Publication Information

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3292], '1929': [115], 'first': [118, 2309, 2552, 2843, 2907, 2974, 3283, 3322], 'its': [120, 1252, 1647, 1673, 2031, 2705, 3408, 3621], 'kind': [121, 3588], 'written': [122, 333, 560, 852], 'Chinese.': [124, 879], 'theory': [126, 160], 'denaturation': [128], 'based': [129], 'series': [132, 1331], 'thorough': [134], 'studies': [135, 178, 238, 408, 1138, 1353, 2953], 'Chinese': [140, 809, 858, 1032, 1054, 1181, 1435, 1792, 1963, 1983, 2022, 2115, 2272, 2670, 2682, 3104, 3134, 3270, 3286, 3297, 3318, 3362, 3384, 3404, 3412, 3463, 3517, 3560, 3574, 3624], 'Journal': [141, 3298], 'Physiology': [143, 726, 803, 823, 1116], '1931': [145], '(1)': [146], 'republished': [149], 'Advances': [151], 'Protein': [153], '1995': [156], '(2)': [157], 'because': [158, 2703], 'proposed': [162, 1268], '64': [163], 'years': [164, 489, 641, 901], 'ago': [165], 'is': [166, 368, 869, 1937, 2042, 2772, 3157, 3245, 3446], 'surprisingly': [167], 'consistent': [168], 'our': [170], 'present': [171, 3409], 'knowledge': [172], 'structure.': [175, 1675], 'Through': [176, 1747], 'biochemical': [177, 237, 305, 379, 993, 1137, 3258], 'laboratory,': [181, 518], 'trained': [183, 317, 362], 'many': [184, 644, 1375, 1943, 2173, 2240, 3143], 'visiting': [185, 962, 2250, 2273], 'scholars': [186, 2251, 3120], 'graduate': [188, 321, 654, 1076, 1083, 1121, 2253, 2317], 'students,': [189], 'they': [191, 967, 1201, 2584], 'afterwards': [192], 'became': [193], 'leaders': [195], 'other': [199, 342, 598, 1370, 1969, 2063, 2560, 3224, 3594], 'Unfortunately,': [202], 'this': [203, 591, 601, 1748, 1753, 2072, 2203, 2326, 2832, 2922, 2956, 3140, 3216, 3289, 3564, 3640], 'golden': [204], 'period': [205], 'ended': [206, 443, 2199], 'after': [207, 219, 904, 1042, 1074, 1087, 3603], 'Japan': [208], 'had': [209, 316, 548, 634, 1476, 2104], 'invaded': [210], 'China': [211, 235, 637, 850, 905, 922, 977, 998, 1047, 1086, 1400, 1519, 2222, 2259, 2303, 2604, 3173, 3221, 3244, 3261, 3419, 3454, 3542], '1937': [213, 732], 'occupied': [215], '1942': [218], 'Pacific': [221], 'War.': [222], 'During': [223, 2202, 3346, 3481], 'anti-Japanese': [225], 'War,': [226], 'most': [227, 1151, 2357, 2378, 3081], 'universities': [228, 447, 1147], 'colleges': [231, 450], 'moved': [232, 451, 781], 'Southwest': [234, 391], 'but': [236, 1661, 2055, 2348, 3251], 'did': [239, 1158, 1349, 2733, 3341], 'not': [240, 1159, 1650, 2341, 2734, 3246, 3342], 'stop,': [241], 'even': [242, 3025], 'under': [243, 2787], 'very': [244, 606, 3344], 'harsh': [245], 'conditions.': [246, 2790], 'For': [247], 'instance,': [248], 'Central': [254, 745, 783], 'University': [255, 359, 393, 465, 693, 784, 863, 955, 1576, 1761, 2297, 2874, 2904], 'Ji': [258], 'Zheng': [259], '(Libin': [260], 'T.': [261, 855, 1506, 3531], 'Cheng)': [262], 'continued': [263], 'do': [265, 1164], 'nutrition': [266], 'research': [267, 306, 380, 910, 994, 1144, 1191, 1490, 1562, 1805, 2228, 2338, 2987, 3019], 'Chengdu.': [269], 'In': [270, 313, 503, 516, 776, 1051, 1098, 1128, 1146, 1198, 1226, 1264, 1307, 1321, 1341, 1423, 1726, 1764, 2255, 2275, 2932, 2995, 3060, 3129, 3139, 3187, 3401, 3425, 3452, 3459], '1938': [271, 3313], '1945,': [273, 445], 'respectively,': [274], 'Bang-Zhe': [275], 'Ren': [276], '(P.': [277], 'C.': [278, 501, 575, 684, 925, 3500, 3528], 'Jen)': [279], 'coming': [280, 965, 1455], 'back': [281, 452, 470, 697, 1456, 3124, 3136, 3265], 'from': [282, 293, 463, 577, 589, 675, 690, 729, 782, 887, 911, 1023, 1205, 1336, 1457, 1646, 1849, 1981, 2061, 2114, 2158, 2591, 3456, 3534], 'H.': [283, 578, 1507, 1511], 'B.': [284, 579, 2441, 3532], "Lewis'": [285], 'lab': [286, 295, 303, 669, 1494, 1498], 'Ann': [288], 'Arbor': [289], 'Ying-Lai': [291, 648, 778, 1215, 1238, 1380, 3470, 3484], 'Wang': [292, 649, 779, 1216, 1234, 