Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2009390454', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200500105984', 'title': 'Enlightenment by Fiat: Secularization and Democracy in Turkey', 'display_name': 'Enlightenment by Fiat: Secularization and Democracy in Turkey', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2009390454', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200500105984', 'mag': '2009390454'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200500105984', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164505828', 'display_name': 'Middle Eastern Studies', 'issn_l': '0026-3206', 'issn': ['0026-3206', '1743-7881'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000501979', 'display_name': 'Haldun Gülalp', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Haldun Gülalp', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5000501979'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 11.919, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 50, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.975959, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '41', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '351', 'last_page': '372'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11783', 'display_name': "Turkey's Politics and Society", 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11783', 'display_name': "Turkey's Politics and Society", 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11507', 'display_name': 'Religion and Society Interactions', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10794', 'display_name': 'Islamic Studies and History', 'score': 0.9941, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/secularization', 'display_name': 'Secularization', 'score': 0.80195034}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780326160', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592592', 'display_name': 'Enlightenment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8322188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9299846', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85502', 'display_name': 'Secularization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.80195034}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555826173', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174', 'display_name': 'Democracy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.64545476}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5179707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.23848766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2128467}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.20360869}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27206212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178', 'display_name': 'Theology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16440862}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200500105984', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164505828', 'display_name': 'Middle Eastern Studies', 'issn_l': '0026-3206', 'issn': ['0026-3206', '1743-7881'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'score': 0.58, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1527342789', 'https://openalex.org/W1602031795', 'https://openalex.org/W1602797736', 'https://openalex.org/W1673837696', 'https://openalex.org/W1966509945', 'https://openalex.org/W1973045495', 'https://openalex.org/W1979144849', 