Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2014069721', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00047a002', 'title': 'Self-Immolative Prodrugs: Candidates for Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy in Conjunction with a Nitroreductase Enzyme', 'display_name': 'Self-Immolative Prodrugs: Candidates for Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy in Conjunction with a Nitroreductase Enzyme', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2014069721', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00047a002', 'mag': '2014069721', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7932574'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00047a002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S162030435', 'display_name': 'Journal of Medicinal Chemistry', 'issn_l': '0022-2623', 'issn': ['0022-2623', '1520-4804'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110093312', 'display_name': 'Anthony B. Mauger', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I142947616', 'display_name': 'Institute of Cancer Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043jzw605', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I142947616']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Anthony B. Mauger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CRC Centre for Cancer Therapeutics at the Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CRC Centre for Cancer Therapeutics at the Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I142947616']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108397649', 'display_name': 'Philip J. Burke', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Philip J. Burke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088988897', 'display_name': 'Hanif H. Somani', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hanif H. Somani', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056421558', 'display_name': 'Frank Friedlos', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frank Friedlos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109893118', 'display_name': 'Richard J. Knox', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard J. Knox', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.175, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 114, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.975957, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '21', 'first_page': '3452', 'last_page': '3458'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11016', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11016', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11440', 'display_name': 'Click Chemistry and Applications', 'score': 0.9907, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10602', 'display_name': 'Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research', 'score': 0.9877, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nitroreductase', 'display_name': 'Nitroreductase', 'score': 0.9420472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/adept', 'display_name': 'Adept', 'score': 0.5192616}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.952163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781326480', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7041501', 'display_name': 'Nitroreductase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9420472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108215921', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603741', 'display_name': 'Prodrug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9414506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7340473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776904630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356336', 'display_name': 'Adept', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5192616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48687664}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3788013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000970', 'descriptor_name': 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000138', 'qualifier_name': 'chemical synthesis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003609', 'descriptor_name': 'Dactinomycin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000031', 'qualifier_name': 'analogs & derivatives', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000922', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunotoxins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009601', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitroreductases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011355', 'descriptor_name': 'Prodrugs', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000138', 'qualifier_name': 'chemical synthesis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000970', 'descriptor_name': 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003609', 'descriptor_name': 'Dactinomycin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003609', 'descriptor_name': 'Dactinomycin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000138', 'qualifier_name': 'chemical synthesis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003609', 'descriptor_name': 'Dactinomycin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003609', 'descriptor_name': 'Dactinomycin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000922', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunotoxins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008807', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015394', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Structure', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009374', 'descriptor_name': 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009374', 'descriptor_name': 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009601', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitroreductases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011355', 'descriptor_name': 'Prodrugs', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014407', 'descriptor_name': 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00047a002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S162030435', 'display_name': 'Journal of Medicinal Chemistry', 'issn_l': '0022-2623', 'issn': ['0022-2623', '1520-4804'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7932574', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.77}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W51240952', 'https://openalex.org/W4243442759', 'https://openalex.org/W2978745653', 'https://openalex.org/W2926519584', 'https://openalex.org/W2413844292', 'https://openalex.org/W2175546597', 'https://openalex.org/W2063052043', 'https://openalex.org/W2039026541', 'https://openalex.org/W1964706227', 'https://openalex.org/W1494269874'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ADVERTISEMENT': [0], 'RETURN': [1], 'TO': [2], 'ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Immolative': [3], 'Prodrugs:': [4], 'Candidates': [5], 'for': [6, 157], 'Antibody-Directed': [7], 'Enzyme': [8], 'Prodrug': [9], 'Therapy': [10], 'in': [11], 'Conjunction': [12], 'with': [13, 146, 181], 'a': [14, 122, 129, 142], 'Nitroreductase': [15], 'EnzymeAnthony': [16], 'B.': [17], 'Mauger,': [18], 'Philip': [19], 'J.': [20, 29, 32], 'Burke,': [21], 'Hanif': [22], 'H.': [23], 'Somani,': [24], 'Frank': [25], 'Friedlos,': [26], 'and': [27, 74, 79, 108, 152, 169, 185, 187], 'Richard': [28], 'KnoxCite': [30], 'this:': [31], 'Med.': [33], 'Chem.': [34], '1994,': [35], '37,': [36], '21,': [37], '3452–3458Publication': [38], 'Date': [39], '(Print):October': [40], '1,': [41], '1994Publication': [42], 'History': [43], 'Published': [44], 'online1': [45], 'May': [46], '2002Published': [47], 'inissue': [48], '1': [49], 'October': [50], '1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00047a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00047a002research-articleACS': [51], 'PublicationsRequest': [52], 'reuse': [53], 'permissionsArticle': [54], 'Views1312Altmetric-Citations94LEARN': [55], 'ABOUT': [56], 'THESE': [57], 'METRICSArticle': [58], 'Views': [59], 'are': [60, 83, 96], 'the': [61, 92, 97, 126, 137, 150, 153, 158, 165, 171], 'COUNTER-compliant': [62], 'sum': [63], 'of': [64, 99, 125], 'full': [65], 'text': [66], 'article': [67, 131], 'downloads': [68], 'since': [69], 'November': [70], '2008': [71], '(both': [72], 'PDF': [73], 'HTML)': [75], 'across': [76], 'all': [77], 'institutions': [78], 'individuals.': [80], 'These': [81], 'metrics': [82], 'regularly': [84], 'updated': [85, 109], 'to': [86, 91], 'reflect': [87], 'usage': [88], 'leading': [89], 'up': [90], 'last': [93], 'few': [94], 'days.Citations': [95], 'number': [98], 'other': [100], 'articles': [101], 'citing': [102], 'this': [103], 'article,': [104], 'calculated': [105], 'by': [106], 'Crossref': [107, 115], 'daily.': [110], 'Find': [111, 161], 'more': [112, 162], 'information': [113, 163], 'about': [114, 149], 'citation': [116], 'counts.The': [117], 'Altmetric': [118, 166], 'Attention': [119, 167], 'Score': [120, 168], 'is': [121, 173], 'quantitative': [123], 'measure': [124], 'attention': [127], 'that': [128], 'research': [130], 'has': [132], 'received': [133], 'online.': [134], 'Clicking': [135], 'on': [136, 164], 'donut': [138], 'icon': [139], 'will': [140], 'load': [141], 'page': [143], 'at': [144], 'altmetric.com': [145], 'additional': [147], 'details': [148], 'score': [151, 172], 'social': [154], 'media': [155], 'presence': [156], 'given': [159], 'article.': [160], 'how': [170], 'calculated.': [174], 'Share': [175, 190], 'Add': [176], 'toView': [177], 'InAdd': [178], 'Full': [179], 'Text': [180], 'ReferenceAdd': [182], 'Description': [183], 'ExportRISCitationCitation': [184], 'abstractCitation': [186], 'referencesMore': [188], 'Options': [189], 'onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked': [191], 'InRedditEmail': [192], 'Other': [193], 'access': [194], 'optionsGet': [195], 'e-Alertsclose': [196], 'Get': [197], 'e-Alerts': [198]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014069721', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T17:15:35.339012', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}