Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2014149181', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03291', 'title': 'The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica', 'display_name': 'The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2014149181', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03291', 'mag': '2014149181', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15729342'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03291', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03291.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03291.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088084068', 'display_name': 'Brendan Loftus', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-8356'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Brendan Loftus', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004231392', 'display_name': 'Iain Anderson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Iain Anderson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012552238', 'display_name': 'Rob Davies', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rob Davies', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033242349', 'display_name': 'U. Cecilia M. Alsmark', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84884186', 'display_name': 'Newcastle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kj2bm70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'U. Cecilia M. Alsmark', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Biology, University of Newcastle, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Biology, University of Newcastle, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068327402', 'display_name': 'John Samuelson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-3040'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111088046', 'display_name': 'Boston University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qwgg493', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111088046']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John Samuelson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111088046']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056095952', 'display_name': 'Paolo Amedeo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-1724'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paolo Amedeo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057233874', 'display_name': 'Paola Roncaglia', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-0621'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paola Roncaglia', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026207705', 'display_name': 'Matthew Berriman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-0377'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matt Berriman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086891018', 'display_name': 'Robert P. Hirt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-9958'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84884186', 'display_name': 'Newcastle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kj2bm70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert P. Hirt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Biology, University of Newcastle, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Biology, University of Newcastle, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031444461', 'display_name': 'Barbara J. Mann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-2562'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Barbara J. Mann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024380087', 'display_name': 'Tomo Nozaki', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210086300', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/001ggbx22', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1333985979', 'https://openalex.org/I4210086300']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tomo Nozaki', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210086300']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084683713', 'display_name': 'Bernard Suh', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bernard Suh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064979917', 'display_name': 'Mihai Pop', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-5304'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mihai Pop', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069727284', 'display_name': 'Michael Duchêne', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1232-3600'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76134821', 'display_name': 'Medical University of Vienna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05n3x4p02', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76134821']}], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Duchene', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095, Vienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095, Vienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76134821']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012391765', 'display_name': 'J P Ackers', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-0214'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'display_name': 'London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00a0jsq62', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'display_name': 'University of London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04cw6st05', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John Ackers', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I124357947']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052798102', 'display_name': 'Egbert Tannich', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-7275'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94402716', 'display_name': 'Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01evwfd48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I94402716']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Egbert Tannich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94402716']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046519659', 'display_name': 'Matthias Leippe', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0994-3295'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32021983', 'display_name': 'Kiel University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v76ef78', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32021983']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthias Leippe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32021983']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033187607', 'display_name': 'Margit Hofer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76134821', 'display_name': 'Medical University of Vienna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05n3x4p02', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76134821']}], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Margit Hofer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095, Vienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095, Vienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76134821']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047320258', 'display_name': 'Iris Bruchhaus', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-7409'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94402716', 'display_name': 'Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01evwfd48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I94402716']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Iris Bruchhaus', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94402716']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064136361', 'display_name': 'Ute Willhoeft', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-2125'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I94402716', 'display_name': 'Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01evwfd48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I94402716']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ute Willhoeft', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I94402716']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031877851', 'display_name': 'Alok Bhattacharya', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-6355'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152429107', 'display_name': 'Jawaharlal Nehru University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0567v8t28', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152429107']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alok Bhattacharya', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152429107']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081608097', 'display_name': 'Tracey Chillingworth', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tracey Chillingworth', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046593765', 'display_name': 'Carol Churcher', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Carol Churcher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073817255', 'display_name': 'Zahra Hance', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zahra Hance', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083129544', 'display_name': 'Barbara Harris', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Barbara Harris', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5105411465', 'display_name': 'David Harris', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-5126'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Harris', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021923345', 'display_name': 'Kay Jagels', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kay Jagels', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081422898', 'display_name': 'Sharon Moule', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sharon Moule', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052194762', 'display_name': 'Andrew J. Mungall', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-2742'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Karen Mungall', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091518008', 