'https://openalex.org/W2001716107', 'https://openalex.org/W2014007352', 'https://openalex.org/W2032453131', 'https://openalex.org/W2033007384', 'https://openalex.org/W2055186683', 'https://openalex.org/W2062110758', 'https://openalex.org/W2064374220', 'https://openalex.org/W2072086078', 'https://openalex.org/W2080897592', 'https://openalex.org/W2099813532', 'https://openalex.org/W2114755288', 'https://openalex.org/W2118792207', 'https://openalex.org/W2135936182', 'https://openalex.org/W2141402208', 'https://openalex.org/W2197010004', 'https://openalex.org/W2321668174', 'https://openalex.org/W2327802974', 'https://openalex.org/W2328140152', 'https://openalex.org/W2907558917', 'https://openalex.org/W2947108912', 'https://openalex.org/W560406628', 'https://openalex.org/W616937961'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4236714005', 'https://openalex.org/W3088350098', 'https://openalex.org/W2939104085', 'https://openalex.org/W2884924814', 'https://openalex.org/W2791050221', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2526003466', 'https://openalex.org/W2365993127', 'https://openalex.org/W2350030068', 'https://openalex.org/W1565622986'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Click': [0], 'to': [1, 5, 19, 176, 383, 389, 1087, 1183, 1196, 1208], 'increase': [2], 'image': [3, 7], 'sizeClick': [4], 'decrease': [6], 'size': [8], 'Notes': [9], 'This': [10], 'article': [11, 61], 'has': [12], 'long': [13], 'been': [14], 'in': [15, 46, 74, 81, 92, 108, 227, 242, 274, 280, 292, 313, 316, 328, 359, 393, 435, 453, 486, 552, 572, 627, 652, 718, 722, 762, 844, 879, 907, 935, 937, 963, 1058, 1069, 1110, 1143, 1154, 1199, 1256, 1274, 1360, 1364, 1369, 1384, 1386, 1391, 1428, 1523, 1555, 1567, 1591, 1623, 1666, 1691, 1701, 1720, 1726, 1738, 1758, 1788, 1828, 1844, 1874, 1880], 'the': [16, 23, 34, 42, 65, 69, 82, 88, 100, 104, 126, 165, 219, 269, 340, 356, 403, 406, 446, 462, 471, 495, 512, 525, 553, 558, 573, 587, 628, 804, 815, 820, 823, 841, 845, 1007, 1120, 1155, 1184, 1257, 1349, 1443, 1532, 1586, 1647, 1658, 1686, 1702, 1715, 1721, 1773, 1820, 1825, 1845, 1859], 'making,': [17], 'due': [18], 'intermittent': [20], 'attention': [21], 'over': [22], 'years,': [24], 'and': [25, 54, 98, 152, 179, 209, 245, 272, 282, 290, 319, 325, 339, 355, 362, 387, 395, 405, 424, 438, 445, 461, 484, 494, 509, 524, 586, 591, 603, 608, 613, 625, 650, 655, 661, 703, 716, 749, 790, 819, 933, 940, 960, 990, 1001, 1006, 1042, 1056, 1063, 1105, 1112, 1119, 1128, 1134, 1150, 1212, 1221, 1272, 1286, 1341, 1348, 1353, 1358, 1381, 1423, 1486, 1496, 1501, 1505, 1552, 1558, 1564, 1585, 1589, 1606, 1655, 1657, 1669, 1685, 1695, 1729, 1735, 1760, 1786, 1805, 1819, 1858, 1868, 1884], 'I': [26, 130, 173], 'have': [27], 'accumulated': [28], 'a': [29, 39, 162, 252, 415, 908, 947, 1011, 1131, 1189, 1219, 1223, 1361], 'number': [30], 'of': [31, 44, 59, 68, 87, 103, 225, 240, 251, 380, 421, 476, 511, 527, 531, 557, 578, 666, 680, 728, 738, 803, 814, 822, 827, 840, 862, 873, 877, 946, 974, 983, 1038, 1101, 1137, 1152, 1166, 1229, 1239, 1280, 1305, 1327, 1425, 1433, 1442, 1519, 1531, 1597, 1689, 1723, 1765, 1811, 1871], 'debts': [32], 'along': [33], 'way.': [35], 'Initially': [36], 'drafted': [37], 'as': [38], 'reflection': [40], 'on': [41, 161, 263, 470, 611, 767, 905, 1537, 1646, 1832], 'events': [43], '1996–97': [45], 'Turkey,': [47, 1538, 1833], 'when': [48], 'an': [49, 1517], 'Islamist': [50], 'government': [51], 