Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2017078244', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2737160', 'title': 'Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of carbon‐doped aluminum oxide for film dosimetry in radiotherapy', 'display_name': 'Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of carbon‐doped aluminum oxide for film dosimetry in radiotherapy', 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-05-18', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2017078244', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2737160', 'mag': '2017078244', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17654914'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2737160', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95522064', 'display_name': 'Medical Physics', 'issn_l': '0094-2405', 'issn': ['0094-2405', '1522-8541', '2473-4209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066565807', 'display_name': 'V. Schembri', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I913958620', 'display_name': 'Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057w15z03', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I913958620']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801952686', 'display_name': 'Erasmus MC', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/018906e22', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801952686']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'V. Schembri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of radiation oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of radiation oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I913958620', 'https://openalex.org/I2801952686']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090717912', 'display_name': 'B. Heijmen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-0528'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I913958620', 'display_name': 'Erasmus University Rotterdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057w15z03', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I913958620']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801952686', 'display_name': 'Erasmus MC', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/018906e22', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801952686']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. J. M. Heijmen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of radiation oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of radiation oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I913958620', 'https://openalex.org/I2801952686']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3040, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3040, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.769, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 97, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999921, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '34', 'issue': '6Part1', 'first_page': '2113', 'last_page': '2118'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12468', 'display_name': 'Radiation Effects and Dosimetry', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12468', 'display_name': 'Radiation Effects and Dosimetry', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11216', 'display_name': 'Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10097', 'display_name': 'Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/optically-stimulated-luminescence', 'display_name': 'Optically stimulated luminescence', 'score': 0.9181152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-profile', 'display_name': 'Dose profile', 'score': 0.43857855}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125800877', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098909', 'display_name': 'Optically stimulated luminescence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9181152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75088862', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081', 'display_name': 'Dosimetry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8493609}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78346586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105636585', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303665', 'display_name': 'Dosimeter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52627856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111337013', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837', 'display_name': 'Irradiation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5079294}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48790714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151770136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640610', 'display_name': 'Ionization chamber', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4746728}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159317903', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198', 'display_name': 'Photon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46910506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63007395', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122891', 'display_name': 'Dose profile', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43857855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104293457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852', 'display_name': 'Imaging phantom', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4231996}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148869448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184240', 'display_name': 'Luminescence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4058971}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2989005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963', 'display_name': 'Nuclear medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27597326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198291218', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382', 'display_name': 'Ionization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2759327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25600463}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11242592}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10198921}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.06567976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145148216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496', 'display_name': 'Ion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000537', 'descriptor_name': 'Aluminum Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000528', 'qualifier_name': 'radiation effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000537', 'descriptor_name': 'Aluminum Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005373', 