030307', 'https://openalex.org/W2040810776', 'https://openalex.org/W2044247344', 'https://openalex.org/W2051658957', 'https://openalex.org/W2061136867', 'https://openalex.org/W2062853648', 'https://openalex.org/W2070764343', 'https://openalex.org/W2071449756', 'https://openalex.org/W2076107014', 'https://openalex.org/W2076296181', 'https://openalex.org/W2078119844', 'https://openalex.org/W2083944684', 'https://openalex.org/W2087030184', 'https://openalex.org/W2087261949', 'https://openalex.org/W2089627345', 'https://openalex.org/W2091483784', 'https://openalex.org/W2092884999', 'https://openalex.org/W2094148780', 'https://openalex.org/W2097880240', 'https://openalex.org/W2103699489', 'https://openalex.org/W2103700658', 'https://openalex.org/W2110077740', 'https://openalex.org/W2115596765', 'https://openalex.org/W2122826329', 'https://openalex.org/W2122857482', 'https://openalex.org/W2134158036', 'https://openalex.org/W2134388096', 'https://openalex.org/W2135233980', 'https://openalex.org/W2142120946', 'https://openalex.org/W2161275159', 'https://openalex.org/W2162560719', 'https://openalex.org/W2325862576', 'https://openalex.org/W2328267773', 'https://openalex.org/W2400119641', 'https://openalex.org/W2475243970', 'https://openalex.org/W4240361153', 'https://openalex.org/W4242753571', 'https://openalex.org/W637071690'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2410154757', 'https://openalex.org/W2368414678', 'https://openalex.org/W2158817072', 'https://openalex.org/W2113007991', 'https://openalex.org/W2099942617', 'https://openalex.org/W2042034369', 'https://openalex.org/W2034797808', 'https://openalex.org/W2013314062', 'https://openalex.org/W2009049031', 'https://openalex.org/W1837500998'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Increasing': [0, 171], 'evidence': [1, 172, 762], 'suggests': [2, 173, 763], 'that': [3, 20, 89, 105, 174, 191, 260, 276, 372, 1042, 1424, 2158, 2758, 3151, 3837, 3883, 3944, 4005, 4182, 4217, 4276, 4360], 'lysosomal': [4, 35, 58, 169, 175, 206, 229, 340, 687, 767, 962, 1300, 1364, 1386, 1432, 2508, 2564, 2602, 2652, 2713, 2813, 3377, 3400, 3895, 4050, 4244, 4330, 4341], 'proteases': [5, 36, 59, 176, 207, 230, 371, 688, 768, 963, 1387, 1433, 3896, 4051], 'are': [6, 177, 480, 842, 964, 3885, 3947, 4279], 'actively': [7, 178], 'involved': [8, 179, 854, 1253], 'in': [9, 29, 92, 150, 180, 200, 263, 321, 374, 379, 390, 398, 404, 769, 785, 855, 1049, 1101, 1111, 1429, 1831, 1847, 1862, 1899, 1934, 2042, 2068, 2186, 2425, 2559, 2640, 2718, 2753, 2767, 2941, 3018, 3041, 3118, 3230, 3270, 3325, 3334, 3358, 3406, 3500, 3520, 3538, 3599, 3628, 3692, 3759, 3789, 3794, 3802, 3846, 3888, 3913, 3949, 3958, 3966, 3996, 4011, 4032, 4116, 4150, 4173, 4209, 4226, 4259, 4284, 4288], 'apoptosis.': [10, 181], 'Using': [11, 182, 1396], 'HeLa': [12, 183, 1723, 1827, 1854, 2317, 3326, 3488, 3618, 3918, 3997, 4012, 4118, 4137, 4210], 'cells': [13, 77, 184, 248, 358, 775, 1828, 1855, 1914, 2038, 2064, 2099, 2116, 2182, 2318, 2334, 3267, 3274, 3342, 3429, 3489, 3518, 3591, 3619, 3631, 3660, 3700, 3721, 3730, 3752, 3791, 3848, 3860, 3919, 3963, 4119, 4138], 'as': [14, 185, 780, 1674, 2458, 2515, 2774, 3299, 3308, 3490, 3641, 3772, 4126, 4250], 'the': [15, 38, 42, 61, 132, 186, 209, 213, 232, 303, 344, 380, 408, 422, 458, 477, 505, 527, 731, 736, 743, 830, 836, 843, 965, 1089, 1152, 1160, 1279, 1285, 1363, 1367, 1381, 1391, 1397, 1435, 1454, 1669, 1743, 1789, 1794, 1804, 1913, 1939, 2037, 2049, 2063, 2069, 2134, 2144, 2155, 2163, 2171, 2174, 2235, 2258, 2274, 2286, 2306, 2330, 2365, 2371, 2378, 2636, 2725, 2759, 2786, 2791, 2812, 2855, 2881, 2885, 2909, 2983, 3056, 3074, 3135, 3139, 3185, 3218, 3233, 3252, 3289, 3292, 3303, 3372, 3435, 3439, 3501, 3590, 3633, 3651, 3674, 3693, 3696, 3699, 3704, 3757, 3760, 3835, 3840, 3898, 3907, 3914, 3928, 3940, 3950, 3961, 3983, 4023, 4026, 4112, 4174, 4191, 4253, 4282, 4296, 4315, 4329, 4332, 4361], 'model': [16, 187, 3493], 'system,': [17, 188], 'we': [18, 189, 1422, 3486], 'show': [19, 190, 1423], 'selective': [21, 192, 3346, 4019], 'lysosome': [22, 193, 4020], 'disruption': [23, 194, 1425, 3347], 'with': [24, 78, 126, 142, 195, 249, 297, 313, 436, 1390, 1838, 2302, 2321, 2377, 2429, 2728, 2817, 2863, 2871, 3003, 3109, 3240, 3261, 3277, 3318, 3530, 3540, 3593, 3620, 3661, 3673, 3731, 3739, 3796, 3862, 3921, 3972, 4144, 4243, 4271, 4286, 4298, 4336], 'l-leucyl-l-leucine': [25, 196, 1474, 1488], 'methyl': [26, 197, 1406, 1416, 1475, 1489], 'ester': [27, 198, 1476, 1490], 'results': [28, 199, 1428, 3542, 4287], 'apoptosis,': [30, 201, 770, 3712], 'characterized': [31, 202, 411, 425], 'by': [32, 41, 66, 168, 203, 212, 237, 339, 347, 412, 426, 552, 606, 686, 1016, 1040, 1151, 1384, 1448, 1890, 1917, 1926, 2102, 2119, 2129, 2165, 2183, 2224, 2279, 2297, 2593, 2606, 2790, 2841, 2847, 2891, 3080, 3096, 3147, 3189, 3250, 3254, 3316, 3345, 3354, 3361, 3371, 3657, 3713, 3728, 3829, 3858, 3877, 3902, 4001, 4018, 4206, 4269, 4328, 4353], 'translocation': [33, 56, 204, 227, 1430, 3893, 3935], 'of': [34, 44, 57, 71, 76, 138, 165, 205, 215, 228, 242, 247, 309, 336, 369, 382, 418, 428, 439, 460, 462, 521, 529, 536, 730, 746, 773, 826, 967, 1088, 1098, 1159, 1278, 1284, 1299, 1426, 1431, 1439, 1668, 1746, 1803, 1817, 1871, 1886, 1907, 1941, 2154, 2173, 2216, 2265, 2270, 2289, 2354, 2360, 2374, 2404, 2416, 2441, 2448, 2563, 2596, 2609, 2626, 2630, 2748, 2781, 2793, 2796, 2834, 2884, 2899, 2912, 2945, 2985, 3045, 3058, 3064, 3115, 3184, 3246, 3259, 3264, 3280, 3291, 3321, 3337, 3348, 3375, 3473, 3478, 3517, 3527, 3613, 3617, 3630, 3650, 3659, 3665, 3686, 3707, 3711, 3720, 3751, 3762, 3782, 3800, 3805, 3831, 3844, 3894, 3909, 3917, 3927, 3936, 3960, 3987, 4009, 4029, 4049, 4114, 4153, 4157, 4165, 4176, 4196, 4200, 4255, 4295, 4340], 'into': [37, 208, 2364, 3134, 3208], 'cytosol': [39, 210, 381, 1028, 1436, 3899, 3951], 'and': [40, 51, 112, 129, 147, 211, 222, 283, 300, 318, 416, 421, 431, 465, 476, 509, 533, 685, 755, 776, 782, 808, 835, 846, 