1239, 1381, 1450, 1538, 3471, 3485], "Keilin's": [294], 'Cambridge': [297], 'joined': [298, 1899, 1915, 3288, 3388, 3420, 3472, 3544], 'him,': [299], 'thus,': [300], 'making': [301], 'center': [307, 381], 'vast': [310], 'unoccupied': [311], 'area.': [312], 'teaching,': [314], 'both': [318], 'undergraduate': [319], 'students': [322, 645, 655, 1063, 1084, 2307, 2318], 'using': [323, 510, 539, 2428], "Bodansky's": [324], 'A': [328, 841], 'Laboratory': [329], 'Manual': [330], 'himself,': [335], 'which': [336, 2192, 2467], 'also': [338, 603, 780, 1060, 1362, 1662, 2349, 2783, 2946, 3227, 3252, 3543], 'widely': [339], 'used': [340, 756, 1631, 2470], 'Before': [345, 659, 3301], 'retirement,': [346], 'Professor': [349], 'Head': [351], 'at': [357, 372, 727, 943, 952, 1171, 1425, 1470, 1739, 1759, 1959, 2011, 2085, 2295, 2399, 2445, 2492, 2660, 2675, 2687, 2717, 2727, 2901, 3068], 'Nanjing': [358, 862], 'where': [360, 394, 2132, 2166], 'numerous': [363], 'outstanding': [364], 'biochemists.': [365], 'Now': [366], 'enjoying': [369], 'retirement': [371], 'age': [374], '110.': [376], 'Another': [377, 1813], 'active': [378], 'during': [382, 3370], 'war': [384], 'Faculty': [387], 'Science': [389], 'biologists': [395, 3122], 'studying': [396, 1480], 'zoology,': [397], 'botany,': [398], 'plant': [399, 402, 425, 673, 1364, 1378], 'physiology,': [400], 'pathology': [403], 'gathered': [404], 'continue': [406], 'their': [407, 411, 455, 1075, 3110, 3184, 3293, 3580], 'publish': [410], 'articles': [412, 3168], 'Biochemical': [415, 909, 919, 982, 3304, 3308, 3319, 3363, 3405, 3518, 3537], 'Bulletin,': [416], 'an': [417, 491, 969, 1467, 2124, 2927, 2960, 3208, 3447], 'English': [418, 509], 'language': [419], 'journal': [420], 'edited': [421, 923], 'famous': [424, 719], 'physiologist': [426, 720], 'Pei-Song': [427, 2701], 'Tang': [428, 942, 2702], 'printed': [430], 'mimeograph.': [433], 'Prof.': [434], '(1893–1959)': [437], 'After': [438, 460, 608, 678, 936, 964, 1003, 2219, 3357, 3380], 'Second': [440, 1881], 'World': [441, 2119], 'War': [442], 'exiled': [446], 'resume': [454], 'normal': [456], 'teaching': [457, 996, 1156], 'research.': [459, 1165], 'my': [461, 472, 3249], 'graduation': [462], 'Zhejiang': [464], '1948,': [467, 777, 3315], 'I': [468, 519, 547, 586, 596, 662, 1100, 2142, 2371, 3548], 'came': [469, 696, 2336, 3123, 3135], 'native': [473], 'city': [474], 'Changsha': [475], 'worked': [477, 635], 'Hsiang-Ya': [479], 'Hunan-Yale': [481], '(HYMC)': [484], 'for': [485, 627, 638, 1272, 1579, 1591, 1655, 2837], 'couple': [487], 'as': [490, 767, 1119, 1196, 2249, 2305, 2434, 2438, 2471, 2567, 2583, 3444], 'assistant': [492], 'P.': [500, 574, 753, 1452], 'Jen.': [502], 'HYMC,': [504], 'taught': [507], 'Benjamin': [511], "Harrow's": [512], 'Textbook': [513], 'Biochemistry.': [515, 2403], 'practiced': [520], 'following': [523], "Wu's": [525], 'protocol': [526], 'prepare': [528], 'protein-free': [530], 'filtrate': [532], 'determine': [534], 'sugar': [537], 'content': [538], 'DuBosq': [541], 'visual': [542], 'colorimeter.': [543], 'that': [545, 1251, 1414, 1664, 2146, 2528, 2812, 2955, 3155, 3203], 'time,': [546], 'opportunity': [550], 'read': [552, 878], 'new': [554], 'book,': [555], 'Dynamic': [556], 'Aspects': [557], 'Earnest': [562], 'Baldwin': [563], '1947.': [567], 'This': [568, 987, 1540, 1711, 1833, 1935, 2101, 2642, 2693, 2982, 3226, 3439, 3566], 'gift': [572], 'Jen': [576], 'Lewis.': [580], 'As': [581, 2328, 3510, 3620], 'newcomer': [583], 'biochemistry,': [585], 'benefited': [587], 'greatly': [588, 2185], 'reading': [590, 600], 'concise': [592], 'up-to-date': [594], 'book.': [595], 'believe': [597], 'biochemists': [599, 3287, 3387, 3575], 'found': [604, 1250], 'it': [605, 1779, 3156], 'inspiring.': [607], 'war,': [610], 'reopened': [612], '1948.': [614], 'William': [622], 'Adolf': [623], 