Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2012636367', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/7/s23', 'title': 'Residual capacitive coupling and the measurement of permittivity in magnetic induction tomography', 'display_name': 'Residual capacitive coupling and the measurement of permittivity in magnetic induction tomography', 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-06-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2012636367', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/7/s23', 'mag': '2012636367', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17664645'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/7/s23', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3164724', 'display_name': 'Physiological Measurement', 'issn_l': '0967-3334', 'issn': ['0967-3334', '1361-6579'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054946887', 'display_name': 'H. Griffiths', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-4143'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800526087', 'display_name': 'Singleton Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02ab2dg68', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294711689', 'https://openalex.org/I2800526087']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H Griffiths', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medical Physics & Clinical Engineering, Swansea NHS Trust, Singleton Hospital, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medical Physics & Clinical Engineering, Swansea NHS Trust, Singleton Hospital, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800526087']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029627778', 'display_name': 'William A. Gough', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-8967'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79510175', 'display_name': 'Cardiff University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03kk7td41', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79510175']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W Gough', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics and Astronomy,#N#Cardiff University,#N#The Parade,#N#Cardiff CF2 3YB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics and Astronomy,#N#Cardiff University,#N#The Parade,#N#Cardiff CF2 3YB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79510175']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014718952', 'display_name': 'S.J. Watson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-5580'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I128993996', 'display_name': 'University of South Wales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mzn7s88', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I128993996']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S Watson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Electronics , University of Glamorgan , Pontypridd CF37 1DL , UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Electronics , University of Glamorgan , Pontypridd CF37 1DL , UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I128993996']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087685376', 'display_name': 'Robert J. Williams', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-9714'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I128993996', 'display_name': 'University of South Wales', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mzn7s88', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I128993996']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R J Williams', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Electronics , University of Glamorgan , Pontypridd CF37 1DL , UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Electronics , University of Glamorgan , Pontypridd CF37 1DL , UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I128993996']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.444, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 60, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.948962, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '28', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': 'S301', 'last_page': 'S311'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11778', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11778', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10572', 'display_name': 'Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods', 'score': 0.992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1908', 'display_name': 'Geophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11739', 'display_name': 'Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis', 'score': 0.9842, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-coupling', 'display_name': 'Capacitive coupling', 'score': 0.8579521}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/signal', 'display_name': 'SIGNAL (programming language)', 'score': 0.64679515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-coupling', 'display_name': 'Inductive coupling', 'score': 0.5667273}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-induction', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetic induction', 'score': 0.50091195}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68278764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444167', 'display_name': 'Capacitive coupling', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8579521}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206755178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271', 'display_name': 'Capacitive sensing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7669497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168651791', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569', 'display_name': 'Permittivity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76626635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779843651', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335', 'display_name': 'SIGNAL (programming language)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64679515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177872590', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498289', 'display_name': 'Inductive coupling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5667273}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C131584629', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705', 'display_name': 'Coupling (piping)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5596694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C131540310', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564', 'display_name': 'Conductivity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54200333}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115260700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408', 