984, 1000, 1018, 1033, 1072, 1134, 1167, 1437, 1472, 1507, 1511, 1598, 1649, 1718, 1730, 1751, 1778, 1793, 1822, 1826, 1845, 1924, 1945, 2095, 2114, 2143, 2243, 2291, 2300, 2323, 2350, 2368, 2419, 2438, 2443, 2507, 2513, 2556, 2579, 2598, 2620, 2628, 2654, 2657, 2695, 2697, 2712, 2740, 2800, 2804, 2868, 2880, 2976, 3009, 3037, 3129, 3132, 3173, 3212, 3225, 3238, 3256, 3295, 3343, 3409, 3480, 3551, 3573, 3636, 3645, 3690, 3873, 4122, 4155, 4318, 4351, 4355], 'cleavage': [43, 123, 214, 294, 732, 738, 1368, 1447, 2887, 4152, 4204, 4326, 4347, 4362], 'a': [45, 216, 367, 387, 395, 484, 513, 516, 555, 750, 764, 824, 1157, 1442, 1457, 1863, 1883, 1900, 1904, 1935, 2085, 2106, 2344, 2413, 2719, 2745, 2775, 3042, 3100, 3103, 3309, 3335, 3491, 3662, 3747, 3797, 3969, 3973, 4047, 4127, 4309, 4337], 'proapoptotic': [46, 217, 518, 1165], 'Bcl-2-family': [47, 218], 'member': [48, 219], 'Bid.': [49, 220, 1395, 2835, 4221, 4234], 'Apoptosis': [50, 221, 342, 1823, 3995], 'Bid': [52, 86, 115, 122, 140, 159, 223, 257, 286, 293, 311, 330, 500, 511, 546, 1446, 1513, 2627, 2743, 2886, 2998, 3116, 3120, 3143, 3479, 4002, 4115, 4123, 4154, 4203, 4237, 4261, 4265, 4305, 4325], 'cleavage,': [53, 87, 224, 258, 4283], 'but': [54, 84, 225, 255, 3875, 3964, 4178], 'not': [55, 85, 226, 256, 1044, 3876, 3886, 3965, 4179, 4214], 'to': [60, 231, 498, 515, 742, 749, 759, 852, 971, 1024, 1027, 1030, 1095, 1107, 1163, 1251, 1294, 1371, 1434, 1517, 1866, 1882, 1903, 1938, 2239, 2305, 2329, 2338, 2370, 2412, 2724, 2731, 2744, 2832, 2854, 2981, 3015, 3055, 3153, 3288, 3331, 3363, 3494, 3511, 3756, 3897, 3939, 3952, 3982, 4045, 4323], 'cytosol,': [62, 233, 3941], 'could': [63, 234, 3725, 3855], 'be': [64, 161, 235, 332, 402, 853, 1025, 1108, 1252, 1295, 1372, 3726, 3856, 4046], 'prevented': [65, 82, 236, 253, 2169, 3656, 3727, 3934, 4268], '15': [67, 79, 238, 250, 1887, 2402, 3670, 3680, 3732, 3740, 3863, 3867], 'μml-trans-epoxysuccinyl(OEt)-Leu-3-methylbutylamide,': [68, 239], 'an': [69, 162, 240, 333, 375, 1296, 1986, 2426, 2560, 2942, 3067, 3193, 3521, 3531], 'inhibitor': [70, 241, 1791, 1996, 2087, 3664, 3676], 'papain-like': [72, 106, 243, 277, 968, 1449, 2166, 4183, 4277], 'cysteine': [73, 244, 370, 837, 1450, 3666, 3688], 'proteases.': [74, 245, 1451, 4321], 'Incubation': [75, 137, 246, 308], 'μmN-benzoyloxycarbonyl-VAD-fluoromethyl': [80, 251], 'ketone': [81, 252, 1484, 1498], 'apoptosis': [83, 91, 166, 254, 262, 337, 399, 551, 856, 1014, 1039, 1104, 1302, 1389, 1440, 3333, 3410, 3890, 4015], 'suggesting': [88, 259, 3684, 3882, 3943, 4181, 4275, 4308], 'cathepsin-mediated': [90, 261], 'this': [93, 264, 2047, 2756, 3496, 3803, 3889, 4033, 4166, 4212, 4224], 'system': [94, 265, 3237], 'is': [95, 266, 343, 547, 1154, 1287, 3403, 3537], 'caspase-dependent.': [96, 267], 'In': [97, 268, 490, 757, 1086, 1928, 2232, 2623, 2809, 2987, 3099, 3695, 3746, 4193, 4292], 'vitro': [98, 269, 3231, 4227], 'experiments': [99, 270, 3607, 4228], 'performed': [100, 271, 1462, 1990, 3269, 3609, 4230], 'at': [101, 117, 272, 288, 457, 1851, 2121, 2136, 2146, 2226, 2249, 2406, 2436, 2581, 2611, 2783, 3051, 3071, 3082, 3088, 3138, 3524, 3533, 3585, 3610, 3669, 3679, 4131, 4161, 4240], 'neutral': [102, 273, 4241], 'pH': [103, 274, 2194, 2399, 2572, 2649, 2663, 2672, 2681, 2690, 2702, 2729, 2732, 2761, 2971, 3023, 4242], 'showed': [104, 275], 'cathepsins': [107, 127, 143, 278, 298, 314, 969, 1021, 1091, 1153, 1161, 1286, 1464, 1504, 1595, 1670, 2655, 2693, 3004, 3482, 3667, 3689, 3946, 4006, 4184, 4201, 4218, 4249, 4278], 'B,': [108, 144, 279, 315, 554, 840, 1465, 1505, 3005], 'H,': [109, 145, 280, 316, 975, 1466, 1596, 3007], 'L,': [110, 146, 281, 317, 976, 1467, 1506, 2285, 3006, 3989], 'S,': [111, 282, 978, 1468, 3008], 'K': [113, 284, 3010], 'cleave': [114, 285, 499, 4220], 'predominantly': [116, 287], 'Arg65': [118, 289], 'or': [119, 131, 290, 302, 355, 531, 1762, 1878, 2054, 2247, 3672, 3738, 3765, 3866, 3932, 4187], 'Arg71.': [120, 291], 'No': [121, 292], 'was': [124, 295, 1105, 1880, 1897, 1932, 1989, 2168, 2222, 2255, 2410, 2422, 2616, 2772, 3001, 3093, 3107, 3122, 3180, 3248, 3306, 3314, 3506, 3786, 3827, 3900, 3990, 4016, 4120, 4124, 4170, 4238, 4267, 4334, 4349], 'observed': [125, 296, 3991], 'C': [128, 299, 1599, 3380, 3872], 'X': [130, 301], 'aspartic': [133, 304, 831, 4320], 'protease': [134, 305, 557, 832, 838, 2086], 'cathepsin': [135, 306, 833, 839, 972, 2284, 2666, 2675, 2684, 2705, 3379, 3484, 3911, 3937, 3988, 4316], 'D.': [136, 307, 704, 710, 937, 939, 990, 1006, 1184, 1190, 1318, 1324, 1354, 1473, 1536, 1616, 1635, 1684, 1692, 1958, 1966, 2476, 2482, 4067, 4073, 4103], 'full-length': [139, 310, 4128], 'treated': [141, 312, 3108, 3920, 4140], 'S': [148, 319], 'resulted': [149, 320, 3627, 4149], 'rapid': [151, 322], 'cytochrome': [152, 323, 523, 1034, 1752, 1774, 2292], 'c': [153, 324, 524, 1035, 1753, 2293, 2992, 3092], 'release': [154, 325, 525], 'from': [155, 326, 512, 558, 735, 1602, 1726, 1749, 1756, 1783, 1800, 1809, 1856, 2181, 2454, 2591, 2905, 2994, 3078, 3124, 3632], 'isolated': [156, 327, 2453, 2904], 'mitochondria.': [157, 328], 'Thus,': [158, 329], 'may': [160, 331], 'important': [163, 334, 1297], 'mediator': [164, 335, 1298], 'induced': [167, 338, 1015, 4205], 'disruption.': [170, 341, 2986], 'major': [345, 388, 1392, 3637, 3798], 'mechanism': [346, 4028], 'which': [348, 841, 1289, 1385, 3724, 3769, 4041, 4148, 4358], 'multicellular': [349], 'organisms': [350], 'remove': [351], 'superfluous,': [352], 'infected,': [353], 'damaged,': [354], 'potentially': [356], 'dangerous': [357], '(1Hengartner': [359, 467], 'M.O.': [360, 468], 'Nature.': [361, 469], '2000;': [362, 470, 579, 602, 915, 996, 1273, 1645, 3468], '407:': [363, 471], '770-776Google': [364, 472], 'Scholar).': [365, 452, 473, 545, 727, 821, 958, 1012, 1085, 1147, 1244, 1276, 1361, 1711, 2034, 2499, 2936, 3398, 3427, 3471, 3583, 3824, 4110], 'Caspases,': [366], 'family': [368, 488, 966], 'reside': [373], 'inactive': [376, 3984], 'zymogen': [377, 