'until': [624, 1089, 2736], 'left': [626], 'United': [629, 1459, 2262, 2323], 'States': [630, 1460, 2263, 2280, 2324], '1950.': [632, 699], 'He': [633, 700], '20': [640], 'educated': [643], 'biochemistry.': [647], 'Yenching': [657], 'University.': [658], 'left,': [661], 'spent': [663], 'about': [664, 899, 2631, 3131, 3502], '6': [665], 'months': [666], 'purify': [671], 'Phaseolus': [676], 'vulgaris.': [677], "Adolf's": [679], 'leaving,': [680], 'Zhi-Quan': [681, 1166, 1496, 1534], 'Liang': [682, 1167, 1535, 2699], '(C.': [683], 'Liang)': [685], 'who': [686, 721, 755, 877], 'obtained': [687, 1071], 'PhD': [689, 2306], 'State': [692], 'Pennsylvania': [695], 'co-chaired': [701], '1951': [703], 'chaired': [705], '1958': [707, 1547], 'PUMC.': [713], 'Robert': [714, 3276], 'K.': [715], 'S.': [716], 'Lim,': [717], 'directed': [722, 1213], 'planned': [733], 'set': [735], 'up': [736, 2154, 2236, 2363], 'Institute': [739, 773, 788, 797, 801, 821, 826, 1114, 1173, 1210, 1463, 1565, 1586, 1852, 1857, 1863, 1868, 1961, 2013, 2038, 2087, 2401, 2662, 2719, 2729, 2797, 2877, 3045, 3053], 'Shanghai': [741, 1851, 1856, 1862, 1880, 2688, 2902, 3032, 3044, 3198, 3307, 3325], 'belonging': [742, 806, 1178], 'Academy': [746, 810, 1033, 1055, 1182, 1436], 'Sciences': [748, 812, 983, 1035, 1058, 1438, 1965], 'De-Pei': [750], 'Feng': [751], '(T.': [752, 1451], 'Feng)': [754], 'Lim': [760, 3278], 'appointed': [764], '1944': [766], 'Director': [769], 'Preparation.': [775, 790], 'On': [791, 2068, 3202], 'basis': [793, 1420, 2070], 'Preparation,': [799], '1950': [816], 'divided': [818], 'into': [819, 894], '1958.': [830, 3424], 'The': [831, 880, 1209, 1485, 1564, 1585, 1638, 1676, 1689, 1947, 2118, 2177, 2356, 2381, 2404, 2477, 2511, 2577, 2765, 2791, 2819, 2884, 2915, 3254, 3282, 3317, 3586], 'development': [832, 881, 1012, 1028, 2110, 2178, 3003, 3237], 'before': [835, 902, 999, 1499, 1552, 2151], '1949': [836, 888, 912, 1088], 'fully': [838, 1681], 'reviewed': [839, 916, 989, 1504], 'History': [842], 'Early': [845], 'Development': [846], '(1917–1949)': [851], 'Libin': [854], 'Cheng': [856, 1508], 'Press': [864, 932], '1989': [866, 934], '(3).': [867], 'It': [868, 1556, 1843, 1975, 2525, 2732], 'valuable': [871], 'highly': [873, 1992], 'recommended': [874, 2123], 'those': [876, 3028], 'molecular': [885, 1409, 2182, 2211, 2214, 3148, 3241], 'biology': [886, 2183, 2793, 3149, 3219, 3242], '2008': [890], 'can': [891, 3262], 'be': [892, 1991, 2469, 3181, 3195, 3207, 3263, 3552, 3616], 'subdivided': [893], 'two': [895, 1648, 1905, 1910, 2544, 2579, 3088, 3381], 'periods,': [896], 'each': [897], 'spanning': [898], '30': [900, 2632, 3604], 'opened': [907], 'up.': [908, 1002], '1988': [914], 'Current': [918], 'Research': [920, 947, 1517, 1527, 1701], 'L.': [926], 'Tsou': [927, 1229, 1267, 1384, 3488], 'Academic': [931], '(4).': [935], "Nixon's": [937], 'visit': [938], '1972,': [940, 1765], 'Jordan': [941], 'Oklahoma': [945], 'Foundation': [948], 'Yuan-Chuan': [950], 'Lee': [951], 'Johns': [953], 'Hopkins': [954], 'among': [957, 2093], 'early': [959], 'American': [960, 2267, 2311], 'scientists': [961, 1021, 3105], 'back,': [966, 2337], 'wrote': [968, 1788], 'article,': [970], "People's": [974], 'Republic': [975], 'Trends': [980], 'February': [984], '1980': [985], '(5).': [986], 'article': [988], 'some': [990, 2375], 'aspects': [991], "China's": [1000, 2152, 3358, 3506], 'opening': [1001, 2153, 3359], '1949,': [1004, 1040, 3302], 'peaceful': [1006], 'stable': [1008], 'environment': [1009], 'favored': [1010], 'science': [1014, 3011], 'there': [1016, 2205, 3205], 'surge': [1019], 'returning': [1022], 'abroad.': [1024, 3029, 3186], 'To': [1025, 2234], 'promote': [1026], 'science,': [1030], 'November': [1039], 'right': [1041], 'founding': [1044], 'New': [1046, 3040], 'October': [1049], '1949.': [1050, 3328], '1956,': [1052, 