'display_name': 'Doug Ormond', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Doug Ormond', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001952307', 'display_name': 'Rob Squares', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rob Squares', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005655450', 'display_name': 'Sally Whitehead', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sally Whitehead', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024868279', 'display_name': 'Michael A. Quail', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-0483'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael A. Quail', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069244024', 'display_name': 'Ester Rabbinowitsch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ester Rabbinowitsch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011723632', 'display_name': 'Halina Norbertczak', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-2888'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Halina Norbertczak', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015384750', 'display_name': 'Claire Price', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-4835'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Claire Price', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100401133', 'display_name': 'Zheng Wang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-0728'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zheng Wang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049181453', 'display_name': 'Nancy Guillén', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-9012'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154526488', 'display_name': 'Inserm', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vjkv261', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154526488']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157536573', 'display_name': 'Institut Pasteur', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0495fxg12', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nancy Guillén', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Unite de Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme, INSERM U389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex, 15, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Unite de Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme, INSERM U389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex, 15, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154526488', 'https://openalex.org/I157536573']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010453779', 'display_name': 'Carol A. Gilchrist', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-1034'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Carol Gilchrist', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080601121', 'display_name': 'Suzanne Stroup', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Suzanne E. Stroup', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072103359', 'display_name': 'Sudha Bhattacharya', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5606-9347'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152429107', 'display_name': 'Jawaharlal Nehru University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0567v8t28', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152429107']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sudha Bhattacharya', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152429107']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087045448', 'display_name': 'Anuradha Lohia', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-5738'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152754861', 'display_name': 'Bose Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01a5mqy88', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152754861']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Anuradha Lohia', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, 700054, Kolkata, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, 700054, Kolkata, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152754861']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5067275965', 'display_name': 'Peter G. Foster', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0194-9237'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1336856363', 'display_name': 'Natural History Museum', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/039zvsn29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'archive', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1336856363']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter G. Foster', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1336856363']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060493208', 'display_name': 'Thomas Sicheritz‐Pontén', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-1141'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I96673099', 'display_name': 'Technical University of Denmark', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04qtj9h94', 'country_code': 'DK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I96673099']}], 'countries': ['DK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I96673099']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102000154', 'display_name': 'Christian Weber', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-6633'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I154526488', 'display_name': 'Inserm', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vjkv261', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I154526488']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157536573', 'display_name': 'Institut Pasteur', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0495fxg12', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christian Weber', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Unite de Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme, INSERM U389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex, 15, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Unite de Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme, INSERM U389, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex, 15, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I154526488', 'https://openalex.org/I157536573']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062822575', 'display_name': 'Upinder Singh', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-0306'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Upinder Singh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5107, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5107, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069552547', 'display_name': 'Chandrama Mukherjee', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-1295'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152754861', 'display_name': 'Bose Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01a5mqy88', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152754861']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chandrama Mukherjee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, 700054, Kolkata, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, 700054, Kolkata, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152754861']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078974968', 'display_name': 'Najib M. El-Sayed', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-3312'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Najib M. El-Sayed', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050404191', 'display_name': 'William A. Petri', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-1218'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51556381', 'display_name': 'University of Virginia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0153tk833', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'William A. Petri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Internal Medicine & Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51556381']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053410614', 'display_name': 'C Graham Clark', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0521-0977'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'display_name': 'London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00a0jsq62', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'display_name': 'University of London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04cw6st05', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Graham Clark', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'https://openalex.org/I124357947']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027232446', 'display_name': 'T. Martin Embley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-340X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84884186', 'display_name': 'Newcastle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kj2bm70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. Martin Embley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Biology, University of Newcastle, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Biology, University of Newcastle, King George VI Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086066160', 'display_name': 'Bart Barrell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bart Barrell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058677050', 'display_name': 'Claire M. Fraser', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-2428'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Claire M. Fraser', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIGR, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057145757', 'display_name': 'Neil Hall', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-0009'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'display_name': 'Wellcome Sanger Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cy4wa09', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451', 'https://openalex.org/I87048295']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Neil Hall', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802476451']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 