3985], 'form': [378, 1745, 2288, 3366, 3843, 3986, 4129], 'virtually': [383], 'every': [384], 'cell,': [385], 'play': [386], 'role': [389, 765, 3799], 'apoptotic': [391, 3522, 3736, 3744], 'execution.': [392], 'Caspase': [393], 'activation,': [394], 'critical': [396], 'event': [397], 'progression,': [400], 'can': [401], 'achieved': [403], 'several': [405], 'ways,': [406], 'including': [407, 771, 2089, 3339, 3483], 'extrinsic': [409, 475], 'pathway,': [410, 424], 'death': [413, 3807], 'receptor-mediated': [414], 'recruitment': [415], 'activation': [417, 438, 461, 535, 1150, 3408, 3826, 4031], 'apical': [419, 440], 'caspase-8,': [420, 1510], 'intrinsic': [423, 478], 'assembly': [427], 'cytosolic': [429, 1247, 1282, 2053, 2061, 3915], '(APAF-1)': [430], 'mitochondrial': [432, 1031, 2506], '(cytochrome': [433], 'c)': [434], 'factors': [435], 'subsequent': [437, 534], 'caspase-9': [441, 537], '(2Adrain': [442], 'C.': [443, 539, 907, 1265], 'Martin': [444], 'S.J.': [445, 700, 1180, 1314, 2472, 4063], 'Trends': [446], 'Biochem.': [447, 877, 1237, 1530, 1644, 3464], 'Sci.': [448, 2929, 3391], '2001;': [449, 623, 724, 818, 879, 930, 955, 1009, 1082, 1144, 1204, 1338, 2496, 4087], '26:': [450], '390-397Google': [451], 'These': [453], 'two': [454, 506, 2130], 'pathways': [455, 479], 'converge': [456], 'level': [459], 'executioner': [463], 'caspases-3': [464, 1166], '-7': [466, 1168], 'The': [474, 959, 1785, 1893, 2098, 2333, 2500, 2549, 2574, 2614, 2836, 2874, 2937, 3156, 3177, 3203, 3244, 3273, 3350, 3515], 'connected': [481], 'through': [482, 526, 1441, 2105], 'Bid,': [483, 747, 1288, 2282, 4040], 'pro-apoptotic': [485], 'BH3-only': [486], 'Bcl-2': [487], 'member.': [489], 'certain': [491], 'cell': [492, 1715, 1721, 2056, 2177, 2266, 2340, 3513, 3547, 3643, 3806], 'types,': [493], 'caspase-8': [494, 737], 'has': [495, 1290, 1460, 3328, 4042], 'been': [496, 850, 1046, 1093, 1292, 1461, 3329, 4043], 'shown': [497, 3330], 'after': [501], 'Asp59,': [502], 'thereby': [503, 1037, 3881], 'removing': [504], 'N-terminal': [507, 2882, 4356], 'helices': [508], 'converting': [510], 'latent': [514], 'strongly': [517, 3942], 'molecule,': [519], 'capable': [520], 'inducing': [522, 1038], 'action': [528], 'Bax': [530], 'Bak': [532], '(3Borner': [538], 'Mol.': [540, 641, 815, 1079, 1141], 'Immunol.': [541, 3447, 3579], '2003;': [542, 1708, 1982], '39:': [543], '615-647Google': [544], 'also': [548, 1948, 3678], 'cleaved': [549, 1744, 2287, 3832], 'during': [550, 2170], 'granzyme': [553], 'serine': [556], 'cytotoxic': [559, 3440], 'T': [560], 'lymphocytes': [561, 3441], '(4Heibein': [562], 'J.A.': [563, 598, 1346, 4095], 'Gopsing': [564], 'I.S.': [565], 'Barry': [566], 'M.': [567, 588, 609, 708, 810, 812, 872, 945, 949, 951, 1074, 1076, 1136, 1138, 1188, 1216, 1221, 1225, 1322, 1523, 1538, 1608, 1682, 1696, 1698, 1956, 1970, 1972, 2480, 2530, 2917, 3418, 3461, 3563, 3815, 4071], 'Pinkoski': [568], 'M.J.': [569, 1554], 'Shore': [570], 'G.C.': [571], 'Green': [572], 'D.R.': [573], 'Bleackley': [574], 'R.C.': [575], 'J.': [576, 599, 620, 636, 678, 721, 792, 863, 878, 890, 899, 912, 928, 952, 1008, 1056, 1118, 1201, 1223, 1230, 1257, 1270, 1335, 1525, 1529, 1568, 1587, 1610, 1643, 1657, 1678, 1952, 2028, 2493, 2541, 3446, 3578, 4084], 'Exp.': [577, 600], 'Med.': [578, 601], '192:': [580, 603], '1391-1402Google': [581], 'Scholar,': [582, 626, 647, 868, 882, 895, 918, 933, 1207, 1341, 1534, 1546, 1563, 1574, 2526, 3451, 4090], '5Sutton': [583], 'V.R.': [584], 'Davis': [585], 'J.E.': [586], 'Cancilla': [587], 'Johnstone': [589], 'R.W.': [590], 'Ruefli': [591], 'A.A.': [592], 'Sedelies': [593], 'K.': [594, 630, 665, 799, 859, 861, 870, 884, 886, 888, 1063, 1125, 1580, 2015, 3457], 'Browne': [595], 'K.A.': [596, 1552], 'Trapani': [597], '1403-1414Google': [604], 'Scholar);': [605, 684], 'calpains': [607, 3884], '(6Chen': [608], 'Hauping': [610], 'H.': [611, 669, 706, 901, 922, 1186, 1259, 1320, 2019, 2478, 3414, 3559, 3811, 4069], 'Shixing': [612], 'Z.': [613], 'Krajewski': [614, 711, 1191, 1325, 2483, 4074], 'S.': [615, 638, 649, 712, 1192, 1326, 1999, 2484, 2925, 2931, 3393, 4075], 'Reed': [616, 666, 713, 1193, 1327, 1585, 2016, 2485, 4076], 'J.C.': [617, 667, 714, 1194, 1328, 1586, 2017, 2486, 4077], 'Gottlieb': [618], 'R.A.': [619], 'Biol.': [621, 643, 679, 722, 802, 817, 954, 1066, 1081, 1128, 1143, 1202, 1336, 1541, 1569, 1588, 2029, 2494, 2542, 4085], 'Chem.': [622, 680, 723, 803, 1067, 1129, 1203, 1337, 1542, 1570, 1589, 2030, 2495, 2543, 4086], '276:': [624, 725, 1205, 1339, 2497, 4088], '30724-30728Google': [625], '7Mandic': [627], 'A.': [628, 651, 659, 1582, 1627, 2001, 2009, 2538, 2932, 3394, 3455], 'Viktorsson': [629], 'Strandberg': [631], 'L.': [632, 935, 943, 1228, 1631], 'Heiden': [633], 'T.': [634, 698, 794, 1058, 1120, 1178, 1312, 2470, 3412, 3557, 3809, 4061], 'Hansson': [635], 'Linder': [637], 'Shoshan': [639], 'M.C.': [640], 'Cell.': [642, 816, 1080, 1142], '2002;': [644, 681, 804, 892, 1068, 1130, 1358, 2031, 2933, 4107], '22:': [645], '3003-3013Google': [646], '8Gil-Parrado': [648], 'Fernández-Montalván': [650, 2000], 'Assfalg-Machleidt': [652, 2002], 'I.': [653, 874, 1625, 1637, 1653, 1688, 1700, 1962, 1974, 2003], 'Popp': [654, 2004], 'O.': [655, 1686, 1960, 2005], 'Bestvater': [656, 2006], 'F.': [657, 947, 2007], 'Holloschi': [658, 2008], 'Knoch': [660, 2010], 'T.A.': [661, 2011], 'Auerswald': [662, 2012], 'E.A.': [663, 2013, 2520], 'Welsh': [664, 2014], 'Fritz': [668, 2018], 'Fuentes-Prior': [670, 2020], 'P.': [671, 1209, 1234, 1348, 1690, 1964, 2021, 4097], 'Spiess': [672, 2022], 'E.': [673, 2023], 'Salvesen': [674, 719, 1199, 1333, 1566, 2024, 2491, 4082], 'G.S.': [675, 720, 1200, 1334, 1567, 2025, 2492, 4083], 'Machleidt': [676, 2026], 'W.': [677, 1212, 1232, 2027], '277:': [682, 2032], '27217-27226Google': [683, 2033], '(9Stoka': [689, 1169, 1303, 2461, 4052], 'V.': [690, 718, 790, 801, 992, 1002, 1054, 1065, 1116, 1127, 1170, 1198, 1304, 1332, 1527, 1540, 1614, 1639, 1659, 1694, 1702, 