Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2018470108', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2165/00139709-200423030-00005', 'title': 'The Use of the Osmole Gap as a Screening Test for the Presence of Exogenous Substances', 'display_name': 'The Use of the Osmole Gap as a Screening Test for the Presence of Exogenous Substances', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2018470108', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2165/00139709-200423030-00005', 'mag': '2018470108', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15862085'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2165/00139709-200423030-00005', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S76873655', 'display_name': 'Toxicological Reviews', 'issn_l': '1176-2551', 'issn': ['1176-2551', '2230-6099'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060425710', 'display_name': 'Roy Purssell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Roy A Purssell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of British Columbia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of British Columbia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081943189', 'display_name': 'Larry D. Lynd', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-3919'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802832906', 'display_name': 'Vancouver General Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zg69r60', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141074466', 'https://openalex.org/I2799475292', 'https://openalex.org/I2802832906']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Larry D Lynd', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of British Columbia', 'Vancouver General Hospital'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of British Columbia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Vancouver General Hospital', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802832906']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048988952', 'display_name': 'Yoshikata Koga', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-0655'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yoshikata Koga', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of British Columbia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of British Columbia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.866, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 37, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.733553, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '23', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '189', 'last_page': '202'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11635', 'display_name': 'Management of Poisoning and Toxic Exposures', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2711', 'display_name': 'Emergency Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11635', 'display_name': 'Management of Poisoning and Toxic Exposures', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2711', 'display_name': 'Emergency Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11465', 'display_name': 'Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3004', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12840', 'display_name': 'Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease', 'score': 0.9966, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2727', 'display_name': 'Nephrology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-exposure-surveillance', 'display_name': 'Toxic Exposure Surveillance', 'score': 0.482283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-test', 'display_name': 'Screening test', 'score': 0.44366658}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781066024', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156', 'display_name': 'Alcohol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57154334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780161600', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153', 'display_name': 'Ethanol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50421035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779607525', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982', 'display_name': 'Methanol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47360018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777516009', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194207', 'display_name': 'Ethylene glycol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4723236}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46203685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45264274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3020067899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163564', 'display_name': 'Screening test', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44366658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33070731', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218', 'display_name': 'Toxicology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40043566}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33892918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25979596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16570053}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15518796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187212893', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09441519}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008403', 'descriptor_name': 'Mass Screening', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009994', 'descriptor_name': 'Osmolar Concentration', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011041', 'descriptor_name': 'Poisoning', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015262', 'descriptor_name': 'Xenobiotics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000506', 'qualifier_name': 'poisoning', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008403', 'descriptor_name': 'Mass Screening', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011041', 'descriptor_name': 'Poisoning', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011041', 'descriptor_name': 'Poisoning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015203', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproducibility of Results', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015262', 'descriptor_name': 'Xenobiotics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015262', 'descriptor_name': 'Xenobiotics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2165/00139709-200423030-00005', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S76873655', 'display_name': 'Toxicological Reviews', 'issn_l': '1176-2551', 'issn': ['1176-2551', '2230-6099'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15862085', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 79, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1568993432', 'https://openalex.org/W1607190847', 'https://openalex.org/W165018175', 'https://openalex.org/W1803505404', 'https://openalex.org/W1879190653', 'https://openalex.org/W1904463243', 'https://openalex.org/W1913741217', 'https://openalex.org/W1928125096', 'https://openalex.org/W1930092502', 'https://openalex.org/W1948621965', 'https://openalex.org/W1964379775', 'https://openalex.org/W1966674198', 'https://openalex.org/W1968154384', 'https://openalex.org/W1969527725', 'https://openalex.org/W1970106021', 'https://openalex.org/W1971348077', 'https://openalex.org/W1975042403', 'https://openalex.org/W1977777163', 'https://openalex.org/W1979418873', 'https://openalex.org/W1982931280', 'https://openalex.org/W1985553855', 'https://openalex.org/W1986092882', 'https://openalex.org/W1992404595', 'https://openalex.org/W1993253854', 'https://openalex.org/W2000836057', 'https://openalex.org/W2001239847', 'https://openalex.org/W2001830391', 'https://openalex.org/W2002807835', 'https://openalex.org/W2004083311', 'https://openalex.org/W2005483221', 'https://openalex.org/W2006760275', 'https://openalex.org/W2013024609', 'https://openalex.org/W2015795623', 'https://openalex.org/W2016647209', 'https://openalex.org/W2021256640', 'https://openalex.org/W2023669187', 'https://openalex.org/W2028295863', 'https://openalex.org/W2033108303', 'https://openalex.org/W2034235059', 'https://openalex.org/W2046552861', 'https://openalex.org/W2050386506', 'https://openalex.org/W2055503217', 'https://openalex.org/W2075006360', 'https://openalex.org/W2076048951', 'https://openalex.org/W2079330067', 'https://openalex.org/W2080905063', 'https://openalex.org/W2082056283', 'https://openalex.org/W2102512673', 'https://openalex.org/W2103836396', 'https://openalex.org/W2109679616', 'https://openalex.org/W2123280246', 'https://openalex.org/W2129303461', 'https://openalex.org/W2132145623', 'https://openalex.org/W2133750711', 'https://openalex.org/W2135773140', 'https://openalex.org/W2140543982', 'https://openalex.org/W2143208348', 'https://openalex.org/W2164082694', 'https://openalex.org/W2171208727', 'https://openalex.org/W2270009936', 'https://openalex.org/W2297635137', 'https://openalex.org/W2314301283', 'https://openalex.org/W2328265203', 'https://openalex.org/W2333061316', 'https://openalex.org/W2334314947', 'https://openalex.org/W2402111964', 'https://openalex.org/W2405674424', 'https://openalex.org/W2410101597', 'https://openalex.org/W2414101974', 'https://openalex.org/W2416198147', 'https://openalex.org/W2422740279', 'https://openalex.org/W2998360521', 'https://openalex.org/W3002302244', 'https://openalex.org/W4205773532', 'https://openalex.org/W4242992147', 'https://openalex.org/W4299393906', 'https://openalex.org/W4300615973', 'https://openalex.org/W4301719727', 'https://openalex.org/W72220115'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4316662638', 'https://openalex.org/W2418100112', 'https://openalex.org/W2403322145', 'https://openalex.org/W2373611490', 'https://openalex.org/W2370126060', 'https://openalex.org/W2088249402', 'https://openalex.org/W2074052481', 'https://openalex.org/W2028944838', 'https://openalex.org/W2000490990', 'https://openalex.org/W140851365'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018470108', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-15T05:51:28.305458', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}