Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2009951631', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/598170', 'title': 'Rawlsian Affirmative Action', 'display_name': 'Rawlsian Affirmative Action', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2009951631', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/598170', 'mag': '2009951631'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/598170', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S184849641', 'display_name': 'Ethics', 'issn_l': '0014-1704', 'issn': ['0014-1704', '1539-297X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://philpapers.org/archive/TAYRAA.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079274526', 'display_name': 'Robert S. Taylor', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-6397'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert\xa0S. Taylor', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5079274526'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.246, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 84, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.992906, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '119', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '476', 'last_page': '506'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10718', 'display_name': 'Political Philosophy and Ethics', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10718', 'display_name': 'Political Philosophy and Ethics', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11997', 'display_name': 'Free Will and Agency', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10297', 'display_name': 'Philosophical Ethics and Theory', 'score': 0.9756, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1211', 'display_name': 'Philosophy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/injustice', 'display_name': 'Injustice', 'score': 0.5592186}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777732099', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244', 'display_name': 'Affirmative action', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8770387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777266375', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770480', 'display_name': 'Injustice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5592186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5567891}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139621336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382', 'display_name': 'Economic Justice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5174942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51431406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50026226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.380658}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/598170', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S184849641', 'display_name': 'Ethics', 'issn_l': '0014-1704', 'issn': ['0014-1704', '1539-297X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://philarchive.org/rec/TAYRAA', 'pdf_url': 'https://philpapers.org/archive/TAYRAA.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402130', 'display_name': 'PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://philarchive.org/rec/TAYRAA', 'pdf_url': 'https://philpapers.org/archive/TAYRAA.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402130', 'display_name': 'PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.62, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1176021', 'https://openalex.org/W166464494', 'https://openalex.org/W1968219656', 'https://openalex.org/W1976772845', 'https://openalex.org/W1990394494', 'https://openalex.org/W1999898934', 'https://openalex.org/W2043472726', 'https://openalex.org/W2070819541', 'https://openalex.org/W2088017167', 'https://openalex.org/W2122165510', 'https://openalex.org/W2281520650', 'https://openalex.org/W2301782095', 'https://openalex.org/W3126415788', 'https://openalex.org/W3255256', 'https://openalex.org/W4206910371', 'https://openalex.org/W4207012491', 'https://openalex.org/W4240826457', 'https://openalex.org/W4242142861', 'https://openalex.org/W4246861033', 'https://openalex.org/W4301969137', 