1424], 'established.': [1061, 1763], 'Many': [1062], 'sent': [1065, 2243, 2320], 'Soviet': [1068, 1397], 'Candidate': [1072], 'Degrees': [1073], 'studies.': [1077], 'There': [1078, 3329], 'no': [1080, 2057], 'education': [1081, 3013], 'Premier': [1090], 'Zhou': [1091, 2008], 'started': [1092, 1545, 1713, 1836, 2194], '“Marching': [1093], 'toward': [1094], 'Science”': [1095], '1956.': [1097], '1957,': [1099], 'fortunate': [1102, 3550], 'pass': [1104], 'entrance': [1106], 'examination': [1107], 'study': [1109, 2248, 2304], 'student': [1122], 'Tian-Qin': [1124], 'Cao': [1125], '(Tian-Chin': [1126], 'Tsao).': [1127], '50s': [1130], '60s': [1132], 'mainly': [1140, 1187, 1218], 'institutes.': [1145, 3089], 'colleges,': [1150], 'professors': [1152], 'busy': [1154], 'have': [1160, 1316, 2143, 2574, 2989, 3150], 'enough': [1161], 'time': [1162, 2647], 'Basic': [1175], 'Sciences,': [1177, 1185], 'concerned': [1188, 1219], 'later': [1193, 3338, 3598], 'nucleic': [1194, 1224, 1391, 1415, 1481, 1488], 'acids': [1195, 1392], 'well.': [1197], 'research,': [1200, 1324], 'developed': [1202, 2137], 'plasma': [1203], 'substitutes': [1204], 'bovine': [1206, 1724], 'serum': [1207], 'albumin.': [1208], 'proteins,': [1221], 'enzymes': [1222], 'acids.': [1225], 'enzymology,': [1227], 'Chen-Lu': [1228, 1266, 1383], '(C.-L.': [1230], 'Tsou)': [1231], 'Tsing-Ying': [1233], 'collaboration': [1236, 1373, 1559, 1751, 1941, 1967, 2162, 2499, 2871, 3050], 'succeeded': [1240, 1549], 'purification': [1243], 'membrane': [1245, 2759, 2844, 2854], 'bound': [1246], 'succinic': [1247], 'dehydrogenase': [1248], 'FAD': [1253], 'prosthetic': [1254], 'group': [1255, 1305, 1361, 1479, 1754, 1758], 'covalently': [1257], 'linked': [1258], 'enzyme': [1261], '(6).': [1263], '1962,': [1265], 'graphical': [1270], 'method': [1271, 1314, 1897], 'determination': [1274], 'number': [1277, 3340], 'type': [1279, 1302], 'essential': [1281], 'groups': [1282], 'molecules': [1285, 1913], 'according': [1286], 'relations': [1289, 3581], 'between': [1290, 1752, 1806, 3573], 'fraction': [1292], 'activity': [1294], 'remaining': [1295], 'modification': [1298, 2885, 2923, 2937, 2958, 2977], 'certain': [1301, 2597], 'functional': [1304], '(7).': [1306], 'comparison': [1308], "Koshland's": [1310], 'kinetic': [1311], 'method,': [1312], "Tsou's": [1313], 'should': [1315, 2988, 3180], 'much': [1318, 3095], 'wider': [1319], 'application.': [1320], 'muscle': [1322], 'Tian-Chin': [1325, 1343, 1386], 'Tsao': [1326, 1387], 'et': [1327, 1347, 1957, 2009, 2083, 2397, 2443, 2490, 2715, 2725, 2899], 'al.': [1328, 1348, 1958, 2010, 2084, 2398, 2444, 2491, 2716, 2726, 2900], 'studied': [1329, 1363, 2333], 'tropomyosins': [1333], 'paramyosins': [1335], 'variety': [1338], 'sources.': [1340], '1963,': [1342], 'Tsao,': [1344], 'Tsu-Hsun': [1345], 'Kung,': [1346], 'electron': [1351, 1770, 1782], 'microscopic': [1352], 'tropomyosin': [1355], 'paramyosin': [1357], 'paracrystals': [1358], '(8).': [1359], "Tsao's": [1360], 'viruses': [1365], 'infecting': [1366], 'tobacco,': [1367], 'wheat': [1368], 'crops': [1371], 'labs': [1376], 'pathology.': [1379], '(1907–2001)': [1382], '(1923–2006)': [1385], '(1920–1995)': [1388], 'Studies': [1389], 'retarded': [1394], "Lysenko's": [1402], 'anti-Mendelian': [1403], 'doctrines,': [1404], 'though': [1405], 'rapid': [1406, 3002], 'progress': [1407, 2208, 3214], 'cell': [1411, 2993], 'genetics': [1412, 1446], 'proved': [1413, 1989], 'acid': [1416, 1489], 'structural': [1419, 1690, 2756, 2792], 'heredity.': [1422], 'Tribune': [1427], 'Genetics': [1429, 2496, 2507, 2664], 'convened': [1430], 'Qingdao': [1432], 'Ministry': [1441], 'Higher': [1443], 'Education,': [1444], "Mendel–Morgan's": [1445], 'rehabilitated.': [1448], 'De-Bao': [1449, 1492, 1537], 'Wang),': [1453], 'just': [1454, 2373], 'invited': [1468], 'speaker': [1469], 