Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2011236698', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00256-m', 'title': 'Comparison of three laboratory devices for UV-inactivation of microorganisms', 'display_name': 'Comparison of three laboratory devices for UV-inactivation of microorganisms', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2011236698', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00256-m', 'mag': '2011236698'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00256-m', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53450646', 'display_name': 'Water Science & Technology', 'issn_l': '0273-1223', 'issn': ['0273-1223', '1996-9732'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320146', 'host_organization_name': 'Pergamon Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320146'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pergamon Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000866795', 'display_name': 'Regina Sommer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-1915'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I129774422', 'display_name': 'University of Vienna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03prydq77', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I129774422']}], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Sommer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hygiene-Institute, University of Vienna, A-1095 Vienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hygiene-Institute, University of Vienna, A-1095 Vienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I129774422']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016474793', 'display_name': 'Alexander Cabaj', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150540706', 'display_name': 'University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01w6qp003', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150540706']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I129774422', 'display_name': 'University of Vienna', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03prydq77', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I129774422']}], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Cabaj', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Medical Physics, Veterinary University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Medical Physics, Veterinary University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150540706', 'https://openalex.org/I129774422']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053635936', 'display_name': 'D Schoenen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135140700', 'display_name': 'University of Bonn', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041nas322', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Schoenen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hygiene-Institute, University of Bonn, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hygiene-Institute, University of Bonn, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112811898', 'display_name': 'J. Gebel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135140700', 'display_name': 'University of Bonn', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041nas322', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Gebel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hygiene-Institute, University of Bonn, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hygiene-Institute, University of Bonn, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043130071', 'display_name': 'Andreas Kolch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135140700', 'display_name': 'University of Bonn', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041nas322', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Kolch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hygiene-Institute, University of Bonn, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hygiene-Institute, University of Bonn, D-5300 Bonn 1, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042994689', 'display_name': 'Arie H. Havelaar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-5460'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210104433', 'display_name': 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cesdt21', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104433']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. H. Havelaar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Water and Food Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Water and Food Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104433']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036633982', 'display_name': 'Franciska M. Schets', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210104433', 'display_name': 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cesdt21', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104433']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. M. Schets', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Water and Food Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Water and Food Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104433']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.546, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 30, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.804418, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '31', 'issue': '5-6', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10900', 'display_name': 'Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1305', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10900', 'display_name': 'Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1305', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11013', 'display_name': 'Skin Protection and Aging', 'score': 0.9697, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2708', 'display_name': 'Dermatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11002', 'display_name': 'Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure', 'score': 