Separation of Ownership and Control: Implications for Board Composition

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Enya He; David W. Sommer
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1017, 1045, 1068, 1098, 1136, 1162, 1191, 1216, 1246, 1295, 1365, 1395, 1422, 1447, 1475, 1505, 1528, 1551, 1583, 1613, 1640, 1668, 1693, 1741, 1760, 1785, 1807, 1854, 1877, 1897], 'Scholar': [369, 390, 419, 444, 474, 502, 528, 560, 599, 624, 650, 673, 705, 741, 774, 798, 827, 854, 881, 904, 929, 957, 987, 1018, 1046, 1069, 1099, 1137, 1163, 1192, 1217, 1247, 1272, 1296, 1338, 1366, 1396, 1423, 1448, 1476, 1506, 1529, 1552, 1584, 1614, 1641, 1669, 1694, 1713, 1742, 1761, 1786, 1808, 1823, 1855, 1878, 1898, 1919], 'R.,': [371, 392, 421, 447, 1508, 1532, 1744], 'H.': [373, 394, 533, 1075], 'Mehran,': [374, 395], '2003,': [375, 571, 607, 968], 'Is': [376], 'Corporate': [377, 397, 431, 537, 723, 753, 970, 980, 1057, 1263, 1327, 1490, 1655, 1705, 1772, 1797, 1860, 1863], 'Governance': [378, 432, 538, 981, 1328], 'Different': [379], 'Bank': [381, 410], 'Holding': [382], 'Companies?': [383], 'Economic': [384, 616, 1039, 1062, 1322], 'Policy': [385], 'Review,': [386, 1040, 1063], '91(1):': [387], '123-142.': [388], 'Google': [389, 418, 527, 559, 797, 986, 1271, 1337, 1712, 1822, 1918], '2008,': [396, 837, 1280, 1701, 1831], 'Performance,': [398, 1006, 1518], 'Structure': [400, 459, 483, 1261, 1330, 1376, 1406], 'Its': [402], 'Determinants': [403, 512, 721, 1256, 1282, 1646], 'Banking': [406, 872], 'Industry,': [407, 587, 1236, 1438, 1496, 1540], 'Federal': [408], 'Reserve': [409, 576], 'New': [412, 665, 791, 1332], 'York': [413, 666, 792, 1333], 'Staff': [414], 'Report,': [415], 'No.': [416, 984], '330.': [417], 'Anderson,': [420], 'T.': [422, 966, 1197, 1278], 'Bates,': [423], 'J.': [424, 604, 677, 712, 743, 780, 800, 829, 856, 933, 961, 1275, 1302, 1673, 1900], 'M.': [425, 428, 564, 605, 681, 713, 747, 909, 992, 1023, 1048, 1071, 1253, 1715, 1829, 1880], 'Bizjak,': [426], 'Lemmon,': [429], '2000,': [430], 'Firm': [434, 1005], 'Diversification,': [435], 'Financial': [436, 733, 809, 846, 1007, 1009, 1091, 1239, 1288, 1388, 1517, 1659, 1686, 1890], 'Management,': [437, 1008, 1156, 1735], '29(1):': [438], '5-22.': [439], '10.2307/3666358': [440], 'Baber,': [445], 'S.': [448, 682, 934, 959, 993, 1024, 1250, 1300, 1305, 1616, 1828, 1857], 'N.': [449, 534, 831, 1168], 'Janakiraman,': [450], 'S.-H.': [452], 'Kang,': [453], '1996,': [454, 862, 1171], 'Investment': [455], 'Opportunities': [456], 'Executive': [461, 608, 1113, 1432], 'Compensation,': [462], 'Accounting': [465, 590, 685, 696, 948, 1116, 1128, 1543], 'Economics,': [467, 523, 554, 592, 698, 734, 767, 847, 922, 950, 1092, 1130, 1240, 1289, 1389, 1416, 1545, 1687, 1891], '21(3):': [468], '297-318.': [469], '10.1016/0165-4101(96)00421-1': [470], 'Bajtelsmit,': [475], 'V.': [476, 1556, 1587], 'L.,': [477, 708, 830, 960], 'Bouzouita,': [480], '1998,': [481, 1026], 'Market': [482], 