'was': [52, 158, 1191, 1201], 'formed': [53], 'then': [55, 1216], 'overthrown,': [56], 'successive': [57], 'versions': [58], 'this': [60, 1167], 'were': [62], 'presented': [63], 'at': [64, 99, 164], 'annual': [66, 101], 'meeting': [67], 'Middle': [70, 993, 1434, 1703], 'East': [71, 1435, 1704], 'Studies': [72, 279, 354, 392, 1109], 'Association': [73], 'San': [75], 'Francisco,': [76], 'CA': [77], '(22–24': [78], 'Nov.': [79], '1997),': [80, 334, 457, 1744], 'Mediterranean': [83], 'Programme': [84], 'Seminar': [85], 'Series': [86], 'European': [89, 357, 842], 'University': [90, 200, 214, 231, 304, 332, 345, 475, 530, 577, 617, 665, 679, 727, 742, 850, 1245, 1266, 1298, 1311, 1571, 1596, 1613, 1708, 1742, 1764, 1810], 'Institute': [91, 452], 'Florence,': [93], 'Italy': [94], '(30': [95], 'March': [96], '2000),': [97, 1094], 'conference': [102], 'Social': [105, 1294, 1759], 'Theory': [106], 'Consortium': [107], 'Dubrovnik,': [109], 'Croatia': [110], '(1–4': [111], 'July': [112], '2002).': [113], 'Successive': [114], 'drafts': [115], 'benefited': [116], 'from': [117, 1130, 1840], 'comments': [118], 'by': [119, 658, 1170], 'numerous': [120], 'colleagues': [121], 'who': [122, 1173], 'read': [123], 'or': [124, 1663], 'heard': [125], 'article.': [127], 'Those': [128], 'that': [129, 1175, 1188], 'can': [131], 'actually': [132], 'identify': [133], 'include': [134], 'Virginia': [135], 'Aksan,': [136], 'Schirin': [137], 'Amir-Moazami,': [138], 'Fatma': [139, 1692], 'Müge': [140, 1693], 'Göçek,': [141], 'Nikki': [142, 375, 582], 'Keddie,': [143, 377, 584, 1004, 1325, 1346], 'Robert': [144, 899], 'Lee,': [145], 'Ayşe': [146], 'Öncü,': [147], 'Günter': [148, 1526], 'Seufert,': [149, 1527], 'Nükhet': [150], 'Sirman,': [151], 'Jenny': [153], 'White.': [154], 'The': [155, 187, 223, 503, 507, 516, 678, 686, 689, 747, 777, 801, 838, 871, 875, 972, 1146, 1227, 1237, 1260, 1303, 1506, 1524, 1583, 1620, 1753, 1791, 1801, 1809, 1856], 'final': [156], 'draft': [157], 'prepared': [159], 'while': [160], 'fellowship': [163], 'Woodrow': [166], 'Wilson': [167], 'International': [168, 828, 863, 1431], 'Center': [169], 'for': [170, 1516], 'Scholars': [171], '(2002–03).': [172], 'am': [174], 'grateful': [175], 'all': [177], 'persons': [178], 'institutions': [180], 'named': [181], 'above.': [182], 'See': [183, 465, 500, 536, 546, 1096, 1277, 1282, 1418, 1617, 1780], 'Wolfgang': [184], 'Sachs': [185], '(ed.),': [186, 765, 1367, 1389], 'Development': [188, 197, 224, 640, 876, 962, 1279, 1762], 'Dictionary': [189], '(London:': [190, 255, 364, 408, 631, 769, 893, 950, 977, 1159, 1231, 1372, 1394, 1626], 'Zed': [191], 'Press,': [192, 201, 215, 305, 333, 346, 373, 478, 518, 533, 544, 580, 618, 645, 668, 682, 731, 753, 808, 851, 1246, 1267, 1299, 1312, 1572, 1599, 1614, 1678, 1709, 1743, 1767, 1813], '1992);': [193], 'Arturo': [194], 'Escobar,': [195], 'Encountering': [196], '(Princeton:': [198, 212, 615, 1264, 1296, 1309], 'Princeton': [199, 213, 616, 1265, 1297, 1310], '1995);': [202], 'Dipesh': [203], 'Chakrabarty,': [204], 'Provincializing': [205], 'Europe:': [206], 'Postcolonial': [207], 'Thought': [208, 1308], 'Historical': [210], 'Difference': [211], '2000).': [216], 'See,': [217, 261, 349, 566, 1490, 1602, 1848, 1862], 'e.g.,': [218, 262, 350, 567, 1863], 'classic,': [220], 'Niyazi': [221], 'Berkes,': [222, 1278], 'Secularism': [226, 934, 1273, 1787], 'Turkey': [228, 329, 964, 976, 1241, 1371, 1393, 1568, 1739], '(Montreal:': [229], 