'meeting.': [1472, 3642], 'Since': [1473, 2558], 'then,': [1474, 2559], 'led': [1477, 2665, 2677, 2689, 2880], 'acids,': [1482], 'especially': [1483, 1999, 2213], 'tRNA.': [1484], 'achievements': [1486, 3144], "Wang's": [1493], "Liang's": [1497], 'Cultural': [1501], 'Revolution': [1502], 'R.': [1510], 'Doi': [1512], 'Recent': [1514], 'Nucleic': [1515, 1525], 'Acid': [1516, 1526], 'Progress': [1523], 'Molecular': [1529, 2910, 3417, 3613, 3629], 'Biology': [1530, 1874, 3614, 3630], '1968': [1532, 1838], '(9).': [1533], '(1914–2006)': [1536], '(1918–2002)': [1539], 'tour': [1541], 'de': [1542], 'force': [1543], 'project': [1544, 1834, 2694], '1965,': [1551], '“Cultural': [1554, 2190], 'Revolution.”': [1555], 'three': [1561, 1731, 2653], 'teams.': [1563], 'Organic': [1567, 1865, 2015], 'responsible': [1578, 1590], 'synthesis': [1581, 1593, 1627, 1658, 1722, 1818, 1824], 'A-chain.': [1584], 'B-chain,': [1595], 'combination': [1597, 1613, 1892, 2126], 'A-': [1599, 1616, 1635], 'B-chain': [1601, 1618], 'natural': [1603, 1641], 'insulin': [1604, 1609, 1642, 1660, 1669, 1679, 1694, 1736, 1774, 1804, 1820, 2810], 'obtain': [1606, 1620, 1920], 're-synthesized': [1607], 'crystalline': [1608, 1623, 1644, 1735, 1979], 'finally': [1611], 'synthetic': [1615, 1622, 1678, 1911, 1923], 'totally': [1621, 1677, 1922], 'insulin.': [1624, 1725], 'Conventional': [1625], 'peptide': [1626], 'solution': [1629, 3568, 3590], 'make': [1633, 3632], 'B-chains.': [1637], 're-synthesis': [1639], 'form': [1645, 1904, 1980, 2463], 'chains': [1649], 'only': [1651, 2167, 2342, 3247, 3331], 'paved': [1652], 'way': [1654], 'total': [1657, 1721, 1817, 1823], 'demonstrated': [1663], 'three-dimensional': [1666], 'structure': [1667, 1733, 2003, 2033, 2808, 2851], 'determined': [1671], 'primary': [1674], 'characterized': [1682], 'physicochemical': [1684], 'analyses': [1685], 'biological': [1687, 1933], 'assays.': [1688], 'porcine': [1693], 'crystal': [1695, 2032, 2750, 2807, 2850], 'Insulin': [1699, 1795], 'Structure': [1700], 'Group': [1702], 'crystallography': [1708, 2823], 'project,': [1712], '1967,': [1715], 'directly': [1717, 2433], 'stimulated': [1718], '1971': [1727, 1953], '1973,': [1729], 'dimensional': [1732], 'solved': [1738, 2005, 2035, 2861], '2.5': [1740], '1.8': [1742], 'Å': [1743], 'resolution': [1744], 'respectively': [1745], '(11).': [1746], 'work,': [1749], 'long-term': [1750], 'Dorothy': [1756, 1766], "Hodgkin's": [1757], 'Oxford': [1760], 'Hodgkin': [1767], 'brought': [1768], 'her': [1769], 'density': [1771, 1783], 'map': [1772, 1784], 'Beijing': [1776, 1876, 2676], 'compared': [1778], 'there.': [1785], 'Afterwards,': [1786], 'she': [1787], 'short': [1790, 2625], 'note,': [1791], 'Work': [1793], 'Nature': [1797, 2506, 2742], 'May': [1798, 2027, 3368], '1975,': [1799], 'anticipating': [1800], 'closer': [1801], 'exchange': [1802, 3572], 'East': [1808], 'West': [1811], '(12).': [1812], 'reaction': [1814], 'yeast': [1826], 'alanine': [1827], 'tRNA': [1828, 1924], 'composed': [1829], '76': [1831], 'nucleotides.': [1832], 'completed': [1840], '1981.': [1842], 'researchers': [1848, 3171], 'Biochemistry,': [1854], 'Cell': [1859, 2865], 'Biology,': [1860], 'Chemistry,': [1866], 'Biophysics,': [1870], 'University,': [1877], 'Reagent': [1882], 'Factory.': [1883], 'Six': [1884], 'fragments': [1885], 'oligonucleotides': [1887], 'synthesized': [1889, 2079], 'chemical': [1894], 'enzymatic': [1896], 'RNA': [1901, 1917], 'ligase': [1902, 1918], 'half': [1906, 1912], 'molecules.': [1907], 'Finally,': [1908], 'molecule': [1925], 'containing': [1926, 2046, 2065, 2630], 'modified': [1928], 'bases': [1929], 'exhibiting': [1931], 'full': [1932], 'activity.': [1934], 'nation': [1939], 'wide': [1940], 'involving': [1942], 'institutes': [1944, 1970, 2347], 'hospitals.': [1946], 'anti-malaria': [1948, 2066], 'artemisinin': [1949], 