1968, 1976, 2462, 2490, 2921, 4053, 4081], 'Turk': [691, 717, 800, 989, 991, 1003, 1005, 1064, 1126, 1171, 1197, 1305, 1331, 1526, 1539, 1613, 1615, 1634, 1638, 1640, 1654, 1658, 1683, 1701, 1703, 1957, 1975, 1977, 2463, 2489, 4054, 4080], 'B.': [692, 788, 988, 1004, 1052, 1114, 1172, 1306, 1350, 1612, 1641, 1655, 1704, 1978, 2464, 2518, 2923, 4055, 4099], 'Schendel': [693, 1173, 1307, 2465, 4056], 'S.L.': [694, 1174, 1308, 1576, 2466, 4057], 'Kim': [695, 1175, 1309, 2467, 4058], 'T.H.': [696, 1176, 1310, 2468, 4059], 'Cirman': [697, 793, 1057, 1119, 1177, 1311, 2469, 4060], 'Snipas': [699, 1179, 1313, 2471, 4062], 'Ellerby': [701, 1181, 1315, 2473, 4064], 'L.M.': [702, 1182, 1316, 2474, 4065], 'Bredesen': [703, 1183, 1317, 2475, 4066], 'Freeze': [705, 1185, 1319, 2477, 2539, 4068], 'Abrahamson': [707, 1187, 1321, 2479, 4070], 'Brömme': [709, 1189, 1323, 1691, 1965, 2481, 4072], 'Yin': [715, 1195, 1329, 1351, 2487, 4078, 4100], 'X.M.': [716, 1196, 1330, 2488, 4079], '3149-3157Google': [726, 1206, 1340, 2498, 4089], 'Although': [728], 'all': [729, 3605, 3959], 'sites': [733, 3131, 4327], 'differ': [734], 'site,': [739], 'they': [740], 'map': [741], 'same': [744, 2726, 3140], 'region': [745], 'corresponding': [748, 1937, 3981], 'loop': [751], 'between': [752], 'α-helices': [753], '2': [754, 2393, 2735, 2954], '3.': [756], 'addition': [758, 2792, 2833, 3057], 'caspases,': [760, 1099], 'increasing': [761], 'for': [766, 2051, 2125, 2140, 2150, 2229, 2505, 2584, 2651, 2665, 2674, 2683, 2692, 2704, 2806, 2828, 2860, 2990, 3048, 3085, 3162, 3165, 3168, 3171, 3175, 3508, 3624, 3703, 4141, 4190, 4281, 4314], 'clearance': [772], 'infected': [774], 'various': [777, 3481], 'pathologies,': [778], 'such': [779, 3640], 'cancer': [781], 'neurodegeneration': [783], '(reviewed': [784, 1048, 1110], 'Refs.': [786, 986, 1050, 1112, 3555], '10Turk': [787, 1051, 1113], 'Stoka': [789, 1053, 1115], 'Rozman-Pungerčar': [791, 1055, 1117], 'Droga': [795, 1059, 1121], 'Mazovec.': [796, 1060, 1122], 'G.': [797, 1061, 1123, 1219, 1606, 1633], 'Orešić': [798, 1062, 1124], '383:': [805, 1069, 1131], '1035-1044Google': [806, 1070, 1132], 'Scholar': [807, 999, 1071, 1133, 3572], '11Leist': [809, 1073, 1135], 'Jäättelä': [811, 950, 1075, 1137], 'Nat.': [813, 1077, 1139], 'Rev.': [814, 1078, 1140], '2:': [819, 1083, 1145], '589-598Google': [820, 1084, 1146], 'Lysosomes': [822], 'contain': [823], 'number': [825, 1158], 'proteases,': [827, 4331], 'among': [828], 'them': [829, 2185], 'D': [834, 2325, 4317], 'most': [844, 848, 1280, 3436], 'abundant': [845, 961], 'have': [847, 1043, 1092, 1369], 'often': [849], 'reported': [851], 'induction': [857, 1438], '(12Roberg': [858], 'Öllinger': [860, 887], 'Am.': [862, 889, 927], 'Pathol.': [864, 891, 929], '1998;': [865, 1241, 1543, 1618], '152:': [866], '1151-1156Google': [867], '13Kågedal': [869], 'Zhao': [871], 'Svensson': [873], 'Brunk': [875], 'U.T.': [876], '359:': [880], '335-343Google': [881], '14Roberg': [883], 'Kågedal': [885], '161:': [893], '89-96Google': [894], '15Guicciardi': [896], 'M.E.': [897, 920, 1255], 'Deussing': [898, 1256], 'Miyoshi': [900, 921, 1258], 'Bronk': [902, 923, 1260], 'S.F.': [903, 924, 1261], 'Svingen': [904, 1262], 'P.A.': [905, 1263], 'Peters': [906, 1264], 'Kaufmann': [908, 1266], 'S.H.': [909, 1267], 'Gores': [910, 925, 1268], 'G.J.': [911, 926, 1269], 'Clin.': [913, 1271], 'Invest.': [914, 1272], '106:': [916, 1274], '1127-1137Google': [917, 1275], '16Guicciardi': [919], '159:': [931], '2045-2054Google': [932], '17Foghsgaard': [934], 'Wissing': [936], 'Mauch': [938], 'Lademann': [940], 'U.': [941, 2930, 3392], 'Bastholm': [942], 'Boes': [944], 'Elling': [946], 'Leist': [948], 'Cell': [953, 1355, 1705, 1820, 1979, 2035, 3323, 4104], '153:': [956], '999-1009Google': [957], 'other': [960, 1102, 1814], 'related': [970, 4319], 'B': [973, 2656], '(cathepsins': [974], 'K,': [977, 1469, 1508], 'C,': [979, 1471, 3485], 'X,': [980, 1470, 1597], 'V,': [981], 'W,': [982], 'F,': [983], 'O;': [985], '18Turk': [987], 'Biochim.': [993], 'Biophys.': [994, 1238, 3465], 'Acta.': [995], '1477:': [997], '98-111Google': [998], '19Turk': [1001], 'EMBO': [1007], '20:': [1010], '4629-4633Google': [1011], 'During': [1013], 'sphingosine': [1017], 'lysosomotropic': [1019, 1398, 1795, 4207], 'reagents,': [1020], 'were': [1022, 1249, 1376, 1514, 1600, 1671, 1724, 1734, 1748, 1755, 1781, 1798, 1807, 1816, 1829, 1860, 1915, 2039, 2065, 2100, 2117, 2179, 2237, 2277, 2294, 2319, 2335, 2362, 2452, 2503, 2554, 2576, 2589, 2604, 2638, 2715, 2788, 2815, 2839, 2877, 2889, 2903, 2939, 3076, 3145, 3159, 3187, 3205, 3228, 3268, 3275, 3297, 3608, 3654, 3701, 3722, 3753, 3770, 4139, 4185, 4229], 'found': [1023, 4125, 4350], 'translocated': [1026], 'prior': [1029, 2831, 3054], 'damage': [1032], 'release,': [1036], 'mechanisms': [1041, 1383], 'yet': [1045, 1370], 'clarified': [1047], 'some': [1087], 'models,': [1090], 'suggested': [1094, 1106, 1250, 1293, 4044], 'act': [1096, 4007], 'independently': [1097], 'whereas': [1100, 1594, 3302], 'models': [1103], 'caspase-mediated': [1109], 'Direct': [1148], 'caspase': [1149, 1786, 2379, 2768, 3407, 3600, 3784, 3853, 4030], 'unlikely': [1155], 'because': [1156], 'failed': [1162], 'activate': [1164, 3953], '20Schotte': [1208], 'Van': [1210, 1213, 1217], 'Criekinge': [1211], 'de': [1214], 'Craen': [1215], 'Loo': [1218], 'Desmedt': [1220], 'Grooten': [1222], 'Cornelissen': [1224], 'De': [1226], 'Ridder': [1227], 'Vandekerckhove': [1229], 'Fiers': [1231], 'Vandenabeele': [1233, 1689, 1963], 'Beyaert': [1235], 'R.': [1236, 1521, 1578, 2536, 3416, 3561, 3813], 'Res.': [1239, 3466], 'Commun.': [1240, 3467], '251:': [1242], '379-387Google': [1243], 'Therefore,': [1245, 3604], 'additional': [1246, 1987, 3068], 'factor(s)': [1248], '(15Guicciardi': [1254], 'One': [1277], 'attractive': [1281], 'targets': [1283], 'already': [1291], 'protease-mediated': [1301], '21Reiners': [1342, 4091], 'Jr.,': [1343, 4092], 'J.J.': [1344, 4093], 'Caruso': [1345, 4094], 'Mathieu': [1347, 4096], 'Chelladurai': [1349, 4098], 'X.