'McGill': [230], 'Press,1964);': [232], 'see': [233], 'also': [234], 'Enver': [235], 'Ziya': [236], 'Karal,': [237, 981], "'The": [238, 310, 378, 855, 1030, 1528, 1866], 'Principles': [239], "Kemalism',": [241], 'Ergun': [243, 938, 1051, 1081], 'Özbudun': [244, 939], 'Ali': [246, 941], 'Kazancıgil': [247, 942], '(eds.),': [248, 322], 'Atatürk:': [249, 944], 'Founder': [250, 945], 'Modern': [253, 555, 574, 948, 975, 1240, 1370, 1392], 'State': [254, 407, 726, 949], 'C.': [256, 662, 951, 1627], 'Hurst': [257, 952, 1628], '&': [258, 771, 796, 914, 953, 1629], 'Co,': [259], '1981).': [260], 'India:': [264], 'Subrata': [265], 'Kumar': [266], 'Mitra,': [267], "'Desecularising": [268], 'State:': [270, 588, 1660, 1823], 'Religion': [271, 624, 768, 906], 'Politics': [273, 291, 626], 'India': [275], 'after': [276], "Independence',": [277], 'Comparative': [278, 314, 385, 391, 723, 1108], 'Society': [281, 301, 394, 676, 715, 1041, 1111, 1594], 'History,': [283, 396, 1113], 'Vol.33,': [284], 'No.4': [285, 1797], '(1991);': [286], 'Sudipta': [287], 'Kaviraj,': [288], "'Modernity": [289], "India',": [293], 'Daedalus,': [294], 'Vol.129,': [295], 'No.1': [296], '(2000).': [297, 998], 'Ernest': [298, 308, 418, 1035], 'Gellner,': [299, 309, 1029, 1036], 'Muslim': [300, 416, 447], '(Cambridge:': [302, 751, 806, 848], 'Cambridge': [303, 849], '1981),': [306, 955, 968, 1027], 'p.7.': [307], 'Turkish': [311, 988, 1031, 1084, 1507, 1533, 1592, 1621, 1648, 1659, 1724, 1754], 'Option': [312], "Perspective'": [315], 'Sibel': [317, 1556, 1727], 'Bozdoğan': [318, 1557, 1728], 'Reşat': [320, 1559, 1730], 'Kasaba': [321, 1560, 1731], 'Rethinking': [323, 369, 1562, 1733, 1824], 'Modernity': [324, 1563, 1734], 'National': [326, 817, 1550, 1565, 1736], 'Identity': [327, 818, 1566, 1737, 1785], '(Seattle:': [330, 529, 1569, 1740], 'Washington': [331, 532, 1570, 1741], 'pp.233–4.': [335], 'Bernard': [336, 1235], 'Lewis,': [337, 459, 492, 1117, 1236], 'Islam': [338, 370, 433, 460, 493, 528, 959, 1000, 1118, 1340, 1368, 1390], 'West': [341], '(New': [342, 514, 540, 641, 692, 740, 781, 793, 911, 1045, 1242, 1674, 1705], 'York:': [343, 515, 541, 642, 741, 782, 794, 912, 1046, 1243, 1675, 1706], 'Oxford': [344, 1244], '1993),': [347, 979], 'p.135.': [348], 'Aziz': [351], 'Al-Azmeh,': [352], "'Islamic": [353], "Imagination',": [358], 'idem,': [360], 'Islams': [361], 'Modernities': [363], 'Verso,': [365, 894], '1993);': [366], 'Mohammed': [367], 'Arkoun,': [368], '(Boulder:': [371, 1074], 'Westview': [372], '1994);': [374, 581], 'R.': [376, 583, 869], 'Revolt': [379], 'Islam,': [381, 402], '1700': [382], '1993:': [384], 'Considerations': [386], 'Relations': [388], "Imperialism',": [390], 'Vol.36,': [397, 996], 'No.3': [398, 831, 866, 997], '(1994);': [399], 'Sami': [400, 411], 'Zubaida,': [401, 412], 'People': [404], 'Routledge,': [409, 632, 978], '1991);': [410], "'Is": [413, 432], 'There': [414, 1545, 1548], 'Society?': [417], "Gellner's": [419], 'Sociology': [420], "Islam',": [422], 'Economy': [423, 654, 702], 'Society,': [425, 443, 656, 704], 'Vol.24,': [426], 'No.2,': [427, 564], '(1995).': [428], 'Sadik': [429, 480], 'J.': [430, 481, 811], "Al-'Azm,": [431, 482], "Secularizable?'": [434], 'Elisabeth': [436], 'Özdalga': [437], 'Sune': [439], 'Persson': [440], '(eds),': [441, 606, 943, 1067, 1561, 1672, 1698, 1732, 1888], 'Civil': [442, 1040, 1291], 'Democracy': [444, 1068], 'World': [448, 575, 630, 910], '(Istanbul:': [449], 'Swedish': [450], 