Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2016951236', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1765', 'title': 'The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Circadian Clocks, and the Liver', 'display_name': 'The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Circadian Clocks, and the Liver', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-03-14', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2016951236', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1765', 'mag': '2016951236', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23520276', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3609582'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1765', 'pdf_url': 'https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/diabetes/62/4/1017.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S129060628', 'display_name': 'Diabetes', 'issn_l': '0012-1797', 'issn': ['0012-1797', '1939-327X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320274', 'host_organization_name': 'American Diabetes Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320274'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Diabetes Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'letter', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/diabetes/62/4/1017.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004416801', 'display_name': 'J. Radziuk', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800722420', 'display_name': 'Ottawa Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03c62dg59', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800722420']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153718931', 'display_name': 'University of Ottawa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03c4mmv16', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153718931']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jerry M. Radziuk', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800722420', 'https://openalex.org/I153718931']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5004416801'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800722420', 'https://openalex.org/I153718931'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 20, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.776316, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '62', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '1017', 'last_page': '1019'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10342', 'display_name': 'Circadian rhythm and melatonin', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2807', 'display_name': 'Endocrine and Autonomic Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10342', 'display_name': 'Circadian rhythm and melatonin', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2807', 'display_name': 'Endocrine and Autonomic Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11268', 'display_name': 'Light effects on plants', 'score': 0.9276, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12005', 'display_name': 'Spaceflight effects on biology', 'score': 0.9275, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/per2', 'display_name': 'PER2', 'score': 0.8745667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/per1', 'display_name': 'PER1', 'score': 0.8120274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillating-gene', 'display_name': 'Oscillating gene', 'score': 0.7398048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/master-clock', 'display_name': 'Master clock', 'score': 0.4522106}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779317972', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156516', 'display_name': 'Suprachiasmatic nucleus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.88559234}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779064383', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15323251', 'display_name': 'PER2', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8745667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780360009', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15326762', 'display_name': 'PER1', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8120274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38606739', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121352', 'display_name': 'Circadian clock', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.75031716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125168821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106408', 'display_name': 'Oscillating gene', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.7398048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144543706', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85754737', 'display_name': 'Cryptochrome', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7240233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.67412025}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184738001', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14908739', 'display_name': 'CLOCK', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.62163514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121446783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208353', 'display_name': 'Circadian rhythm', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.605402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201176492', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546168', 'display_name': 'Light effects on circadian rhythm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.49070895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45414636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65595194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000863', 'display_name': 'Master clock', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4522106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45170793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43426824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781291010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580', 'display_name': 'Period (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43067807}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3762108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09226391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137059387', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882', 'display_name': 'Clock signal', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134146338', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901', 'display_name': 'Electronic circuit', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002940', 'descriptor_name': 'Circadian Rhythm', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004734', 'descriptor_name': 'Energy Metabolism', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007328', 'descriptor_name': 'Insulin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013493', 'descriptor_name': 'Suprachiasmatic Nucleus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002940', 'descriptor_name': 'Circadian Rhythm', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004734', 'descriptor_name': 'Energy Metabolism', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007328', 'descriptor_name': 'Insulin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013493', 'descriptor_name': 'Suprachiasmatic Nucleus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1765', 'pdf_url': 'https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/diabetes/62/4/1017.