'https://openalex.org/W4388154674'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W650520959', 'https://openalex.org/W4210480338', 'https://openalex.org/W4205548907', 'https://openalex.org/W3196632264', 'https://openalex.org/W2991647286', 'https://openalex.org/W2736157508', 'https://openalex.org/W2561678247', 'https://openalex.org/W2149640184', 'https://openalex.org/W2001604293', 'https://openalex.org/W1522275965'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessRawlsian': [4], 'Affirmative': [5, 148, 315], 'Action*Robert': [6], 'S.': [7, 9], 'TaylorRobert': [8], 'TaylorPDFPDF': [10], 'PLUSFull': [11], 'Text': [12], 'Add': [13], 'to': [14, 327], 'favoritesDownload': [15], 'CitationTrack': [16], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [17], 'Share': [18], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [19], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [20], 'by': [21, 44], 'Ethics': [22, 397], 'Volume': [23], '119,': [24], 'Number': [25], '3April': [26], '2009': [27, 43], 'Article': [28], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/598170': [29], 'Views:': [30], '988Total': [31], 'views': [32], 'on': [33, 407, 438], 'this': [34, 59], 'site': [35], 'Citations:': [36], '24Citations': [37], 'are': [38], 'reported': [39], 'from': [40], 'Crossref': [41, 53], '©': [42], 'The': [45, 196, 311, 331, 355, 377], 'University': [46], 'of': [47, 166, 178, 199, 313, 337, 344, 379, 395], 'Chicago.': [48], 'All': [49], 'rights': [50], 'reserved.PDF': [51], 'download': [52], 'reports': [54], 'the': [55, 164, 179, 233, 328, 334, 338, 342, 417], 'following': [56], 'articles': [57], 'citing': [58], 'article:Lars': [60], 'J.': [61], 'K.': [62], 'Moen': [63], 'How': [64], 'Do': [65], 'You': [66], 'Like': [67], 'Your': [68], 'Justice,': [69, 111, 151], 'Bent': [70], 'or': [71], 'Unbent?,': [72], 'Moral': [73, 428], 'Philosophy': [74, 112, 264, 302], 'and': [75, 152, 163, 193, 217, 231, 250, 260, 275, 281, 299, 341, 367, 409, 422, 427, 440], 'Politics': [76, 312], '0,': [77], 'no.00': [78], '(Jun': [79, 287], '2022).https://doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2021-0072Johannes': [80], 'Himmelreich': [81], 'Against': [82], '"Democratizing': [83], 'AI",': [84], 'AI': [85], '&': [86, 265, 303], 'SOCIETY': [87], '35': [88], '(Jan': [89, 131, 412], '2022).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01357-zAttila': [90], 'Mráz': [91], 'HOW': [92], 'TO': [93], 'JUSTIFY': [94], 'MANDATORY': [95], 'ELECTORAL': [96], 'QUOTAS:': [97], 'A': [98], 'POLITICAL': [99], 'EGALITARIAN': [100], 'APPROACH,': [101], 'Legal': [102], 'Theory': [103, 203, 216, 249, 280, 426], '27,': [104], 'no.44': [105, 349, 445], '(Dec': [106, 307, 432], '2021):': [107], '285–315.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352325221000252Andrew': [108], 'Valls': [109], 'Racial': [110, 356], 'Compass': [113], '16,': [114, 221, 267, 430], 'no.22': [115, 157, 184, 286], '(Feb': [116], '2021).https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12722Urs': [117], 'Lindner': [118], 'Von': [119], 'der': [120], 'Chancengleichheit': [121], 'zur': [122], 'gleichen': [123], 'Teilhabe,': [124], 'Zeitschrift': [125], 'für': [126], 'Politische': [127], 'Theorie': [128], '9,': [129], 'no.2-20182-2018': [130], '2020):': [132], '269–290.https://doi.org/10.3224/zpth.v9i2.09Julian': [133], 'Jonker': [134], 'AFFIRMATIVE': [135], 'ACTION': [136], 'FOR': [137], 'NON-RACIALISTS,': [138], 'Public': [139], 'Affairs': [140], 'Quarterly': [141], '33,': [142], 'no.33': [143, 205, 268, 370, 388], '(Jul': [144, 269, 371, 400], '2019):': [145, 159, 186], "195–214.https://doi.org/10.2307/26910029Re'em": [146], 'Segev': [147], 'Action:': [149], 'Well‐Being,': [150], 'Qualifications,': [153], 'Ratio': [154], 'Juris': [155], '32,': [156], '(May': [158], '138–156.https://doi.org/10.1111/raju.12240Alasia': [160], 'Nuti': [161], 'Injustice': [162], 'Reproduction': [165], 'History,': [167], '25': [168], '(Mar': [169, 223, 389], '2019).