'display_name': 'Magnetic field', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50958085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102130693', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q988780', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetic induction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50091195}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46141821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402', 'display_name': 'Nuclear magnetic resonance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4824615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47591835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4636169}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24326235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095', 'display_name': 'Electronic engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39795303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38207346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3811289}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30475298', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554', 'display_name': 'Computational physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32257766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29314694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23708501}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23057279}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133386390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996', 'display_name': 'Dielectric', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.20077246}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165801399', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428', 'display_name': 'Voltage', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16161308}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30403606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetic coil', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11201194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.110098094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D025802', 'descriptor_name': 'Electric Capacitance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007091', 'descriptor_name': 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008280', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008954', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Biological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014054', 'descriptor_name': 'Tomography', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007091', 'descriptor_name': 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014054', 'descriptor_name': 'Tomography', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/7/s23', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3164724', 'display_name': 'Physiological Measurement', 'issn_l': '0967-3334', 'issn': ['0967-3334', '1361-6579'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17664645', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.41, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 9, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W100220113', 'https://openalex.org/W1965999604', 'https://openalex.org/W1992999707', 'https://openalex.org/W1994489110', 'https://openalex.org/W2053254580', 'https://openalex.org/W2066977337', 'https://openalex.org/W2088157563', 'https://openalex.org/W2094384095', 'https://openalex.org/W2123666250'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2953512238', 'https://openalex.org/W2948902878', 'https://openalex.org/W2895758062', 'https://openalex.org/W2768092448', 'https://openalex.org/W260767365', 'https://openalex.org/W2048683560', 'https://openalex.org/W2044770004', 'https://openalex.org/W1994341348', 'https://openalex.org/W1982343111', 'https://openalex.org/W1966070768'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 22], 'an': [1], 'ideal': [2], 'magnetic': [3, 20], 'induction': [4], 'tomography': [5], '(MIT)': [6], 'system,': [7, 25], 'the': [8, 11, 14, 19, 38, 42, 56, 87, 92, 103, 108, 118, 121, 124, 128, 138, 141, 155, 161, 164, 166, 172, 182, 211, 217], 'coupling': [9, 29, 60, 97], 'between': [10], 'coils': [12, 89], 'and': [13, 33, 72, 213], 'sample': [15, 122, 142], 'is': [16, 44], 'entirely': [17], 'by': [18], 'field.': [21], 'a': [23, 63, 203], 'practical': [24], 'unwanted': [26], 'electric-field': [27], '(capacitive)': [28], 'can': [30], 'also': [31], 'exist': [32], 'cause': [34], 'large': [35], 'errors': [36], 'in': [37, 62, 188], 'MIT': [39, 66, 105, 129, 173], 'measurements': [40], 'unless': [41], 'hardware': [43], 'designed': [45, 68], 'carefully.': [46], 'A': [47], 'series': [48], 'of': [49, 58, 120, 127, 140, 163, 184, 195, 216], 'tests': [50, 82], 'was': [51, 98, 110, 113, 132, 143], 'carried': [52], 'out': [53], 'to': [54, 116, 134, 176, 197], 'assess': [55], 'magnitude': [57], 'capacitive': [59, 96], 'present': [61], '10': [64], 'MHz': [65], 'system': [67], 'for': [69, 151, 171], 'biomedical': [70], 'use': [71], 'other': [73], 'applications': [74], 'involving': [75], 'low-conductivity': [76], 'samples': [77], '(<or=10': [78], 'S': [79, 148, 199], 'm(-1)).': [80], 'The': [81], 'indicated': [83], 'that,': [84], 'even': [85], 'with': [86, 102, 160], 'individual': [88], 'left': [90], 'unscreened,': [91], 'signal': [93, 174], 'contamination': [94, 109], 'from': [95, 123], 'very': [99], 'small': [100], 'compared': [101], 'true': [104], 'signal.': [106, 130], 'Because': [107], 'small,': [111], 'it': [112], 'demonstrated': [114], 'possible': [115], 'derive': [117], 'permittivity': [119, 185], 'real': [125, 189, 212], 'part': [126], 'This': [131, 179], 'shown': [133], 'work': [135], 'well': [136], 'when': [137, 154], 'conductivity': [139], 'less': [144], 'than': [145], 'about': [146], '0.5': [147], 'm(-1),': [149], 'but': [150], 'higher': [152], 'conductivities,': [153], 'skin': [156], 'depth': [157], 'became': [158], 'comparable': [159], 'width': [162], 'sample,': [165], 'commonly': [167], 'used': [168], 'theoretical': [169], 'expression': [170], 'began': [175], 'break': [177], 'down.': [178], 'implies': [180], 'that': [181], 'measurement': [183], '(and': [186], 'permeability)': [187], 'biological': [190], 'tissues': [191], '(which': [192], 'have': [193], 'conductivities': [194], 'up': [196], '2': [198], 'm(-1))': [200], 'will': [201], 'require': [202], 'more': [204], 'detailed': [205], 'derivation': [206], 'taking': [207], 'into': [208], 'account': [209], 'both': [210], 'imaginary': [214], 'parts': [215], 'signals.': [218]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012636367', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T18:32:35.289473', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}