-M.': [1352, 4101], 'Kessel': [1353, 4102], 'Death': [1356, 1706, 1980, 3324, 4105], 'Differ.': [1357, 1707, 1981, 4106], '9:': [1359, 4108], '934-944Google': [1360, 4109], 'However,': [1362, 3584, 3852], 'protease(s)': [1365], 'performing': [1366], 'identified.': [1373], 'Our': [1374], 'studies': [1375, 4038], 'therefore': [1377], 'aimed': [1378], 'toward': [1379, 3433], 'understanding': [1380], 'molecular': [1382, 3976, 4027], 'induce': [1388, 3332, 3512], 'focus': [1393], 'on': [1394, 2218, 2273, 2618, 2843, 2974, 3543, 4039, 4252], 'agent': [1399], 'LeuLeuOMe,': [1400, 3434], '1The': [1401], 'abbreviations': [1402, 1412], 'used': [1403, 1413, 2245, 2621, 2773, 2977, 3298, 3307, 3771, 3930], 'are:': [1404, 1414], 'LeuLeuOMel-leucyl-l-leucine': [1405, 1415], 'esterAC27Pacetyl-calpastatin': [1407, 1417], '27-peptideE-64l-trans-epoxysuccinyl-Leu-amido-(4-guanidino)': [1408, 1418], 'butaneE-64dl-trans-epoxysuccinyl(OEt)-Leu-3-methylbutylamideZN-benzoyloxycarbonylfmkfluoromethyl': [1409, 1419], 'ketonePARPpoly(ADP-ribose)': [1410, 1420], 'polymeraseCHAPS3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1-propanesulphonate.1The': [1411], 'polymeraseCHAPS3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1-propanesulphonate.': [1421], 'lysosomes': [1427, 2553, 2575, 2592, 3353, 3359], 'caspase-dependent': [1443], 'mechanism,': [1444], 'involving': [1445], 'To': [1452, 2059, 3215, 4222], 'identify': [1453, 4324], 'cleaving': [1455], 'protease(s),': [1456], 'detailed': [1458], 'investigation': [1459], 'using': [1463, 1736, 1991, 2257, 2343, 2510, 2908, 3127, 3149, 3192, 3210, 3232, 3283, 3834, 4231], 'acetyl-calpastatin': [1477, 1491], '27-peptide': [1478, 1492], 'l-trans-epoxysuccinyl-Leu-amido-(4-guanidino)': [1479, 1493], 'butane': [1480, 1494], 'l-trans-epoxysuccinyl(OEt)-Leu-3-methylbutylamide': [1481, 1495], 'N-benzoyloxycarbonyl': [1482, 1496], 'fluoromethyl': [1483, 1497], 'poly(ADP-ribose)': [1485, 1499], 'polymerase': [1486, 1500], '3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1-propanesulphonate.': [1487, 1501], 'Proteins—Recombinant': [1502], 'human': [1503, 1509, 1622, 1650, 1719, 3544], 'mouse': [1512, 2455, 4233], 'prepared': [1515, 1735, 2180, 2590], 'according': [1516, 2304, 2328, 3287], 'published': [1518], 'procedures': [1519, 2050], '(22Kuhelj': [1520], 'Dolinar': [1522, 1537], 'Pungerčar': [1524, 1609], 'Eur.': [1528, 1642], '1995;': [1531], '229:': [1532], '533-539Google': [1533], '23Barlič-Maganja': [1535], '379:': [1544], '1449-1452Google': [1545], "24D'Alessio": [1547], 'K.J.': [1548], 'McQueney': [1549], 'M.S.': [1550], 'Brun': [1551], 'Orsini': [1553], 'Debouck': [1555], 'C.M.': [1556], 'Protein': [1557], 'Expression': [1558], 'Purif.': [1559], '1999;': [1560, 1590, 3424, 3569, 3821], '15:': [1561], '213-220Google': [1562], '25Stennicke': [1564], 'H.R.': [1565], '1997;': [1571], '272:': [1572, 3469], '25719-25722Google': [1573], '26Schendel': [1575], 'Azimov': [1577], 'Pawlowski': [1579], 'Godzik': [1581], 'Kagan': [1583], 'B.L.': [1584], '274:': [1591], '21932-21936Google': [1592], 'Scholar),': [1593, 1621, 1648, 1665, 1985, 2547], 'purified': [1601], 'porcine': [1603], 'liver': [1604, 1623, 2456], '(27Gunčar': [1605], 'Podobnik': [1607], 'Strukelj': [1611], 'Structure.': [1617], '6:': [1619], '51-61Google': [1620], '(28Klemenčič': [1624], 'Karaoglanovic-Carmona': [1626], 'Juliano': [1628, 1630], 'M.A.': [1629], 'Gunčar': [1632], 'Krizaj': [1636], '267:': [1646], '5404-5412Google': [1647], 'kidney': [1651, 1714], '(29Dolenc': [1652], 'Kos': [1656], 'FEBS': [1660], 'Lett.': [1661], '1996;': [1662, 2544], '392:': [1663], '277-280Google': [1664], 'respectively.': [1666, 2446, 2548], 'All': [1667, 1802, 1813, 3183, 3649], 'active': [1672, 3910, 3945], 'site-titrated': [1673], 'described': [1675, 2459], 'elsewhere': [1676], '(30Rozman-Pungerčar': [1677, 1951], 'Kopitar-Jerala': [1679, 1953], 'N.': [1680, 1954, 3420, 3463, 3565, 3817], 'Bogyo': [1681, 1955], 'Vasiljeva': [1685, 1959], 'Stefe': [1687, 1961], 'Puizdar': [1693, 1967], 'Fonovič': [1695, 1969], 'Trstenjak-Prebanda': [1697, 1971], 'Dolenc': [1699, 1973], '10:': [1709, 1983], '881-888Google': [1710, 1984], 'Materials—Human': [1712], 'embryonic': [1713], 'line': [1716, 1722], '293': [1717, 1825, 3266], 'adenocarcinoma': [1720], 'purchased': [1725, 1799, 1808], 'ATCC.': [1727], 'Polyclonal': [1728], 'anti-Bid': [1729], 'anti-cathepsin': [1731], 'L': [1732, 2694, 3912, 3938], 'antibodies': [1733, 1740, 1754, 3836], 'standard': [1737], 'protocols.': [1738], 'Monoclonal': [1739], 'specifically': [1741, 3838], 'recognizing': [1742], 'PARP': [1747, 3833, 3845], 'Promega,': [1750], 'PharMingen.': [1757], 'Horseradish': [1758], 'peroxidase-conjugated': [1759], 'goat': [1760], 'anti-rabbit': [1761], 'rabbit': [1763], 'anti-mouse': [1764], 'IgG': [1765], 'antibodies,': [1766], 'fetal': [1767, 1841], 'calf': [1768, 1842], 'serum,': [1769, 1843], 'Percoll,': [1770], 'p-iodonitrotetrazolium': [1771, 2511], 'violet,': [1772], '4-methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-dexy-d-glucopyranoside,': [1773], 'c,': [1775], 'E-64,': [1776, 2094], 'E-64d,': [1777], 'pepstatin': [1779, 2090, 2824, 4299], 'A': [1780, 2825, 4345], 'obtained': [1782], 'Sigma.': [1784], 'substrate': [1787], 'acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-trifluorometylcoumarin,': [1788], 'calpain-specific': [1790], 'AC27P,': [1792], 'reagent': [1796], 'LeuLeuOMe': [1797, 1896, 3356, 3499, 3525, 3586, 3611, 3623, 3717, 3922, 4145], 'Bachem.': [1801], 'nucleotide': [1805], 'primers': [1806, 3150, 3158], 'MWG': [1810], 'Biotech': [1811], 'AG.': [1812], 'chemicals': [1815], 'analytical': [1818], 'grade.': [1819], 'Culture': [1821], 'Triggering—HEK': [1824], 'grown': [1830], "Dulbecco's": [1832], 'modified': [1833, 2910], "Eagle's": [1834], 'medium': [1835], '(Invitrogen),': [1836], 'supplemented': [1837], '10%': [1839], '(v/v)': [1840, 2203, 3111], 