'discovered': [1951, 2895], 'You-You': [1955], 'Tu': [1956], 'Shangdong': [1972], 'Yunan.': [1974], 'extracted': [1977], 'herb': [1984], 'Artemisia': [1985], 'annua': [1986], '(Qinghao)': [1987], 'effective': [1993, 2112], 'treatment': [1996], 'malaria,': [1998], 'pernicious': [2000], 'malaria.': [2001], 'Wei-Shan': [2007], '1976': [2018], 'Acta': [2024], 'Chimica': [2025], 'Sinica': [2026], '1979': [2028, 2220, 2257, 3369, 3398], '(14).': [2029], 'Later,': [2030, 2848], 'Biophysics.': [2040], 'Artemisinin': [2041], 'sesquiterpene': [2044], 'compound': [2045], '15': [2047], 'carbon,': [2048], '22': [2049, 2464], 'hydrogen,': [2050], 'five': [2052, 3118], 'oxygen': [2053, 2964], 'atoms': [2054], 'contains': [2056], 'nitrogen,': [2058], 'thus': [2059, 2546], 'differing': [2060], 'nitrogen': [2064], 'drugs.': [2067], 'structure,': [2073], 'derivatives': [2074], 'improved': [2076, 3091], 'action': [2077], 'Ying': [2081], 'Li': [2082, 2396], 'Materia': [2089], 'Medica': [2090], 'Shanghai,': [2092], 'them': [2094, 3161], 'artemether': [2095], 'being': [2096], 'best.': [2100], 'achievement': [2102], 'has': [2103, 2122, 2136, 3014], 'huge': [2106], 'impact': [2107], 'drugs': [2113], 'Traditional': [2116], 'Medicine.': [2117], 'Health': [2120], 'Organization': [2121], 'artemisinin-based': [2125], 'therapy': [2127], '(ACT)': [2128], 'countries': [2131, 2246], 'malaria': [2134], 'parasite': [2135], 'resistance': [2138], 'chloroquine.': [2140], 'Here,': [2141, 2370], 'stress': [2145], 'aforementioned': [2148, 2578], 'formidable': [2149], 'projects': [2150, 2580], 'scratch': [2159], 'through': [2160, 2325, 2648, 2869], 'different': [2164], 'laboratories': [2165, 2268], 'primitive': [2168], 'facilities': [2169, 3020], 'available': [2171, 2594], 'reagents': [2174], 'self-prepared.': [2176], 'affected': [2186], 'chaotic': [2189], 'Revolution”': [2191], '1966': [2196], 'eventually': [2198], '1976.': [2201], 'decade,': [2204], 'tremendous': [2207], 'elsewhere': [2209], 'biology,': [2212], 'cloning': [2215, 2382, 2478, 2549], 'genetic': [2217], 'engineering.': [2218], 'when': [2221, 2258, 3268], 'adopted': [2223, 3407, 3592], 'open': [2225], 'door': [2226], 'policy,': [2227], 'activities': [2229, 2339, 3351], 'gradually': [2230], 'returned': [2231], 'normal.': [2233], 'catch': [2235, 2362], 'developments': [2238], 'abroad,': [2239], 'people': [2241, 2301, 2332], 'Western': [2245], 'students.': [2254], 'January': [2256], 'diplomatic': [2265], 'relations,': [2266], 'began': [2269, 2617], 'accept': [2271], 'scholars.': [2274], '1981,': [2276], 'CUSBEA': [2278], '(China-United': [2279], 'Examination': [2282], 'Application)': [2284], 'Program': [2285], 'initiated': [2287, 2696], 'Ray': [2289], 'Wu,': [2290, 2294], 'son': [2291], 'Cornell': [2296], 'help': [2299], 'young': [2300], 'rate': [2310], 'universities.': [2312, 2355], 'Up': [2313], '1989,': [2315], '422': [2316], 'program.': [2327], 'more': [2329, 2331, 3100, 3102, 3116], 'abroad': [2334], 'centered': [2343], 'academies': [2345], 'actively': [2350], 'urgent': [2358], 'effort': [2359, 2651, 3634], 'rest': [2366], 'world.': [2369], 'would': [2372], 'mention': [2374], 'important': [2379, 2983, 2990, 3167], 'achievements.': [2380, 2599], 'expression': [2384], 'HBV': [2386, 2405], 'surface': [2387, 2415, 2458], 'antigen': [2388, 2416, 2459], 'gene': [2389, 2417, 2483, 2513, 2555, 2918], 'subtype': [2390], 'adr': [2391], 'achieved': [2393], 'Zai-ping': [2395], 'genomic': [2406], 'DNA': [2407, 2887, 2930, 2936, 2980], 'cloned': [2409, 2419], 'sequenced,': [2411], 'then': [2413], 'vaccinia': [2421, 2431], 'virus': [2422, 2432, 2449], 'low': [2424], 'toxicity.': [2425], 'Instead': [2426], 'recombinant': [2430, 2448], 'live': [2436], 'vaccine': [2437], 'reported': [2439], 'Moss': [2442], 'NIH,': [2446], 'grown': [2451], 'chicken': [2453], 