0.9665, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175605896', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39833', 'display_name': 'Microorganism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.77816653}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4295869}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107872376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355', 'display_name': 'Environmental chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38689512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38528657}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183696295', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696', 'display_name': 'Biochemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37889528}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35940588}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23027325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.21080074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.20158994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.058223218}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(95)00256-m', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53450646', 'display_name': 'Water Science & Technology', 'issn_l': '0273-1223', 'issn': ['0273-1223', '1996-9732'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320146', 'host_organization_name': 'Pergamon Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320146'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pergamon Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 11, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1519203947', 'https://openalex.org/W1583991429', 'https://openalex.org/W1586350287', 'https://openalex.org/W2025502788', 'https://openalex.org/W2278629569', 'https://openalex.org/W2286436151', 'https://openalex.org/W2336724090', 'https://openalex.org/W2399378461', 'https://openalex.org/W2419126260', 'https://openalex.org/W2419407131', 'https://openalex.org/W63262349'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W59332786', 'https://openalex.org/W2912854297', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2410041147', 'https://openalex.org/W2369795729', 'https://openalex.org/W2330237890', 'https://openalex.org/W2029032856', 'https://openalex.org/W2013785811', 'https://openalex.org/W2011130445', 'https://openalex.org/W1730113890'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'UV': [0, 68, 87, 96, 107, 177, 277], 'inactivation': [1, 69, 157], 'experiments': [2, 150], 'of': [3, 18, 22, 120, 149, 176, 199, 221, 240, 266, 275, 283], 'microorganisms': [4, 23], 'have': [5, 253], 'been': [6, 254], 'performed': [7, 70], 'and': [8, 59, 104, 134, 172, 183, 194], 'published': [9], 'by': [10], 'various': [11], 'workers': [12], 'for': [13, 32, 47, 82, 106, 136, 185, 281, 285], 'decades.': [14], 'Resulting': [15], 'data': [16], 'even': [17], 'the': [19, 49, 180, 200, 273], 'same': [20], 'species': [21], 'may': [24], 'show': [25], 'important': [26], 'differences': [27, 155], 'in': [28, 40, 53, 85, 101, 130, 151, 156, 166, 169, 173, 191, 256], 'UV-susceptibility.': [29], 'The': [30, 146, 197], 'reasons': [31], 'these': [33, 286], 'varying': [34, 83], 'results': [35, 84], 'could': [36, 79], 'be': [37, 80, 265], 'found': [38], 'either': [39], 'different': [41], 'biological': [42, 144], 'conditions': [43], 'like': [44], 'culturing': [45], 'methods': [46, 184, 252], 'preparing': [48], 'test': [50, 117], 'organisms': [51], 'or': [52], 'technical': [54, 102], 'problems': [55], 'regarding': [56], 'UV-irradiation': [57], 'equipment': [58], 'dose': [60, 108, 164, 186, 220], 'measurement.': [61, 109], 'Therefore': [63, 262], 'three': [64], 'groups': [65], 'working': [66, 90], 'on': [67], 'a': [71, 94, 116, 219, 228, 243], 'collaborative': [72], 'study': [73, 112], 'to': [74, 163, 258, 271], 'find': [75], 'out': [76], 'which': [77, 99, 127], 'influences': [78], 'responsible': [81], 'laboratory': [86, 95, 276], 'experiments.': [88, 139], 'Each': [89], 'group': [91], 'had': [92], 'developed': [93], 'irradiation': [97, 167, 170, 181, 278], 'apparatus,': [98], 'differed': [100], 'construction': [103], 'method': [105], 'For': [110], 'our': [111], 'we': [113, 141], 'used': [114, 280], 'as': [115], 'organism': [118], 'spores': [119], 'Bacillus': [122], 'subtilis': [123], 'ATCC': [125], '6633': [126], 'were': [128, 188], 'cultured': [129], 'large': [131], 'quantity,': [132], 'freeze-dried': [133], 'stored': [135], 'all': [137], 'following': [138], 'Thereby': [140], 'established': [142], 'controlled': [143], 'conditions.': [145], 'first': [147], 'series': [148], '1992': [152], 'showed': [153], 'that': [154], 'curves': [158], 'did': [159], 'occur,': [160], 'related': [161], 'especially': [162], 'distribution': [165], 'vessels,': [168], 'geometry': [171], 'partial': [174], 'shadowing': [175], 'light.': [178], 'Subsequently': [179], 'procedure': [182], 'measurement': [187], 'improved': [189], 'resulting': [190], 'consistent,': [192], 'reproducible': [193], 'comparable': [195], 'results.': [196], 'equation': [198], 'regression': [201], 'curve': [202], 'was:': [203], 'log': [204, 215, 230], '(N/N': [205], '0': [206], ')': [207], '=': [208, 245], '−0.013': [209], 'D': [210], '+': [211], '0.18.': [212], 'A': [213], '2': [214, 226, 236], 'reduction': [216, 231], 'would': [217], 'require': [218], '169': [222], '±': [223, 233], '11': [224], 'J/m': [225, 235], ',': [227, 237], '3': [229], '241': [232], '9': [234], 'respectively': [238], '(level': [239], 'significance:': [241], '0.05).': [246], 'In': [248], 'recent': [249], 'years': [250], 'bioassay': [251], 'suggested': [255], 'order': [257], 'evaluate': [259], 'UV-disinfection': [260], 'plants.': [261], 'it': [263], 'will': [264], 'increasing': [267], 'public': [268], 'health': [269], 'interest': [270], 'ensure': [272], 'quality': [274], 'devices': [279], 'calibration': [282], 'test-organisms': [284], 'bioassays.': [287]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011236698', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T14:24:18.872655', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}