'Performance': [485, 544, 689, 1117, 1864], 'Private': [487, 662], 'Passenger': [488], 'Automobile': [489], 'Insurance,': [490, 495, 820, 1180, 1185, 1411, 1469, 1634], '65(3):': [496], '503-514.': [497], '10.2307/253662': [498], 'Bathala,': [503], 'C.': [504, 655, 710, 716, 746, 777, 910, 962, 1223, 1342, 1370, 1400, 1427, 1452, 1482, 1643], 'T.,': [505, 1554, 1586], 'P.': [508, 1298, 1590], 'Rao,': [509], '1995,': [510, 806], 'Composition:': [515, 727, 1651], 'An': [516, 728, 1148, 1321], 'Agency': [517, 612, 886, 1051, 1084, 1623], 'Perspective,': [519], 'Managerial': [520, 783, 1082, 1457, 1510], 'Decision': [522], '16(1):': [524, 1390], '59-69.': [525], '10.1002/mde.4090160108': [526], 'Baysinger,': [529], 'B.': [530, 989, 1020], 'D.,': [531, 857, 1340, 1368, 1398, 1425, 1450, 1478], 'Butler,': [535], '1985,': [536], 'Directors:': [543, 1320], 'Effects': [545, 997], 'Changes': [547], 'Composition,': [550, 755, 1727], 'Law,': [553], 'Organization,': [556], '1(1):': [557], '101-124.': [558], 'Beaver,': [561], 'H.,': [563, 1716], 'F.': [565], 'McNichols,': [566], 'K.': [568, 569, 1102, 1531], 'Nelson,': [570], 'Loss': [575, 940], 'Accrual': [577], 'Distribution': [580], 'Earnings': [582], 'Property-Casualty': [585, 867, 1410, 1538], 'Insurance': [586, 868, 1124, 1235, 1355, 1384, 1437, 1495, 1539], '35:': [593], '347-376.': [594], '10.1016/S0165-4101(03)00037-5': [595], 'Bebchuk,': [600], 'L.': [601, 709, 835, 965, 1196], 'A.,': [602, 652, 744, 1763, 1788, 1810, 1826], 'Fried,': [606], 'Compensation': [609, 1433], 'an': [611], 'Problem,': [613], 'Perspectives,': [617], '17:': [618, 699], '71-92.': [619], '10.1257/089533003769204362': [620], 'Beck,': [625], 'N.,': [626], '2001,': [627], 'Time-Series-Cross-Section': [628], 'Data:': [629], 'What': [630], 'Have': [631], 'Learned': [633], 'Past': [636], 'Few': [637], 'Years,': [638], 'Annual': [639], 'Review': [640], 'Political': [642, 896, 1576, 1606, 1776], 'Science,': [643], '4:': [644], '271-293.': [645], '10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.271': [646], 'Berle,': [651], 'G.': [654, 717, 1674], 'Means,': [656], '1932,': [657], 'Modern': [659], 'Corporation': [660, 1315], 'Property': [663], '(': [664, 790, 1331, 1816, 1911], ':': [667, 793, 1334, 1818, 1915], 'Macmillan': [668], 'Publishing).': [669], 'Blackwell,': [674], 'W.,': [676, 1299, 1617], 'A.': [678, 707, 1105, 1165, 1169, 1479, 1721], 'Brickley,': [679, 742, 775], 'Weisbach,': [683, 994, 1025, 1879], '1994,': [684, 1456], 'Information': [686, 1702], 'Internal': [688], 'Evaluation—Evidence': [690], 'From': [691, 1120, 1233, 1493], 'Banks,': [693], '331-358.': [700], '10.1016/0165-4101(94)90032-9': [701], 'Boone,': [706], 'Field,': [711], 'Karpoff,': [714], 'Raheja,': [718, 1642], 'Size': [725, 841, 1259, 1649], 'Empirical': [729, 814], 'Analysis,': [730, 1323, 1577, 1662], '85(1):': [735], '66-101.': [736], '10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.05.004': [737], 