'embryo': [2454], 'expressed': [2457], 'purified': [2461], 'nm': [2465], 'particles,': [2466], 'could': [2468], 'safe': [2473], 'hepatitis': [2474], 'B': [2475], 'vaccine.': [2476], 'hearing': [2481, 2541], 'impairment': [2482], 'GJB3': [2484, 2512], 'accomplished': [2486, 2645], 'Jia-Hui': [2488], 'Xia': [2489], 'National': [2494, 2671, 2683, 3373], 'Lab': [2497], 'doctors': [2502], 'December': [2508, 3327], '1998': [2509], '(16).': [2510], 'encoding': [2514], 'human': [2516], 'gap': [2517], 'junction': [2518], 'mapped': [2521], 'chromosome': [2523, 2628], '1p33-p35.': [2524], 'shown': [2527], 'mis-sense': [2530], 'mutation': [2531, 2535], 'nonsense': [2534], 'associated': [2537, 2554, 2562, 2938], 'high': [2539, 2788], 'frequency': [2540], 'loss': [2542], 'families,': [2545], 'realizing': [2547], 'disease': [2553], 'genes': [2561], 'various': [2564], 'diseases,': [2565], 'such': [2566], 'dentinogenesis': [2568], 'imperfecta,': [2569], 'brachydactyly,': [2570], 'atrial': [2572], 'fibrillation,': [2573], 'been': [2575, 3151], 'cloned.': [2576], 'are': [2581, 3021, 3106], 'noteworthy': [2582], 'represent': [2585], 'called': [2588], '“zero-breaking”': [2589], '(meaning': [2590], 'none': [2592], 'field)': [2598], 'With': [2600, 3090, 3523], 'increasing': [2601], 'financial': [2602], 'capabilities,': [2603], 'decided': [2605], 'join': [2607, 3436], 'expensive': [2609], 'Human': [2610, 2657, 2672, 2684], 'Genome': [2611, 2658, 2673, 2685], 'Project': [2612], 'September': [2614, 2912], '1999': [2615], 'sequencing': [2619], 'region': [2622], 'arm': [2626], '3': [2629], 'million': [2633], 'base': [2634], 'pairs': [2635], '1%': [2637], 'whole': [2640], 'genome.': [2641], 'task': [2643], 'joint': [2650], 'genome': [2654], 'centers:': [2655], 'Center': [2659, 2674, 2686], 'Huan-Ming': [2667], 'Yang,': [2668], 'Bo–Qin': [2679], 'Zhu': [2691], 'Chen.': [2692], 'Dong-Cai': [2698], 'importance': [2706], 'photosynthesis': [2708, 2770], 'Wen-Rui': [2713], 'Chang': [2714], 'Biophysics': [2721, 2799, 2879], 'Ting-Yun': [2723], 'Kuang': [2724], 'Botany.': [2731], 'succeed': [2735], '2003': [2737], 'March': [2743], '2004': [2744], '(17)': [2745], 'Although': [2746], 'thousands': [2747], 'structures': [2751], 'solved,': [2753], 'yet': [2754], 'proteins': [2760], 'still': [2762], 'challenge.': [2764], 'major': [2766], 'light-harvesting': [2767, 2814], 'complex': [2768, 2858], 'II': [2771, 2859], 'principal': [2774], 'solar': [2775], 'energy': [2776], 'collector': [2777], 'green': [2779], 'plants': [2780], 'may': [2782], 'function': [2784], 'photo-protection': [2786], 'light': [2789], 'laboratory': [2794, 2833], 'involved': [2801, 2920], 'solving': [2804, 2840], 'complexes': [2815], 'blue-green': [2817], 'algae.': [2818], 'accumulation': [2820], 'experience': [2826], 'growing': [2828], 'crystals': [2830], 'laid': [2834], 'foundation': [2836], 'successful': [2839], 'another': [2853], 'protein—the': [2855], 'mitochondrial': [2856], 'respiratory': [2857], 'July': [2866, 3397, 3460], '2005': [2867, 2913], '(18)': [2868], 'Tsinghua': [2873], 'Zi-He': [2882], 'Rao.': [2883], 'sulfur': [2889, 2966], 'Streptomyces': [2891], 'lividans': [2892], '1326': [2893], 'Zi-Xin': [2897], 'Deng': [2898], 'Jiaotong': [2903], 'Microbiology': [2911], '(19).': [2914], 'entire': [2916], 'dnd': [2917], 'cluster': [2919], 'localized': [2925], '8': [2928], 'kb': [2929], 'fragment.': [2931], 'addition,': [2933, 3188], 'same': [2935, 3587], 'Dnd': [2941], '(DNA': [2942], 'degradation)': [2943], 'phenotype': [2944], 'observed': [2947], 'widespread': [2949], 'bacterial': [2950], 'species.': [2951], 'Further': [2952], 'revealed': [2954], 'site-specific': [2957], 'isosteric': [2961], 'replacement': [2962], 'resulting': [2967], 'phosphorothiolation': [2970], 'DNA,': [2972], 'backbone.': [2981], 'discovery': [2984], 'basic': [2986], 