'streptomycin,': [1844], 'penicillin': [1846], '5%': [1848], 'CO2': [1849], 'atmosphere': [1850], '37': [1852, 2407, 2784, 3052, 3072], '°C.': [1853, 2251, 3090], 'confluent': [1857], '10-cm': [1858], 'dishes': [1859, 3635], 'split': [1861], '1:6': [1864], 'ratio': [1865], 'yield': [1867], '6': [1868], '×': [1869, 2110, 2123, 2138, 2148], '106/well': [1870], '6-well': [1872], 'plates.': [1873, 3272], 'After': [1874, 1910, 2046], '10': [1875, 2081, 2214, 2230, 2951, 2961], 'h': [1876, 1912, 2780, 3626, 4143], 'E-64d': [1877, 3668, 3734, 3763, 3865, 4177], 'Z-VAD-fmk': [1879, 3742, 3766, 3869], 'added': [1881, 1898, 1933, 2411, 2717], 'final': [1884, 1905, 2372, 2414, 2746, 2760, 3043], 'concentration': [1885, 1906, 2254, 2415, 3502, 4339], 'μm,': [1888, 2418, 3589], 'followed': [1889, 2128, 2846, 3360], 'overnight': [1891, 2870], 'incubation.': [1892], 'next': [1894, 3697], 'day': [1895], 'negligible': [1901], 'volume': [1902, 1936, 1940, 2373, 2562, 2721, 2747, 2944, 3044], '400-500': [1908, 3534, 3614], 'μm.': [1909, 3535, 3615], '24': [1911, 3625, 4142], 'viewed': [1916], 'light': [1918], 'microscopy': [1919], '(Olympus': [1920], 'M021,': [1921], 'magnification': [1922], '40)': [1923], 'harvested': [1925], 'trypsinization.': [1927], 'control': [1929, 3101, 3748, 3962], 'experiments,': [1930, 2755], 'Me2SO': [1931], 'E-64d.': [1942], 'Because': [1943, 3472], 'E-64': [1944, 2818, 4256, 4272], 'its': [1946, 3364, 3509], 'derivatives': [1947], 'inhibit': [1949], 'calpain': [1950, 1995], 'experiment': [1988, 3749, 4333], '50': [1992, 2187, 2677, 3013], 'μm': [1993, 2742, 3505, 3529, 3622, 3671, 3681, 3733, 3741, 3864, 3868, 4248], 'specific': [1994], 'AC27P': [1997, 3878], '(8Gil-Parrado': [1998], 'Extracts—Initially,': [2036], 'washed': [2040, 2066, 2557, 2869], 'twice': [2041, 2067, 2558], 'ice-cold': [2043], 'phosphate-buffered': [2044], 'saline.': [2045], 'step,': [2048, 3698], 'preparing': [2052], 'total': [2055], 'extracts': [2057, 2178, 2588, 2714, 2814, 4297, 4342], 'differed.': [2058], 'prepare': [2060], 'extracts,': [2062, 4245], 'isotonic': [2070], 'buffer': [2071, 2190, 2380, 2565, 2769, 2803, 2947], '(200': [2072], 'mm': [2073, 2076, 2079, 2082, 2192, 2197, 2211, 2382, 2385, 2394, 2397, 2567, 2570, 2646, 2660, 2669, 2678, 2687, 2699, 2709, 2736, 2949, 2952, 2955, 2958, 2962, 2965, 2969, 3020, 3027, 3030, 3039], 'mannitol,': [2074, 3028], '70': [2075], 'sucrose,': [2077, 2392, 2568, 2950], '1': [2078, 2151, 2210, 2708, 2779, 2797, 2861], 'EGTA,': [2080, 2963, 3031], 'HEPES)': [2083], 'containing': [2084, 2551, 2601, 2707, 2734, 3025, 3105, 4246], 'mixture': [2088], 'A,': [2091], 'aprotinin,': [2092], 'leupeptin,': [2093], 'bestatin': [2096], '(Sigma).': [2097], 'homogenized': [2101], '20': [2103, 2396, 2569, 2741], 'passages': [2104], '25': [2107], 'G': [2108], '(0.5': [2109], '16)': [2111], 'needle.': [2112], 'Nuclei': [2113], 'unbroken': [2115], 'removed': [2118, 2223, 2605], 'centrifugation': [2120, 2132, 2225, 2610, 3081], '500': [2122, 3621], 'g': [2124, 2139, 2149], '5': [2126, 2141, 2607, 2794, 2807, 2957, 3019, 3038, 3086], 'min,': [2127], 'consecutive': [2131], 'steps,': [2133], 'first': [2135], '10,000': [2137], 'min': [2142, 2215, 2403, 2608, 2830, 2862, 2980, 3050, 3087], 'second': [2145], '100,000': [2147], 'h.': [2152], 'Use': [2153], 'inhibitors': [2156, 3929], 'ensured': [2157, 2757], 'any': [2159, 3597], 'unwanted': [2160, 2634], 'proteolysis,': [2161], 'especially': [2162], 'proteolysis': [2164], 'cathepsins,': [2167], 'preparation': [2172], 'extracts.': [2175], 'Total': [2176, 2252], 'lysing': [2184], 'μlof': [2188], 'RIPA': [2189], '(50': [2191], 'Tris,': [2193], '8.0,': [2195], '100': [2196, 2417, 2659, 2668], 'NaCl,': [2198, 2386], '0.1%': [2199, 3032], '(w/v)': [2200, 2207, 2388, 2391, 3033], 'SDS,': [2201], '1%': [2202], 'Nonidet': [2204], 'P-40,': [2205], '0.5%': [2206], 'deoxycholic': [2208], 'acid,': [2209], 'EDTA).': [2212], 'Following': [2213, 2401, 2778, 3066, 3716], 'incubation': [2217, 2405, 2782, 3070], 'ice,': [2219, 2975], 'insoluble': [2220], 'material': [2221], '14,000': [2227, 2612], 'rpm': [2228, 3084], 'min.': [2231, 2808], 'both': [2233, 3687], 'cases,': [2234], 'supernatants': [2236, 3075], 'transferred': [2238, 2363, 2853], 'fresh': [2240, 3059], 'test': [2241], 'tubes': [2242], 'either': [2244, 3861], 'immediately': [2246], 'stored': [2248, 2580], '-80': [2250, 2582], 'protein': [2253, 2271], 'determined': [2256, 2296, 2890], 'Bradford': [2259, 2275], 'assay': [2260], '(Bio-Rad).': [2261], 'Immunodetections—After': [2262], 'treatment,': [2263], 'aliquots': [2264], 'lysates': [2267, 2357], '(80': [2268], 'μg': [2269, 2359, 3063], 'based': [2272], 'assay)': [2276], 'resolved': [2278], '15%': [2280, 2844], 'SDS-PAGE.': [2281], 'tBid,': [2283], 'PARP,': [2290], 'then': [2295, 2336, 2577, 2716, 2878, 3094, 3206], 'Western': [2298, 3097, 3903], 'blotting': [2299], 'development': [2301], 'ECL': [2303], "manufacturer's": [2307, 2331], 'instructions': [2308, 3290], '(Amersham': [2309, 3242], 'Biosciences).': [2310, 3243], 'Flow': [2311], 'Cytometry—To': [2312], 'measure': [2313], 'phosphatidylserine': [2314], 'exposure,': [2315], '106': [2316], 'labeled': [2320], 'annexinV-PE': [2322], '7-amino-actinomycin': [2324], '(BD': [2326, 2348], 'Biosciences)': [2327, 2349], 'instructions.': [2332], 'subjected': [2337], 'fluorescence-activated': [2339], 'sorter': [2341], 'analysis': [2342], 'FACScalibur': [2345], 'flow': [2346, 3714], 'cytometer': [2347], 'CellQuest': [2351], 'software.': [2352], 'Measurement': [2353], 'DEVD-ase': [2355, 2420, 3778], 'Activity—Cell': [2356], '(100': [2358, 2381, 2645], 'protein)': [2361], '96-well': [2366], 'plate': [2367, 2430], 'filled': [2369], '90': [2375], 'μl': [2376, 2795, 3047], 'HEPES,': [2383, 2571, 2953], '200': [2384], '0.2%': [2387], 'CHAPS,': [2389], '20%': [2390], 'EDTA,': [2395], 'dithiothreitol,': [2398, 3040], '7.0).': [2400], '°C,': [2408, 2785, 3073], 'acetyl-DEVD-7-amino-4-trifluorometylcoumarin': [2409], 