8, 'institutions_distinct_count': 17, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5088084068'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 9750, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 11690, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 9750, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 11690, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 44.228, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 815, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999858, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '433', 'issue': '7028', 'first_page': '865', 'last_page': '868'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12463', 'display_name': 'Amoebiasis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Management', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12463', 'display_name': 'Amoebiasis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Management', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11086', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Parasitic Diseases', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12578', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Management of Abdominal Tuberculosis', 'score': 0.9473, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/giardia-lamblia', 'display_name': 'Giardia lamblia', 'score': 0.7660893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/entamoeba-histolytica', 'display_name': 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'score': 0.624315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'score': 0.531431}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/protist', 'display_name': 'Protist', 'score': 0.48965985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/giardia', 'display_name': 'Giardia', 'score': 0.47392827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-gene-transfer', 'display_name': 'Horizontal gene transfer', 'score': 0.44378144}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776867272', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131027', 'display_name': 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8966811}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8422464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7964206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780626423', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155630', 'display_name': 'Giardia lamblia', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7660893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6320509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5560154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60987743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232', 'display_name': 'Virulence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5486326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778330419', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10892', 'display_name': 'Protist', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48965985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777271458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469628', 'display_name': 'Giardia', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47392827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92938381', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83185', 'display_name': 'Horizontal gene transfer', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.44378144}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004748', 'descriptor_name': 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018503', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome, Protozoan', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010271', 'descriptor_name': 'Parasites', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004748', 'descriptor_name': 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004748', 'descriptor_name': 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004748', 'descriptor_name': 'Entamoeba histolytica', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019143', 'descriptor_name': 'Evolution, Molecular', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005285', 'descriptor_name': 'Fermentation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022761', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Transfer, Horizontal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022761', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Transfer, Horizontal', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006019', 'descriptor_name': 'Glycolysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018384', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidative Stress', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018384', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidative Stress', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010271', 'descriptor_name': 'Parasites', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010271', 'descriptor_name': 'Parasites', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010271', 'descriptor_name': 'Parasites', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010802', 'descriptor_name': 'Phylogeny', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015398', 'descriptor_name': 'Signal Transduction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014774', 'descriptor_name': 'Virulence', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014774', 'descriptor_name': 'Virulence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03291', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03291.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15729342', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03291', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03291.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17', 'score': 0.48, 'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 31, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1164935966', 'https://openalex.org/W1604906367', 'https://openalex.org/W1970690161', 'https://openalex.org/W1995745005', 'https://openalex.org/W2000757976', 'https://openalex.org/W2003624451', 'https://openalex.org/W2006618624', 'https://openalex.org/W2020137054', 'https://openalex.org/W2029423003', 'https://openalex.org/W2040078492', 'https://openalex.org/W2052809531', 'https://openalex.org/W2060363895', 'https://openalex.org/W2061746072', 'https://openalex.org/W2096500351', 'https://openalex.org/W2097005555', 'https://openalex.org/W2121840477', 'https://openalex.org/W2125415845', 'https://openalex.org/W2132372375', 'https://openalex.org/W2141885858', 'https://openalex.org/W2143947945', 'https://openalex.org/W2149429041', 'https://openalex.org/W2150471837', 'https://openalex.org/W2150864606', 'https://openalex.org/W2154723180', 'https://openalex.org/W2154751623', 'https://openalex.org/W2161444534', 'https://openalex.org/W2161668137', 'https://openalex.org/W2171792967', 'https://openalex.org/W2337233467', 'https://openalex.org/W4210400672', 'https://openalex.org/W4211257403'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4229991496', 'https://openalex.org/W3170786763', 'https://openalex.org/W3165944718', 'https://openalex.org/W3107814874', 'https://openalex.org/W2940796068', 'https://openalex.org/W2921997502', 'https://openalex.org/W2619997356', 'https://openalex.org/W2401152144', 'https://openalex.org/W2116755885', 'https://openalex.org/W1983450937'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Entamoeba': [0], 'histolytica': [1, 88, 117], 'is': [2, 13], 'an': [3, 155], 'intestinal': [4], 'parasite': [5], 'and': [6, 19, 48, 62, 108, 137, 181], 'the': [7, 27, 63, 86, 90, 109, 121, 169, 173, 179], 'causative': [8], 'agent': [9], 'of': [10, 17, 29, 36, 57, 65, 82, 92, 98, 105, 123, 133, 140, 143, 157, 172, 184], 'amoebiasis,': [11], 'which': [12, 32, 93, 162], 'a': [14, 34, 130, 141, 165, 185], 'significant': [15], 'source': [16], 'morbidity': [18], 'mortality': [20], 'in': [21, 115, 168], 'developing': [22], 'countries.': [23], 'Here': [24], 'we': [25], 'present': [26], 'genome': [28, 128, 152, 174, 182], 'E.': [30, 87, 99, 116], 'histolytica,': [31], 'reveals': [33], 'variety': [35, 142], 'metabolic': [37, 60, 101, 113], 'adaptations': [38, 52], 'shared': [39], 'with': [40, 71, 149], 'two': [41], 'other': [42], 'amitochondrial': [43], 'protist': [44], 'pathogens:': [45], 'Giardia': [46], 'lamblia': [47], 'Trichomonas': [49], 'vaginalis.': [50], 'These': [51], 'include': [53, 154], 'reduction': [54], 'or': [55], 'elimination': [56], 'most': [58], 'mitochondrial': [59], 'pathways': [61, 114], 'use': [64], 'oxidative': [66], 'stress': [67], 'enzymes': [68], 'generally': [69], 'associated': [70, 148], 'anaerobic': [72], 'prokaryotes.': [73], 'Phylogenomic': [74], 'analysis': [75], 'identifies': [76], 'evidence': [77], 'for': [78, 111, 120], 'lateral': [79], 'gene': [80, 144], 'transfer': [81], 'bacterial': [83], 'genes': [84, 107], 'into': [85, 178], 'genome,': [89], 'effects': [91], 'centre': [94], 'on': [95], 'expanding': [96], 'aspects': [97], "histolytica's": [100], 'repertoire.': [102], 'The': [103, 127], 'presence': [104], 'these': [106], 'potential': [110], 'novel': [112, 134], 'may': [118, 163], 'allow': [119], 'development': [122], 'new': [124, 176], 'chemotherapeutic': [125], 'agents.': [126], 'encodes': [129], 'large': [131], 'number': [132], 'receptor': [135], 'kinases': [136], 'contains': [138], 'expansions': [139], 'families,': [145], 'including': [146], 'those': [147], 'virulence.': [150], 'Additional': [151], 'features': [153], 'abundance': [156], 'tandemly': [158], 'repeated': [159], 'transfer-RNA-containing': [160], 'arrays,': [161], 'have': [164], 'structural': [166], 'function': [167], 'genome.': [170], 'Analysis': [171], 'provides': [175], 'insights': [177], 'workings': [180], 'evolution': [183], 'major': [186], 'human': [187], 'pathogen.': [188]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014149181', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 43}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-18T19:33:24.594934', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}