'James,': [748], '1987,': [749, 1141], 'Takeover': [751], 'Market,': [752], 'Structure:': [758], 'Case': [760], 'Banking,': [762], 'Law': [765, 920, 1414], '30(1):': [768], '161-180.': [769], '10.1086/467134': [770], 'J.,': [776, 931, 1194, 1274, 1696], 'Smith,': [778, 1225, 1344, 1372, 1402, 1429, 1454, 1484, 1809], 'Zimmerman,': [781], '2006,': [782, 1645], 'Economics': [784], 'Organizational': [786, 1146, 1349], 'Architecture,': [787], '4th': [788], 'edition': [789], 'McGraw-Hill': [794], 'Higher': [795], 'Education).': [796], 'Carson,': [799], 'M.,': [801, 1901], 'Hoyt,': [805], 'Life': [807, 1383, 1436, 1626], 'Insurer': [808, 1462, 1627], 'Distress:': [810], 'Classification': [811], 'Models': [812], 'Evidence,': [815], '62(4):': [821], '764-775.': [822], '10.2307/253595': [823], 'Coles,': [828], 'Daniel,': [833], 'Naveen,': [836], 'Boards:': [838, 1264], 'Does': [839, 1746], 'One': [840], 'Fit': [842], 'All?': [843], '87:': [848, 1290], '329-356.': [849], '10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.08.008': [850], 'Cummins,': [855], 'Capital': [863], 'Markets,': [869, 1356], '20:': [875, 1012, 1892], '1069-1092.': [876], '10.1016/0378-4266(95)00044-5': [877], 'Fama,': [882, 905], 'F.,': [884, 907, 1140], '1980,': [885], 'Problems': [887], 'Firm,': [893], 'Economy,': [897, 1777], '88(2):': [898], '288-307.': [899], '10.1086/260866': [900], 'Jensen,': [911, 1047, 1070], '1983,': [912, 1307], 'Control,': [917, 1773], '26(2):': [923, 1688], '301-325.': [924], '10.1086/467037': [925], 'Gaver,': [930], 'Paterson,': [935], '2004,': [936, 1255], 'Do': [937], 'Insurers': [938], 'Manipulate': [939], 'Reserves': [941], 'Mask': [943], 'Solvency': [944], 'Problems,': [945], '37(3):': [951], '393-416.': [952], '10.1016/j.jacceco.2003.10.010': [953], 'Gillan,': [958], 'Hartzell,': [963], 'Starks,': [967, 1198], 'Explaining': [969], 'Governance:': [971, 1861], 'Bylaws,': [973], 'Charter': [975], 'Provisions,': [976, 1348], 'Weinberg': [977], 'Center': [978], 'Working': [982, 1269, 1710], 'Paper': [983], '2003-03.': [985], 'Hermalin,': [988, 1019], 'E.,': [990, 1021, 1166], '1991,': [995], 'Direct': [1002], 'Incentives': [1003], 'Association,': [1011], '101-112.': [1013], '10.2307/3665716': [1014], 'Endogenously': [1027], 'Chosen': [1028], 'Boards': [1029, 1513], 'Directors': [1031, 1515, 1884], 'Their': [1033], 'Monitoring': [1034], 'CEO,': [1037], 'American': [1038, 1061], '88(1):': [1041], '96-118.': [1042], 'C.,': [1049, 1072, 1858], '1986,': [1050, 1374, 1768], 'Costs': [1052, 1085], 'Free': [1054], 'Cash': [1055], 'Flow,': [1056], 'Takeovers,': [1060], '76(2):': [1064], '323-329.': [1065], 'Meckling,': [1076], '1976,': [1077], 'Firm:': [1081], 'Behavior,': [1083], 'Structure,': [1088, 1285, 1350, 1464, 1629], '3(4):': [1093], '305-360.': [1094], '10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X': [1095], 'CASWeb': [1096], 'Ke,': [1100], 'Petroni,': [1103, 1530], 'Safieddine,': [1106], '1999,': [1107], 