'activity': [2421, 3374, 3601, 3779, 3854], 'measured': [2423], 'continuously': [2424], 'LS50B': [2427], 'fluorimeter': [2428], 'reader': [2431], 'attachment': [2432], '(PerkinElmer': [2433, 3200], 'Life': [2434, 3201], 'Sciences)': [2435], 'excitation': [2437], 'emission': [2439], 'wavelengths': [2440], '400': [2442], '505': [2444], 'nm,': [2445], 'Isolation': [2447, 2898], 'Mouse': [2449, 2900], 'Liver': [2450], 'Lysosomes—Lysosomes': [2451], 'essentially': [2457], 'previously': [2460], 'fractions': [2501, 2550], 'collected': [2502], 'assayed': [2504], 'contents': [2509], 'reductase': [2512], 'β-hexosaminidase': [2514], 'markers': [2516], '(31Storrie': [2517], 'Madden': [2519], 'Methods': [2521], 'Enzymol.': [2522], '1990;': [2523, 3395], '182:': [2524], '203-225Google': [2525], '32Mehta': [2527], 'D.P.': [2528], 'Ichikawa': [2529], 'Salimath': [2531], 'P.V.': [2532], 'Etchison': [2533], 'J.R.': [2534], 'Haak': [2535], 'Manzi': [2537], 'H.H.': [2540], '271:': [2545], '10897-10903Google': [2546], 'pure': [2552], 'pooled': [2555], 'equal': [2561, 2943, 3278], '(250': [2566, 2948], '7.2).': [2573], 'aliquoted': [2578], '°C': [2583, 3053], 'further': [2585, 3606], 'use.': [2586], 'Lysosomal': [2587], 'three': [2594], 'cycles': [2595], 'freezing': [2597], 'thawing.': [2599], 'Pellets': [2600], 'membranes': [2603], 'rpm.': [2613], 'supernatant': [2615], 'kept': [2617, 2639, 2973], 'ice': [2619], 'freshly.': [2622], 'Vitro': [2624, 2988, 4194], 'Cleavage': [2625, 2631, 4195], 'Analysis': [2629], 'Products—To': [2632], 'prevent': [2633], 'inactivation,': [2635], 'enzymes': [2637], 'their': [2641, 3474], 'normal': [2642], 'storage': [2643], 'buffers': [2644, 2727], 'phosphate': [2647, 2661, 2670], 'buffer,': [2648, 2662, 2671, 2680, 2689, 2701, 3022], '6.0,': [2650], 'extract': [2653, 3916], 'C;': [2658], '6.8,': [2664], 'H;': [2667], '7.0,': [2673], 'S;': [2676], 'acetate': [2679, 2688, 2700], '5.1,': [2682], 'X;': [2685], '340': [2686, 2698], '5.5,': [2691], 'K;': [2696], '4.2,': [2703], 'D)': [2706, 3874], 'EDTA.': [2710], 'Cathepsins': [2711], 'small': [2720, 3970], '(≤5': [2722], 'μl)': [2723], 'raised': [2730, 4022], '7.2,': [2733, 3024], 'dithiothreitol': [2737, 2799], '(final': [2738, 2819, 3011], 'concentration)': [2739], '35': [2749], 'μl.': [2750], 'As': [2751], 'verified': [2752, 3188], 'separate': [2754], '(7.2)': [2762], 'remained': [2763], 'unchanged.': [2764], 'Caspase-8': [2765], 'incubated': [2766, 3002, 4239], '(see': [2770], 'above)': [2771], 'positive': [2776, 3310], 'control.': [2777, 3311], 'reactions': [2787], 'terminated': [2789], 'm': [2798], 'SDS-PAGE': [2801, 2842, 3255], 'loading': [2802], 'boiling': [2805], 'another': [2810, 3376, 3709, 4158], 'experiment,': [2811, 3102], 'pretreated': [2816], 'concentration,': [2820], '20-300': [2821], 'μm)': [2822, 2827, 3017, 4301], 'and/or': [2823], '(500': [2826, 4300], '30': [2829, 2979, 3046], 'reaction': [2837], 'products': [2838, 2888], 'analyzed': [2840, 4352], 'gels,': [2845], 'Coomassie': [2848, 2864], 'Blue': [2849, 2865], 'staining': [2850], 'or,': [2851], 'alternatively,': [2852], 'polyvinylidene': [2856], 'difluoride': [2857], 'membranes,': [2858], 'stained': [2859], '(Bio-Rad),': [2866], 'destained,': [2867], 'distilled': [2872], 'water.': [2873], 'appropriate': [2875], 'bands': [2876], 'excised,': [2879], 'sequences': [2883, 3186], 'Applied': [2892], 'Biosystems': [2893], '492': [2894], 'amino': [2895], 'acid': [2896], 'sequencer.': [2897], 'Heart': [2901], 'Mitochondria—Mitochondria': [2902], 'murine': [2906, 3060], 'hearts': [2907], 'procedure': [2911], 'Ott': [2913], 'et': [2914], 'al.': [2915], '(33Ott': [2916], 'Robertson': [2918], 'J.D.': [2919], 'Gogvadze': [2920], 'Zhivotovsky': [2922], 'Orreius': [2924], 'Proc.': [2926, 3388], 'Natl.': [2927, 3389], 'Acad.': [2928, 3390], '599:': [2934], '1259-1263Google': [2935], 'mitochondria': [2938, 3061, 3079, 3106], 'resuspended': [2940], 'MSH': [2946], 'KH2PO4,': [2956], 'sodium': [2959], 'succinate,': [2960], '0.1': [2964], 'phenylmethylsulfonyl': [2966], 'fluoride,': [2967], '4': [2968, 3089], 'MgCl2),': [2970], '7.5,': [2972], 'within': [2978], 'minimize': [2982], 'risk': [2984], 'Assay': [2989], 'Cytochrome': [2991, 3091], 'Release': [2993], 'Purified': [2995], 'Mitochondria—': [2996], 'Recombinant': [2997, 4197], '(7': [2999], 'μg)': [3000], 'concentrations,': [3012], 'nm': [3014], '3': [3016], 'HEPES': [3021], '250': [3026], '0.5': [3029], 'bovine': [3034], 'serum': [3035], 'albumin': [3036], '40': [3049], '(20': [3062], 'protein).': [3065], '5-min': [3069], 'separated': [3077], '9000': [3083], 'detected': [3095], 'blotting.': [3098], 'pellet': [3104], '2%': [3110], 'Triton': [3112], 'X-100.': [3113], 'Preparation': [3114], 'Variants': [3117], 'pcDNA3—Full-length': [3119], '(flBid)': [3121], 'excised': [3123], 'pGEX4Ti': [3125], 'vector': [3126, 3137], 'EcoRI': [3128, 3211], 'XhoI': [3130, 3213], 'cloned': [3133], 'pcDNA3': [3136, 3209, 3294], 'sites.': [3141, 3214], 'Truncated': [3142], 'variants': [3144], 'generated': [3146], 'PCR': [3148], 'bound': [3152], 'flBid': [3154, 3226], 'DNA.': [3155], 'following': [3157], 'used:': [3160], '5′-AGCGAATTCATGTGGGAGGCAGA-3′': [3161], 'tBid-Tyr47,': [3163], '5′-TTGGAATTCATGACAGACGGCAGC-3′': [3164], 'tBid-Gln57,': [3166], '5′-ATAGAATTCATGGGCAGCCAGGC-3′': [3167], 'tBid-Asp59,': [3169], '5′-TCCGAATTCATGTCCTTCAACC-3′': [3170], 'tBid-Arg65,': [3172], '5′-TCGGAATTCATGATAGAGCCAGA-3′': [3174], 'tBid-Arg71.': [3176], 'reverse': [3178], 'primer': [3179], 'always': [3181], '5′-CCGCTCGAGTCAGTCCATC-3′.': [3182], 'DNA': [3190, 3198], 'sequencing': [3191], 'Abi': [3194], 'Prism': [3195], '310': [3196], 'automated': [3197], 'sequencer': [3199], 'Sciences).': [3202], 'fragments': [3204], 'inserted': [3207], 'check': [3216], 'whether': [3217], 'new': [3219], 'constructs': [3220, 3282], 'generate': [3221], 'functional': [3222], 'protein,': [3223], 'tBid': [3224, 3262], 'proteins': [3227], 'expressed': [3229], 