'Research': [451], 'Istanbul,': [454], 'Transactions,': [455], 'Vol.7,': [456], 'p.18.': [458], 'West,': [463, 496, 1121], 'p.39': [464], 'Ervand': [466], 'Abrahamian,': [467], 'Khomeinism:': [468], 'Essays': [469, 904], 'Islamic': [472], 'Republic': [473], '(Berkeley:': [474, 664, 1595], 'California': [477, 667, 1598], '1993).': [479], "'Orientalism": [483], 'Orientalism': [485], "Reverse',": [487], 'Khamsin,': [488], 'No.8': [489], '(1981),': [490], 'p.22.': [491], 'p.149.': [497], 'Ibid.,': [498, 635, 671, 710, 1079, 1123, 1335, 1337, 1376, 1446], 'p.150.': [499], 'Eviatar': [501], 'Zerubavel,': [502], 'Seven': [504], 'Day': [505, 551], 'Circle:': [506], 'History': [508, 737, 1295], 'Meaning': [510], 'Week': [513], 'Free': [517], '1985),': [519, 754], 'pp.28–34.': [520], 'Maxime': [521], 'Rodinson,': [522], 'Europe': [523, 612, 739, 881], 'Mystique': [526], '1987),': [534], 'pp.60–1.': [535], 'Samir': [537, 637], 'Amin,': [538, 638, 698], 'Eurocentrism': [539, 699], 'Monthly': [542, 643], 'Review': [543, 644], '1989).': [545, 697, 1300, 1679], 'Judith': [547], 'Berman,': [548], "'Bad": [549], 'Hair': [550], 'Paleolithic:': [554], '(Re)Constructions': [556], 'Cave': [559], "Man',": [560], 'American': [561], 'Anthropologist,': [562], 'Vol.101,': [563], '(1999).': [565, 619], 'Jose': [568], 'Casanova,': [569], 'Public': [570], 'Religions': [571], '(Chicago:': [576, 677, 1611, 1763], 'Chicago': [579, 681, 1612, 1766], "'Secularism": [585, 1005, 1347], 'Towards': [589], 'Clarity': [590], 'Global': [592], "Comparison',": [593], 'New': [594, 729, 1535, 1830], 'Left': [595], 'Review,': [596], 'No.226': [597], '(1997);': [598], 'Peter': [599, 775], 'van': [600], 'der': [601], 'Veer': [602], 'Hartmut': [604], 'Lehmann': [605], 'Nation': [607], 'Religion:': [609], 'Perspectives': [610, 1536, 1831], 'Asia': [614], 'Nazih': [620], 'Ayubi,': [621], 'Political': [622, 961, 1002, 1342, 1382, 1487, 1661], 'Islam:': [623, 719, 1876], 'Arab': [629], '1991),': [633, 897, 1397, 1600], 'p.30.': [634], 'pp.27–34.': [636], 'Unequal': [639], '1976).': [646], 'Max': [647], 'Weber,': [648, 701], "'Patriarchalism": [649], "Patrimonialism',": [651], 'Idem,': [653], 'edited': [657], 'G.': [659], 'Roth': [660], 'Wittich': [663], '1978),': [669], 'p.1070.': [670], 'pp.1010–13.': [672], 'Marc': [673], 'Bloch,': [674], 'Feudal': [675], '1961);': [683], 'Halil': [684], 'İnalcık,': [685, 706], 'Ottoman': [687, 707, 720, 1156, 1258, 1290, 1307], 'Empire:': [688, 1259], 'Classical': [690], 'Age': [691, 1228], 'Rochelle,': [693], 'NY:': [694], 'Orpheus': [695], 'Publishing,': [696], 'compare': [700], 'pp.583–9.': [705], 'Empire,': [708, 1157], 'pp.169–171.': [709], 'p.94;': [711], 'Haim': [712], 'Gerber,': [713], 'State,': [714], 'Law': [717, 721], 'Perspective': [724], '(Albany:': [725], 'York': [730], '1994),': [732, 885, 1049, 1710], 'pp.78–112.': [733], 'Henri': [734], 'Pirenne,': [735], 'A': [736, 1293, 1756, 1877], 'Books,': [743], '1955).': [744], 'Anthony': [745, 853], 'Giddens,': [746], 'Nation-State': [748], 'Violence': [750], 'Polity': [752], 'p.48.': [755, 980], 'Compare:': [756, 1345], 'Emile': [757], 'Durkheim,': [758], "'Moral": [759], "Education'": [760], '(1925),': [761], 'W.S.F.': [763], 'Pickering': [764], 'Durkheim': [766], 'R': [770], 'K': [772], 'Paul,': [773], '1975).': [774, 852], 'Gay,': [776], 'Enlightenment:': [778], 'An': [779], 'Interpretation': [780], 'Alfred': [783], 'A.': [784, 1782], 'Knopf,': [785], '1966);': [786, 