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108325592MARCUS': [170], 'ARVAN': [171], 'Nonideal': [172, 175, 410], 'Justice': [173], 'as': [174], 'Fairness,': [176], 'Journal': [177, 394], 'American': [180], 'Philosophical': [181], 'Association': [182], '5,': [183], '(Apr': [185], '208–228.https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2018.50Jovanna': [187], 'Rosen,': [188], 'Lisa': [189], 'Schweitzer': [190], 'Benefits-sharing': [191], 'agreements': [192], 'nonideal': [194], 'theory:': [195], 'warning': [197], 'signs': [198], 'agreement': [200], 'co-optation,': [201], 'Planning': [202], '17,': [204], '(Aug': [206], '2017):': [207, 256, 270, 288], '396–417.https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095217723382Jaime': [208], 'Ahlberg': [209], 'Living': [210, 228], 'well': [211], 'in': [212, 219, 232, 252, 277, 283, 317], 'an': [213], 'unjust': [214], 'world?,': [215], 'Research': [218, 251, 282], 'Education': [220, 253, 284], 'no.11': [222, 306, 399], '2018):': [224], '103–106.https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878517727933b': [225], 'Book': [226], 'symposiumCurrenRandallMetzgerEllen,': [227], 'Well': [229], 'Now': [230], 'Future:': [234], 'Why': [235], 'Sustainability': [236], 'Matters.The': [237], 'MIT': [238], 'Press,': [239], 'Cambridge,': [240], 'MA,': [241], '2017.': [242], '312': [243], 'pp.': [244], 'ISBN': [245], '9780262036009,': [246], '$34.00': [247], '(hbk),': [248], '11': [254], '(Sep': [255, 321], '147787851772793.https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878517727933DC': [257], 'Matthew': [258], 'Rawls': [259, 406, 437], 'racial': [261], 'justice,': [262, 279], 'Politics,': [263, 301, 365], 'Economics': [266, 304], '235–258.https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X17717736Juan': [271], 'Espindola': [272], 'Private': [273], 'schooling': [274], 'productivity': [276], 'educational': [278], '15,': [285, 305, 444], '129–144.https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878517713339Zofia': [289], 'Stemplowska': [290], 'Non-ideal': [291], 'Theory,': [292, 384, 411], '(Oct': [293, 446], '2016):': [294, 322, 351], '284–296.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118869109.ch20Timothy': [295], 'Waligore': [296], 'Rawls,': [297, 420], 'self-respect,': [298], 'assurance,': [300], '2015):': [308, 372], '42–66.https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X15599100David': [309], 'Lehmann': [310], 'Naming:': [314], 'Action': [316], 'Brazilian': [318], 'Higher': [319], 'Education,': [320], '179–221.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50958-1_7Xavier': [323], 'Marquez': [324], 'Maximizing': [325], 'Accountability': [326], 'Least': [329], 'Privileged:': [330], 'Difference': [332], 'Principle,': [333], 'Fair': [335], 'Value': [336], 'Political': [339], 'Liberties,': [340], 'Design': [343], 'Democratic': [345], 'Institutions,': [346], 'Polity': [347], '47,': [348], '(Nov': [350], '484–507.https://doi.org/10.1057/pol.2015.20Charles': [352], 'W.': [353], 'Mills': [354], 'Contract': [357], 'revisited:': [358], 'still': [359], 'unbroken': [360], 'after': [361], 'all': [362], 'these': [363], 'years,': [364], 'Groups,': [366], 'Identities': [368], '3,': [369], '541–557.https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2015.1053400Juan': [373], 'Espindola,': [374], 'Moises': [375], 'Vaca': [376], 'Problem': [378], 'Historical': [380], 'Rectification': [381], 'for': [382], 'Rawlsian': [383], 'Res': [385, 442], 'Publica': [386, 443], '20,': [387], '2014):': [390, 401, 413], '227–243.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-014-9244-zMark': [391], 'Winston': [392], 'Diversity,': [393], 'Information': [396], '23,': [398], '83–100.https://doi.org/10.3172/JIE.23.1.83Zofia': [402], 'Stemplowska,': [403], 'Adam': [404], 'Swift': [405], 'Ideal': [408], '112–127.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118328460.ch6Ryan': [414], 'Reed': [415], 'Are': [416], 'Kids': [418], 'Alright?': [419], 'Adoption,': [421], 'Gay': [423], 'Parents,': [424], 'Ethical': [425], 'Practice': [429], 'no.55': [431], '2012):': [433], '969–982.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-012-9398-8M.': [434], 'Victoria': [435], 'Costa': [436], 'Liberty': [439], 'Domination,': [441], '2009):': [447], '397–413.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-009-9102-6': [448]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009951631', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T22:53:06.089724', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}