'implications': [2991], 'biology.': [2994], '10': [2998], 'years,': [2999, 3605], 'economy': [3005], 'China,': [3007, 3154, 3443], 'investment': [3009], 'increased': [3015], 'exponentially.': [3016], 'Now,': [3017, 3602], 'equivalent': [3022], 'better': [3026], 'than': [3027, 3117], 'Recently,': [3030], 'Synchrotron': [3033], 'Radiation': [3034], 'Facility': [3035], 'built': [3037], 'Pudong': [3039], 'District': [3041], 'Applied': [3047], 'Physics': [3048, 3057], 'High': [3055], 'Energy': [3056], 'Beijing.': [3059], 'August': [3061, 3200], '2008,': [3062], 'facility': [3064], 'ran': [3065], 'successfully': [3066], 'beams': [3067], '3.5': [3069], 'GeV': [3070], 'storage': [3073], 'ring': [3074], 'super': [3076], 'conducting': [3077], 'RF': [3078], 'cavities.': [3079], 'Furthermore,': [3080], 'components': [3082], 'made': [3084, 3152], 'above': [3087], 'working': [3092], 'conditions': [3093], 'higher': [3096], 'payment': [3097], 'scientists,': [3099], 'overseas': [3103, 3133], 'attracted': [3107], 'develop': [3109], 'careers': [3111], 'Last': [3114], 'year,': [3115], 'thousand': [3119], 'including': [3121], 'Shanghai.': [3128, 3619], 'all,': [3130], '300,000': [3132], 'period,': [3141], 'impossible': [3158], 'describe': [3160, 3234], 'limited': [3164], 'space.': [3165], 'Fortunately,': [3166], 'well-established': [3170], 'international': [3177], 'journals': [3178], 'familiar': [3182], '21st': [3190, 3607], 'Congress': [3191, 3392, 3476, 3609], 'IUBMB': [3193], 'will': [3194, 3206, 3615, 3631], 'held': [3196, 3377, 3395, 3617], '2009.': [3201], 'occasion,': [3204], 'all-round': [3209], 'display': [3210], 'recent': [3213], 'field': [3217], 'countries.': [3225], 'gives': [3228], 'me': [3229], 'excuse': [3231], 'that,': [3232], 'current': [3236], 'beyond': [3248], 'ability': [3250], 'unnecessary.': [3253], 'history': [3255], 'society': [3259, 3290], 'traced': [3264], '1926': [3267], 'Society': [3272, 3305, 3309, 3320, 3364, 3406, 3413, 3519, 3538, 3625], 'KS': [3277], 'Wu.': [3281], 'generation': [3284], 'papers': [3294], 'Physiology.': [3300], 'Chengdu': [3303], 'respectively.': [3316], '36': [3332], 'members': [3333, 3467, 3557], 'increase': [3343], 'much.': [3345], '‘Cultural': [3348], 'Revolution’,': [3349], 'societies': [3354], 'stopped.': [3356], 'up,': [3360], 'reestablished': [3366], 'First': [3372], 'Conference': [3374], 'Hangzhou.': [3379], 'months,': [3382], 'delegation': [3385, 3464, 3561], '11th': [3390, 3474], 'International': [3391, 3475, 3608], 'Toronto.': [3400, 3480], '1993,': [3402], 'name,': [3410], 'Biology.': [3418], 'IUB': [3422, 3428, 3491], '1961,': [3426], 'Council': [3429], 'accepted': [3430], 'application': [3432], 'Taiwan': [3434, 3445], 'Union.': [3438, 3458, 3522], 'unacceptable': [3441], 'integral': [3448], 'part': [3449], 'protest,': [3453], 'withdrew': [3455], '1979,': [3461], 'six': [3466, 3556], 'meeting,': [3483], 'Cheng-Lu': [3487], 'discussed': [3489], 'General': [3492], 'Secretary': [3493], 'W.': [3494], 'J.': [3495, 3527], 'Whelan': [3496], 'Treasurer': [3498], 'E.': [3499], 'Slater': [3501], 'restoration': [3504], 'membership': [3507], 'IUB.': [3509], 'result': [3512], 'protracted': [3514], 'negotiations,': [3515], 'rejoined': [3520], 'cooperation': [3525], 'Su': [3529], 'Lo': [3533], 'Taipei,': [3535, 3541], 'located': [3539], '(20).': [3547], 'witnessed': [3563], 'event.': [3565], 'win–win': [3567], 'promoted': [3569], 'scientific': [3571, 3595], 'across': [3576], 'channel': [3578], 'world': [3584], 'communities.': [3585], 'unions': [3596], 'ICSU': [3600], 'itself.': [3601], 'host,': [3622], 'every': [3633], 'ensure': [3636], 'success': [3638], 'global': [3641]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012646546', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T05:40:34.516062', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}