798], 'R.W.': [787], 'Harris,': [788], 'Absolutism': [789], 'Enlightenment,': [791], '1660–1789': [792], 'Harper': [795, 913], 'Row,': [797, 915], 'Lucien': [799], 'Goldmann,': [800], 'Philosophy': [802], 'Enlightenment': [805], 'MIT': [807], '1973).': [809], 'Adam': [810], 'Lerner,': [812, 1440], "'Transcendence": [813, 1441], 'Nation:': [816, 856], 'Terrain': [821], 'Divine,': [824], 'Millenium:': [825, 860], 'Journal': [826, 861, 1432], 'Studies,': [829, 864, 995, 1436, 1651], 'Vol.20,': [830, 865], '(1991),': [832], 'p.407;': [833], 'see,': [834, 887], 'also,': [835, 888, 1491, 1603, 1849], 'Owen': [836], 'Chadwick,': [837], 'Secularization': [839], 'Mind': [843], 'Nineteenth': [846], 'Century': [847], 'Smith,': [854], 'Invented,': [857], 'Imagined,': [858], "Reconstructed?',": [859], '(1991).': [867], 'Josep': [868], 'Llobera,': [870], 'God': [872], 'Modernity:': [874], 'Nationalism': [878], 'Western': [880], '(Oxford:': [882], 'Berg': [883], 'Publishers,': [884], 'pp.143–6;': [886], 'Benedict': [889], 'Anderson,': [890, 1454], 'Imagined': [891, 1455], 'Communities': [892], 'revised': [895], 'edition,': [896], 'p.11.': [898], 'N.': [900], 'Bellah,': [901], 'Beyond': [902], 'Belief:': [903], 'Post-Traditional': [909], '1970),': [916], 'pp.168–89.': [917], 'Türk': [918, 1460], 'İnkılap': [919], 'Tarihi': [920], 'Enstitüsü,': [921], "Atatürk'ün": [922], 'Söylev': [923], 've': [924, 1475], 'Demeçleri': [925], '(Vol.1,': [926], 'Ankara,': [927], '1990),': [928], 'p.74': [929], 'Şerif': [930, 1301], 'Mardin,': [931, 1270, 1302, 1329], "'Religion": [932, 1271, 1380, 1485], "Turkey',": [936, 1275, 1385, 1430, 1829], 'Co.,': [954, 1630], 'pp.207–8;': [956], 'Binnaz': [957], 'Toprak,': [958, 999, 1339], '(Leiden:': [965, 1892], 'E.J.': [966, 1225, 1893], 'Brill,': [967, 1894], 'p.66;': [969], 'Feroz': [970, 1618], 'Ahmad,': [971, 1619], 'Making': [973], "'Principles": [982], "Kemalism'.": [984], 'Kemal': [985], 'Kirişçi,': [986], "'Disaggregating": [987], 'Citizenship': [989], 'Immigration': [991], "Practices'": [992], 'Eastern': [994], 'Development;': [1003], "State',": [1008], 'pp.31–2.': [1009], 'For': [1010], 'detailed': [1012], 'account,': [1013], 'see:': [1014], 'Mete': [1015], 'Tunçay,': [1016], 'Türkiye': [1017], "Cumhuriyeti'nde": [1018], 'Tek': [1019], 'Parti': [1020], 'Yönetiminin': [1021], 'Kurulması': [1022], '(1923–1931)': [1023], '(Ankara:': [1024], 'Yurt': [1025, 1468], 'Yayınları,': [1026, 1323, 1408, 1469, 1479], 'pp.225–40.': [1028], "Option',": [1032], 'pp.233,': [1033], '236.': [1034], 'Conditions': [1037], 'Liberty:': [1039], 'Its': [1043], 'Rivals': [1044], 'Allen': [1047], 'Lane,': [1048], 'pp.199–200.': [1050], 'Özbudun,': [1052, 1082], "'Turkey:": [1053], 'Crises,': [1054], 'Interruptions,': [1055], "Requilibrations',": [1057], 'Larry': [1059], 'Diamond,': [1060], 'Juan': [1061], 'Linz,': [1062], 'Seymour': [1064], 'Martin': [1065], 'Lipset': [1066], 'Developing': [1070], 'Countries:': [1071], 'Asia,': [1072], 'Vol.3': [1073], 'Lynne': [1075, 1092], 'Rienner,': [1076, 1093], '1989),': [1077], 'p.197.': [1078], 'p.187.': [1080], 'Contemporary': [1083, 1789], 'Politics:': [1085], 'Challenges': [1086], 'Democratic': [1088, 1822], 'Consolidation': [1089], '(Boulder,': [1090], 'CO:': [1091], 'p.1.': [1095], 'Rebecca': [1097], 'Bryant,': [1098], "'An": [1099], 'Aesthetic': [1100], 'Self:': [1102], 'Moral': [1103], 'Remaking': [1104], 'Cypriot': [1106], "Education',": [1107], 