'Concentration': [1109], 'Sensitivity': [1111], 'Pay': [1114], 'Measures:': [1118], 'Evidence': [1119, 1232, 1492], 'Publicly': [1121], 'Privately-Held': [1123], 'Companies,': [1125, 1153, 1385], '28(2):': [1131], '185-209.': [1132], '10.1016/S0165-4101(99)00021-X': [1133], 'Kesner,': [1138], 'I.': [1139], "Directors'": [1142], 'Stock': [1143, 1200, 1382, 1461], 'Performance:': [1147], 'Investigation': [1149], 'Fortune': [1151], '500': [1152], '13(Fall):': [1157], '499-507.': [1158], '10.1177/014920638701300306': [1159], 'Kleffner,': [1164], 'Doherty,': [1170], 'Costly': [1172], 'Bearing': [1174], 'Supply': [1177], 'Catastrophic': [1179], '63(4):': [1186], '657-671.': [1187], '10.2307/253476': [1188], 'Lamm-Tennant,': [1193], '1993,': [1199], 'Versus': [1201], 'Mutual': [1202], 'Structures:': [1204], 'Implications,': [1207], 'Business,': [1210, 1359, 1441, 1499], '66(1):': [1211], '29-46.': [1212], '10.1086/296592': [1213], 'Lee,': [1218], 'S.-J.,': [1219], 'Mayers,': [1221, 1339, 1367, 1397, 1424, 1449, 1477], 'Jr.,': [1226, 1345, 1373, 1403, 1430, 1455, 1485], '1997,': [1227, 1486, 1622, 1793], 'Guaranty': [1228], 'Funds': [1229], 'Risk-Taking': [1231], '44(1):': [1241], '3-24.': [1242], '10.1016/S0304-405X(96)00007-4': [1243], 'Lehn,': [1248], 'K.,': [1249], 'Patro,': [1251], 'Zhao,': [1254], '1935-2000,': [1265], 'Pittsburgh': [1268], 'Paper.': [1270, 1711], 'Linck,': [1273], 'Netter,': [1276], 'Yang,': [1279], '308-328.': [1291], '10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.03.004': [1292], 'MacAvoy,': [1297], 'Cantor,': [1301], 'Dana,': [1303], 'Peck,': [1306], 'ALI': [1308], 'Proposals': [1309], 'Increased': [1311], 'Control': [1312, 1353], 'in:': [1324], 'Principles': [1325], 'Roundtable).': [1336], '1981,': [1346], 'Contractual': [1347], 'Conflict': [1352], '54(3):': [1360], '407-434.': [1361], '10.1086/296138': [1362], 'Mutualization': [1380], '73-98.': [1391], '10.1016/0304-405X(86)90043-7': [1392], '1988,': [1404, 1509, 1882], 'Across': [1407], 'Lines': [1408], '31(2):': [1417], '351-378.': [1418], '10.1086/467160': [1419], '1992,': [1431, 1533], '65(1):': [1442], '51-74.': [1443], '10.1086/296557': [1444], 'Discretion,': [1458], 'Regulation,': [1459], '61(4):': [1470], '638-655.': [1471], '10.2307/253642': [1472], 'Shivdasani,': [1480], '70(1):': [1500], '33-62.': [1501], '10.1086/209707': [1502], 'Molz,': [1507], 'Domination': [1511], 'Research,': [1522, 1607, 1871], '16:': [1523], '235-249.': [1524], '10.1016/0148-2963(88)90072-0': [1525], 'Optimistic': [1534], 'Reporting': [1535], '15(4):': [1546], '485-508.': [1547], '10.1016/0165-4101(92)90003-K': [1548], 'Plumper,': [1553, 1585], 'Troeger,': [1557, 1588], 'Efficient': [1559], 'Estimation': [1560], 'Time-Invariant': [1562], 'Rarely': [1564], 'Changing': [1565], 'Variables': [1566], 'Finite': [1568], 'Sample': [1569], 'Panel': [1570, 1593, 1909], 'Analyses': [1571], 'With': [1572], 'Unit': [1573], 'Fixed': [1574], 'Effects,': [1575], '15:': [1578, 