'descriptor_name': 'Film Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008163', 'descriptor_name': 'Luminescent Measurements', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055095', 'descriptor_name': 'Optics and Photonics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011878', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011880', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000537', 'descriptor_name': 'Aluminum Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000528', 'qualifier_name': 'radiation effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004307', 'descriptor_name': 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004867', 'descriptor_name': 'Equipment Design', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019544', 'descriptor_name': 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005373', 'descriptor_name': 'Film Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005373', 'descriptor_name': 'Film Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008163', 'descriptor_name': 'Luminescent Measurements', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008422', 'descriptor_name': 'Materials Testing', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055095', 'descriptor_name': 'Optics and Photonics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011829', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiation Dosage', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011878', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011880', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011880', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2737160', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95522064', 'display_name': 'Medical Physics', 'issn_l': '0094-2405', 'issn': ['0094-2405', '1522-8541', '2473-4209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17654914', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.77, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 16, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1492524608', 'https://openalex.org/W175192511', 'https://openalex.org/W1965325779', 'https://openalex.org/W1987915211', 'https://openalex.org/W1988617170', 'https://openalex.org/W1995771096', 'https://openalex.org/W2011490992', 'https://openalex.org/W2015757407', 'https://openalex.org/W2079568665', 'https://openalex.org/W2088673675', 'https://openalex.org/W2095572811', 'https://openalex.org/W2157067184', 'https://openalex.org/W2165604548', 'https://openalex.org/W2321104973', 'https://openalex.org/W2341508139', 'https://openalex.org/W2793716378'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3155183172', 'https://openalex.org/W3009731072', 'https://openalex.org/W298657778', 'https://openalex.org/W2580904510', 'https://openalex.org/W2158213223', 'https://openalex.org/W2071324754', 'https://openalex.org/W2061689081', 'https://openalex.org/W2015811274', 'https://openalex.org/W2011947015', 'https://openalex.org/W2001386226'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Introduction': [0], 'and': [1, 6, 40, 44, 70, 95, 98, 124, 148, 202, 224, 265, 278, 328, 330], 'Purpose:': [2], 'Conventional': [3], 'x‐ray': [4, 147, 280], 'films': [5, 8, 30, 48, 79, 140, 150, 171, 240, 286, 304], 'radiochromic': [7], 'have': [9, 19, 83, 132, 141, 172], 'inherent': [10], 'challenges': [11], 'for': [12, 35, 151, 180, 187, 239, 310], 'high': [13, 155, 160], 'precision': [14], 'radiotherapy': [15, 314], 'dosimetry.': [16], 'Here': [17], 'we': [18], 'investigated': [20], 'basic': [21], 'characteristics': [22], 'of': [23, 28, 50, 58, 61, 64, 77, 105, 162, 227, 260, 270, 284, 298, 302], 'optically': [24], 'stimulated': [25], 'luminescence': [26], '(OSL)': [27], 'irradiated': [29, 241, 303], 'containing': [31, 305], 'carbon‐doped': [32], 'aluminum': [33], 'oxide': [34], 'dosimetry': [36, 152, 312], 'in': [37, 86, 206, 289, 313], 'therapeutic': [38], 'photon': [39, 96, 188, 203], 'electron': [41, 99, 181, 194], 'beams.': [42, 100, 189], 'Materials': [43], 'Methods:': [45], 'The': [46, 74, 101, 200, 234], 'OSL': [47, 110, 139, 170, 178, 229, 300], 'consist': [49], 'a': [51, 55, 59, 68, 71, 87, 159, 258, 307, 331], 'polystyrene': [52], 'sheet,': [53], 'with': [54, 145, 158, 242, 315, 321], 'top': [56], 'layer': [57], 'mixture': [60], 'single': [62], 'crystals': [63], ',': [65, 119, 127, 129, 251, 261], 'ground': [66], 'into': [67], 'powder,': [69], 'polyester': [72], 'base.': [73], 'total': [75], 'thickness': [76], 'the': [78, 106, 154, 177, 192, 219, 221, 228, 243, 254, 263, 282, 285, 290, 299], 'is': [80, 287, 306], '.': [81, 233, 295, 335], 'Measurements': [82], 'been': [84, 133, 143, 173], 'performed': [85], 'water': [88], 'equivalent': [89], 'phantom,': [90], 'using': [91], '4,': [92], '6,': [93], '10,': [94], 'beams,': [97, 266], 'studies': [102], 'include': [103], 'assessment': [104], 'film': [107, 311], 'response': [108, 179, 207, 211, 230, 237, 269, 283, 319, 333], '(acquired': [109], 'signal/delivered': [111], 'dose)': [112], 'on': [113, 213, 253], 'delivered': [114], 'dose': [115, 117, 156, 164, 214, 245, 293, 322], '(linearity),': [116], 'rate': [118, 215], 'beam': [120, 195, 324], 'quality,': [121, 325], 'field': [122, 222, 326], 'size': [123, 223, 327], 'depth': [125, 225, 259], '(': [126], 'ranges': [128], ').': [130], 'Doses': [131], 'derived': [134], 'from': [135, 247, 334], 'ionization': [136], 'chamber': [137], 'measurements.': [138], 'also': [142], 'compared': [144], 'conventional': [146, 279], 'GafChromic': [149, 277], 'outside': [153, 262], 'area,': [157], 'proportion': [161], 'low': [163], 'scattered': [165], 'photons.': [166], 'In': [167, 274], 'total,': [168], '787': [169], 'irradiated.': [174], 'Results:': [175], 'Overall,': [176], 'beams': [182, 204], 'was': [183, 272], '3.6%': [184], 'lower': [185], 'than': [186], 'Differences': [190], 'between': [191], 'various': [193], 'energies': [196], 'were': [197, 216, 231], 'not': [198], 'significant.': [199], '6': [201, 264], 'differed': [205], 'by': [208], '4%.': [209], 'No': [210], 'dependencies': [212, 226], 'observed.': [217, 273], 'For': [218], 'beam,': [220], 'within': [232], 'observed': [235], 'inter‐film': [236], 'variation': [238], 'same': [244], 'varied': [246], '1%': [248], 'to': [249, 276], '3.2%': [250], 'depending': [252], 'measurement': [255], 'day.': [256], 'At': [257], 'an': [267], 'over': [268], '17%': [271], 'contrast': [275], 'films,': [281], 'linear': [288, 332], 'clinically': [291], 'relevant': [292], 'range': [294], 'Conclusions:': [296], 'Measurement': [297], 'signal': [301], 'promising': [308], 'technique': [309], 'no': [316], 'or': [317], 'small': [318], 'variations': [320], 'rate,': [323], 'depth,': [329]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017078244', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T21:51:02.582051', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}