'Vol.43,': [1114], 'No.3,': [1115], '(2001).': [1116, 1835], 'p.33.': [1122], 'pp.33–4.': [1124], 'R.G.': [1125], 'Latham,': [1126], 'Russian': [1127], 'Turk,': [1129], 'Geographical,': [1132], 'Ethnological,': [1133], 'Historic': [1135], 'Point': [1136], 'View': [1138], '(London,': [1139], '1878),': [1140], 'p.160,': [1141], 'quoted': [1142], 'Selim': [1144], 'Deringil,': [1145, 1332], 'Well-Protected': [1147, 1333], 'Domains:': [1148], 'Ideology': [1149], 'Legitimation': [1151], 'Power': [1153], '1876–1909': [1158], 'I.B.Tauris,': [1160], '1998),': [1161, 1470], 'p.136.': [1162], 'Another': [1163], 'striking': [1164], 'example': [1165], 'is': [1168], 'cited': [1169], 'Eric': [1171], 'Hobsbawm,': [1172, 1226], 'observes': [1174], "'liberal'": [1176], 'legislation': [1177], 'under': [1178], 'Napoleon': [1179], 'III': [1180], "'opened": [1181], 'citizenship': [1182], 'native': [1185], "Algerian'": [1186], 'provided': [1187], 'condition': [1190], 'met:': [1192], "'All": [1193], 'he': [1194, 1204, 1217], 'had': [1195], 'give': [1197], 'up,': [1198], 'effect,': [1200], 'Islam;': [1202], 'if': [1203], 'did': [1205, 1214], 'not': [1206, 1222, 1643], 'want': [1207], 'do': [1209], 'so': [1210], '–': [1211, 1215], 'few': [1213], 'remained': [1218], 'subject': [1220], "citizen.'": [1224], 'Revolution': [1230], 'Abacus,': [1232], '1977),': [1233, 1631], 'p.241.': [1234], 'Emergence': [1238], '2nd': [1247], 'ed.,': [1248], '1968),': [1249, 1416], 'pp.106–28;': [1250], 'Carter': [1251, 1287], 'V.': [1252, 1288], 'Findley,': [1253, 1283, 1289], 'Bureaucratic': [1254, 1284], 'Reform': [1255, 1285], 'Sublime': [1261], 'Porte,': [1262], '1789–1922': [1263], '1980),': [1268], 'pp.152–8;': [1269], 'pp.195–6.': [1276], 'Secularism.': [1281], 'Officialdom:': [1292], 'Genesis': [1304], 'Young': [1306], '1962);': [1313], "Mümtaz'er": [1314], 'Türköne,': [1315], 'Siyasi': [1316], 'İdeoloji': [1317], 'Olarak': [1318], 'İslamcılığın': [1319], 'Doğuşu': [1320], '(İstanbul:': [1321, 1406, 1465, 1477], 'İletişim': [1322, 1478], '1991).': [1324, 1375], "'Revolt": [1326], "Islam'.": [1328], 'Genesis,': [1330], 'p.404.': [1331], 'Domains.': [1334], 'p.165.': [1336], 'pp.154–7.': [1338], 'Development,': [1343], 'p.40.': [1344], "State'.": [1350], 'Richard': [1351, 1365, 1387], 'Tapper': [1352, 1366, 1388], 'Nancy': [1354], 'Tapper,': [1355], "'Religion,": [1356], 'Education': [1357], 'Continuity': [1359], 'Provincial': [1362], "Town',": [1363], 'I.B.': [1373, 1395], 'Tauris,': [1374, 1396], 'p.76.': [1377], 'İlter': [1378], 'Turan,': [1379, 1484], 'Culture': [1383], 'p.50.': [1398, 1489], 'Ibid.': [1399], 'Mümtaz': [1400], 'Soysal,': [1401], '100': [1402], 'Soruda': [1403], 'Anayasanın': [1404], 'Anlamı': [1405], 'Gerçek': [1407], '1974),': [1409], 'p.171.': [1410], 'Falih': [1411], 'Rıfkı': [1412], 'Atay,': [1413, 1481], 'Çankaya': [1414], '(Ankara,': [1415, 1451], 'pp.386–7.': [1417], 'Ümit': [1419], 'Cizre': [1420], 'Sakallıoğlu,': [1421], "'Parameters": [1422], 'Strategies': [1424], 'Islam-State': [1426], 'Interaction': [1427], 'Republican': [1429, 1687], 'Vol.28,': [1437], 'No.2': [1438, 1653], '(1996).': [1439], "Nation',": [1444], 'p.419.': [1445], 'p.420.': [1447], 'Faruk': [1448], 'Nafiz,': [1449], 'Kahraman': [1450], '1933),': [1452], 'pp.37–8.': [1453], 'Communities,': [1456], 'p.12.': [1457], 'Etienne': [1458], 'Copeaux,': [1459], 'Tarih': [1461, 1466, 1476], 'Tezinden': [1462], 'Türk-Islam': [1463], 'Sentezine': [1464], 