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S129060628', 'display_name': 'Diabetes', 'issn_l': '0012-1797', 'issn': ['0012-1797', '1939-327X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320274', 'host_organization_name': 'American Diabetes Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320274'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Diabetes Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3609582', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3609582?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609582', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23520276', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1765', 'pdf_url': 'https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/diabetes/62/4/1017.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S129060628', 'display_name': 'Diabetes', 'issn_l': '0012-1797', 'issn': ['0012-1797', '1939-327X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320274', 'host_organization_name': 'American Diabetes Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320274'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Diabetes Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1543971242', 'https://openalex.org/W1545340244', 'https://openalex.org/W1973259490', 'https://openalex.org/W1976540475', 'https://openalex.org/W1980704558', 'https://openalex.org/W1984695748', 'https://openalex.org/W2015685907', 'https://openalex.org/W2035809873', 'https://openalex.org/W2039145267', 'https://openalex.org/W2043225484', 'https://openalex.org/W2046850777', 'https://openalex.org/W2052844204', 'https://openalex.org/W2070753981', 'https://openalex.org/W2074773412', 'https://openalex.org/W2077404705', 'https://openalex.org/W2114382885', 'https://openalex.org/W2127992904', 'https://openalex.org/W2131281261', 'https://openalex.org/W2136386853', 'https://openalex.org/W2141478497', 'https://openalex.org/W2164628441', 'https://openalex.org/W2168242005'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2271811454', 'https://openalex.org/W2188028020', 'https://openalex.org/W2135658843', 'https://openalex.org/W2127447141', 'https://openalex.org/W2105185711', 'https://openalex.org/W2084887961', 'https://openalex.org/W2071335236', 'https://openalex.org/W2035006113', 'https://openalex.org/W1965201873', 'https://openalex.org/W103616653'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 16, 123, 210], 'circadian': [1, 124, 289], 'clock': [2, 57, 91, 125, 231, 290], 'system': [3, 171], 'adapts': [4, 291], 'phasic': [5], 'physiological': [6], 'activities,': [7], 'such': [8], 'as': [9], 'sleeping': [10], 'and': [11, 25, 77, 84, 111, 114, 120, 135, 146, 167, 259], 'eating,': [12], 'to': [13, 71, 193, 195, 207, 251, 292], 'environmental': [14, 263], 'cycles.': [15], '“master': [17], 'clock”': [18], 'is': [19, 30, 58, 179, 204], 'in': [20, 85, 132, 217, 232, 279], 'the': [21, 26, 31, 56, 65, 82, 88, 107, 152, 188, 191, 198, 208, 229, 233, 243, 271, 288], 'suprachiasmatic': [22], 'nucleus': [23], '(SCN)': [24], 'principal': [27], 'cue': [28], '(Zeitgeber)': [29], 'light–dark': [32, 272], 'cycle,': [33], 'around': [34, 128], 'which': [35, 133], 'most': [36], 'mammalian': [37], '(and': [38, 102], 'those': [39], 'of': [40, 94, 137, 197, 242], 'all': [41], 'living': [42], 'organisms)': [43], 'functions': [44], 'have': [45], 'evolved.': [46], 'In': [47], 'our': [48], 'society,': [49], 'with': [50, 68, 157, 175, 262, 285], 'activity': [51, 66, 139], '24': [52, 181], 'h': [53, 182], 'per': [54], 'day,': [55], 'frequently': [59], 'overridden': [60], 'or': [61, 245], 'does': [62], 'not': [63], 'match': [64], 'schedule,': [67], 'increased': [69], 'susceptibility': [70], 'disease': [72], '(obesity,': [73], 'type': [74], '2': [75], 'diabetes,': [76], 'their': [78], 'cardiovascular': [79], 'sequelae)': [80], 'resulting.\n\nIn': [81], 'SCN': [83, 189, 234], 'other': [86, 260], 'cells,': [87], 'core': [89], 'molecular': [90, 212], 'mechanism': [92, 126], 'consists': [93], 'specific': [95], 'genes': [96], '(“clock”': [97], 'genes).': [98], 'These': [99], 'include': [100], 'Clock': [101], 'Npas2)': [103], ',': [104, 106, 113], 'Bmal': [105], 'period': [108, 177, 192, 203], 'homologs,': [109], 'Per1': [110], 'Per2': [112], 'cryptochrome': [115], '1': [116], '(': [117], 'Cry1': [118], ')': [119], 'Cry2': [121], '.': [122], 'revolves': [127], 'transcription–translation': [129], 'feedback': [130, 160], 'loops,': [131], 'repression': [134], 'activation': [136], 'transcriptional': [138], 'are': [140, 214, 267], 'dependent': [141], 'on': [142, 201], 'dimerization,': [143], 'posttranslational': [144], 'modification,': [145], 'degradation': [147], 'rate': [148], 'constants': [149], 'that': [150, 178, 196, 256], 'define': [151], 'reactions.': [153], 'Kinetically': [154], '(in': [155], 'conjunction': [156], 'a': [158, 176, 253], 'secondary': [159], 'loop': [161], 'comprising': [162], 'nuclear': [163], 'receptor': [164], 'genes,': [165], 'Reverbs': [166], 'Rors': [168], '),': [169], 'this': [170, 202, 280], 'defines': [172], 'an': [173], 'oscillator': [174], 'near': [180], '(1,2).': [183], 'Photic': [184], 'cues': [185], 'channeled': [186], 'via': [187], 'fine-tune': [190], 'correspond': [194], 'environment.': [199], 'Information': [200], 'then': [205], 'transmitted': [206], 'periphery.': [209], 'same': [211], 'clocks': [213, 239], 'also': [215], 'found': [216], 'peripheral': [218, 238], 'cells': [219], '(e.g.,': [220, 247], 'kidney,': [221], 'liver,': [222], 'pancreas).': [223], 'They': [224], 'can': [225], 'function': [226], 'autonomously.': [227], 'However,': [228], 'master': [230], 'generally': [235], 'coordinates': [236], 'these': [237, 293], 'by': [240, 270], 'way': [241], 'autonomic': [244], 'humoral': [246], 'corticosteroids,': [248], 'melatonin)': [249], 'routes': [250], 'generate': [252], 'synchronized': [254], 'signal': [255], 'aligns': [257], 'metabolic': [258], 'activities': [261], 'conditions': [264], '(1,3).\n\nSleep–waking': [265], 'cycles': [266], 'clearly': [268], 'set': [269], 'cycle.': [273, 281], 'Disrupted': [274], 'sleep': [275], 'patterns': [276], 'impose': [277], 'alterations': [278], 'As,': [282], 'for': [283], 'example,': [284], 'jet': [286], 'lag,': [287], 'changes': [294], '(4': [295], '…': [296]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016951236', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T02:38:07.548759', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}