'Promega': [3234], 'TnT-coupled': [3235], 'transcription-translation': [3236], 'radiolabeling': [3239], '[35S]methionine': [3241], 'efficiency': [3245], 'expression': [3247], 'monitored': [3249], 'analyzing': [3251], 'translate': [3253], 'autoradiography.': [3257], 'Transfections': [3258], 'Cells': [3260, 3998], 'Variants—Transfections': [3263], 'HEK': [3265], '12-well': [3271], 'transfected': [3276], 'amounts': [3279], 'pcDNA3/tBid': [3281], 'LipofectAMINE™': [3284], '2000': [3285], '(Invitrogen)': [3286], 'manufacturer.': [3293], 'pcDNA3/flBid': [3296], 'negative': [3300, 3773], 'controls,': [3301], 'pcDNA3/caspase-8': [3304], 'construct': [3305], 'Transfection': [3312], 'efficacy': [3313], 'controlled': [3315], 'cotransfections': [3317], 'EGFP.': [3319], 'Characterization': [3320], 'LeuLeuOMe-triggered': [3322, 3994], 'Cells—LeuLeuOMe': [3327], 'variety': [3336], 'cells,': [3338, 3968, 4013, 4211], 'natural': [3340], 'killer': [3341], 'macrophages,': [3344], 'lysosomes.': [3349], 'compound': [3351], 'enters': [3352], 'endocytosis.': [3355], 'accumulates': [3357], 'conversion': [3362], 'membranolytic': [3365], '(LeuLeu)n-OMe': [3367], '(n': [3368], '≥': [3369], '3)': [3370], 'transesterase': [3373], 'protease,': [3378], '(dipeptidyl': [3381], 'peptidase': [3382], 'I)': [3383], '(34Thiele': [3384], 'D.L.': [3385, 3443, 3575], 'Lipsky': [3386, 3444, 3576], 'P.E.': [3387, 3445, 3577], '87:': [3396], '83-87Google': [3397], 'Finally,': [3399, 3892], 'membrane': [3401], 'integrity': [3402], 'lost,': [3404], 'resulting': [3405, 4258], '(35Uchimoto': [3411, 3808], 'Nohara': [3413, 3558, 3810], 'Kamehara': [3415, 3560, 3812], 'Iwamura': [3417, 3460, 3562, 3814], 'Watanabe': [3419, 3462, 3564, 3816], 'Kobayashi': [3421, 3566, 3818], 'Y.': [3422, 3453, 3459, 3567, 3819], 'Apoptosis.': [3423, 3568, 3820], '4:': [3425, 3570, 3822], '357-362Google': [3426, 3571, 3823], 'Various': [3428], 'exhibit': [3430], 'different': [3431], 'sensitivity': [3432], 'sensitive': [3437], 'being': [3438], '(36Thiele': [3442], '1992;': [3448, 3580], '148:': [3449, 3581], '3950-3957Google': [3450, 3582], '37Kobayashi': [3452], 'Takasaki': [3454], 'Kurosaka': [3456], 'Sakurai': [3458], '687-690Google': [3470], 'reasonably': [3475], 'high': [3476], 'content': [3477], 'chose': [3487], 'cellular': [3492, 4290], 'investigate': [3495], 'process.': [3497, 3694], 'Initially,': [3498], 'range': [3503], '50-1000': [3504], 'tested': [3507, 3702], 'ability': [3510], 'death.': [3514], 'majority': [3516], 'died': [3519, 3592], 'manner': [3523], 'concentrations': [3526, 3587, 3612], '≥300': [3528], 'optimum': [3532], 'This': [3536], 'agreement': [3539, 3795, 4285], 'previous': [3541], 'myeloma': [3545], 'tumor': [3546], 'lines': [3548], 'U937,': [3549], 'HL60,': [3550], 'THP-1': [3552], '(200-500': [3553], 'μm;': [3554], '35Uchimoto': [3556], '36Thiele': [3574], '≥750': [3588], 'necrotic': [3594], 'morphology': [3595], 'without': [3596], 'increase': [3598], '(not': [3602, 4343], 'shown).': [3603, 4344], 'Treatment': [3616], 'detachment': [3629], 'culture': [3634], 'morphological': [3638, 3652], 'changes,': [3639], 'considerable': [3642], 'shrinkage': [3644], 'rounding': [3646], '(Fig.': [3647, 3682, 3775, 3792, 3850, 3870, 3879, 3923, 3955, 3992, 4134, 4263], '1A).': [3648], 'changes': [3653], 'substantially': [3655], 'pretreatment': [3658], 'general': [3663, 3783], 'pancaspase': [3675], 'Z-VAD-fmk,': [3677, 4180], '1A),': [3683], 'involvement': [3685], 'caspases': [3691, 3801, 3954, 4010], 'surface': [3705], 'exposure': [3706], 'phosphatidylserine,': [3708], 'marker': [3710], 'cytometry.': [3715], 'treatment': [3718], '62.5%': [3719], 'apoptotic,': [3723, 3754], 'pretreating': [3729, 3859], '(11.8%': [3735], 'cells)': [3737], '(16.9%': [3743], 'cells).': [3745], '10.8%': [3750], 'similar': [3755], 'result': [3758], 'presence': [3761, 3908, 4113, 4175], '(11.5%)': [3764], '(7.5%)': [3767], 'alone,': [3768], 'controls': [3774], '1B).': [3776], 'Similarly,': [3777], '(a': [3780], 'reporter': [3781], 'activation)': [3785], 'highly': [3787], 'elevated': [3788], 'LeuLeuOMe-treated': [3790, 3847, 3967], '1C),': [3793, 3880], 'type': [3804], 'Caspase-3': [3825], 'confirmed': [3828, 3901], 'immunodetection': [3830], 'recognize': [3839], 'caspase-3-generated': [3841], 'truncated': [3842, 4167], 'only': [3849, 4302], '1D).': [3851], 'ablated': [3857], '1,': [3871], 'implicated': [3887], 'model.': [3891, 4034, 4291], 'blot': [3904], 'analysis,': [3905], 'demonstrating': [3906], '1E).': [3924, 3956, 3993], 'Significantly,': [3925], 'none': [3926], '(E-64d': [3931], 'Z-VAD-fmk)': [3933], 'required': [3948], 'Interestingly,': [3957], 'band': [3971, 4159], 'slightly': [3974], 'higher': [3975], 'mass': [3977], '(∼33': [3978], 'kDa),': [3979], 'probably': [3980], 'Is': [3999], 'Accompanied': [4000], 'Cleavage—The': [4003], 'finding': [4004], 'upstream': [4008], 'where': [4014], 'triggered': [4017], 'disruption,': [4021], 'question': [4024], 'about': [4025], 'We': [4035], 'focused': [4036], 'our': [4037, 4289], 'sensor': [4048], 'First,': [4111, 4235], 'untreated': [4117], 'confirmed,': [4121], 'migrating': [4130, 4160], '∼22': [4132], 'kDa': [4133], '2).': [4135], 'Next,': [4136], '(200-400': [4146], 'μm),': [4147, 4274], 'partial': [4151], 'appearance': [4156], '∼15': [4162], 'kDa.': [4163], 'Generation': [4164], '(tBid)': [4168], 'variant': [4169], 'completely': [4171], 'abolished': [4172], 'directly': [4186, 4219], 'indirectly': [4188], 'responsible': [4189, 4280], 'cleavage.': [4192], 'Bid—Although': [4198], 'inhibition': [4199], 'blocked': [4202], 'agents': [4208], 'does': [4213], 'necessary': [4215], 'indicate': [4216], 'address': [4223], 'question,': [4225], 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{'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 27}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T15:34:17.329650', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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