1736], '124-139.': [1579], '10.1093/pan/mpm002': [1580], 'Manow,': [1591], '2005,': [1592], 'Data': [1594, 1910], 'Analysis': [1595, 1904], 'Comparative': [1597], 'Politics:': [1598], 'Linking': [1599], 'Method': [1600], 'Theory,': [1602], 'European': [1603], '44:': [1608], '327-354.': [1609], '10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00230.x': [1610], 'Pottier,': [1615], '64(3):': [1635], '529-543.': [1636], '10.2307/253763': [1637], 'G.,': [1644], 'Quantitative': [1661], '40(2):': [1663], '283-306.': [1664], '10.1017/S0022109000002313': [1665], 'Rosenstein,': [1670], 'S.,': [1671, 1881], 'Wyatt,': [1675], '1990,': [1676], 'Outside': [1677, 1883], 'Directors,': [1678], 'Independence,': [1680], 'Shareholder': [1682, 1728], 'Wealth,': [1683, 1729], '175-191.': [1689], '10.1016/0304-405X(90)90002-H': [1690], 'Ruhland,': [1695], 'Asymmetry': [1703], 'Governance,': [1706, 1798], 'Georgia': [1709], 'Schellenger,': [1714], 'Wood,': [1719], 'Tashakori,': [1722], '1989,': [1723], 'Director': [1726], 'Dividend': [1731], 'Policy,': [1732], '457-467.': [1737], '10.1177/014920638901500308': [1738], 'Schmidt,': [1743], '1975,': [1745], 'Really': [1749], 'Make': [1750], 'Difference?': [1752], 'Conference': [1753], 'Record,': [1755], '12(March):': [1756], '38-41.': [1757], 'PubMedWeb': [1758], 'Shleifer,': [1762, 1787], 'Vishny,': [1767, 1792], 'Large': [1769], 'Shareholders': [1770], '94(3,': [1778], 'Part': [1779], '1):': [1780], '461-488.': [1781], '10.1086/261385': [1782], 'Survey': [1795], '52(2):': [1802], '737-783.': [1803], '10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x': [1804], '1776,': [1811], 'Wealth': [1813], 'Nations': [1815], 'London': [1817], 'Methuen': [1819], '&': [1820], 'Co.).': [1821], 'Steinberg,': [1824], 'Saideman,': [1830], 'Laissez': [1832], 'Faire:': [1833], 'Assessing': [1834, 1862], 'Impact': [1836], 'Government': [1838], 'Involvement': [1839], 'Economy': [1842], 'Ethnic': [1844], 'Violence,': [1845], 'International': [1846], 'Studies': [1847], 'Quarterly,': [1848], '52:': [1849], '235-259.': [1850], '10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00500.x': [1851], 'Vance,': [1856], '1978,': [1859], 'Boardroom': [1866], 'Attributes,': [1867], '6:': [1872], '203-220.': [1873], '10.1016/0148-2963(78)90024-3': [1874], 'CEO': [1886], 'Turnover,': [1887], '431-460.': [1893], '10.1016/0304-405X(88)90053-0': [1894], 'Wooldridge,': [1899], '2002,': [1902], 'Econometric': [1903], 'Cross': [1906], 'Section': [1907], 'Cambridge': [1912], ',': [1913], 'MA': [1914], 'MIT': [1916], 'Press).': [1917], 'Citing': [1920], 'Literature': [1921], 'Volume77,': [1922], 'Issue2June': [1923], '2010Pages': [1924], 'ReferencesRelatedInformation': [1926]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009903652', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T23:14:33.059767', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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