'Vakfı': [1467], 'pp.93–115;': [1471], 'Büşra': [1472], 'Ersanlı,': [1473], 'İktidar': [1474], '2003).': [1480], 'Çankaya,': [1482], 'p.295.': [1483], "Culture',": [1488], 'Hülya': [1492], 'Adak,': [1493], "'National": [1494], 'Myths': [1495], 'Self-Na(rr)ations:': [1497], 'Mustafa': [1498], "Kemal's": [1499], 'Nutuk': [1500], 'Halide': [1502], "Edip's": [1503], 'Memoirs': [1504], "Ordeal',": [1508], 'South': [1509], 'Atlantic': [1510], 'Quarterly,': [1511, 1795], 'Vol.102,': [1512], 'No.2/3': [1513], '(2003),': [1514], 'pp.512–8,': [1515], 'analysis': [1518], "Atatürk's": [1520], "'prophet-like": [1521], "qualities'": [1522], 'Speech.': [1525], 'Sacred': [1529], 'Aura': [1530], "Flag'": [1534], 'No.16': [1539], '(1997),': [1540], 'p.57.': [1541], 'Michael': [1542], 'Meeker,': [1543], "'Once": [1544], 'Was,': [1546], 'Once': [1547], "Wasn't:": [1549], 'Monuments': [1551], 'Interpersonal': [1553], "Exchange',": [1554], '1997).': [1573, 1638], 'Semra': [1574], 'Somersan,': [1575], "'Yasaklı": [1576], "Şehir'": [1577], 'Radikal': [1578], 'Iki': [1579], '(Aug.1997).': [1580], 'Carol': [1581], 'Delaney,': [1582, 1855], 'Seed': [1584, 1857], 'Soil:': [1587], 'Gender': [1588, 1700], 'Cosmology': [1590], 'Village': [1593], 'p.282.': [1601], 'Vamık': [1604], 'Volkan': [1605], 'Norman': [1607], 'Itzkowitz,': [1608], 'Immortal': [1609], 'Ataturk': [1610], '1984),': [1615], 'pp.345–6.': [1616], 'Experiment': [1622], 'Democracy,': [1624], '1950–75': [1625], 'pp.41–4.': [1632], 'ATV': [1633], 'Evening': [1634], 'News': [1635], '(16': [1636], 'Dec.': [1637], 'Deniz': [1639, 1712], 'Kandiyoti,': [1640, 1713, 1770], "'Emancipated": [1641], 'but': [1642], 'Liberated?': [1644], 'Reflections': [1645], "Case'": [1649], 'Feminist': [1650], 'Vol.13,': [1652], '(1987),': [1654], "'Women": [1656], 'Actors': [1662], 'Symbolic': [1664], "Pawns?',": [1665], 'Nira': [1667], 'Yuval-Davis': [1668], 'Floya': [1670], 'Anthias': [1671], 'Woman-Nation-State': [1673], 'St.': [1676], "Martin's": [1677], 'Zehra': [1680], 'F.': [1681, 1881], 'Arat,': [1682, 1746, 1776, 1816, 1851], "'Turkish": [1683, 1747, 1777], 'Women': [1684], 'Reconstruction': [1688], "Tradition',": [1690], 'Göçek': [1694], 'Shiva': [1696], 'Balaghi': [1697], 'Reconstructing': [1699], 'Columbia': [1707], 'p.58.': [1711], "'Gendering": [1714, 1772], 'Modern:': [1716, 1803], 'On': [1717], 'Missing': [1718], 'Dimensions': [1719], 'Study': [1722, 1757], "Modernity',": [1725], 'pp.116–07;': [1745], "Women',": [1748, 1778], 'pp.59–62.': [1749], 'Henry': [1750], 'Elisha': [1751], 'Allen,': [1752], 'Transformation:': [1755], 'Religious': [1761], '1935),': [1768], 'p.6.': [1769], '1997,': [1771], "Modern',": [1774], 'p.122.': [1775], 'p.61.': [1779], 'Emelie': [1781], 'Olson,': [1783], "'Muslim": [1784], 'Turkey:': [1790], 'Headscarf': [1792, 1826], "Dispute',": [1793], 'Anthropological': [1794], 'Vol.58,': [1796], '(1985);': [1798], 'Nilüfer': [1799], 'Göle,': [1800], 'Forbidden': [1802], 'Civilization': [1804], 'Veiling': [1806], '(Ann': [1807], 'Arbor:': [1808], 'Michigan': [1812], '1996);': [1814], 'Yeşim': [1815, 1850], "'Group-Differentiated": [1817, 1852], 'Rights': [1818], 'Liberal': [1821], 'Controversy': [1827], 'No.25,': [1834], 'These': [1836], 'arguments': [1837], 'are': [1838], 'gathered': [1839], 'public': [1841], 'announcements': [1842], 'published': [1843], 'daily': [1846], 'press.': [1847], "Rights',": [1853], 'pp.38–40.': [1854], 'Soil,': [1860], 'pp.284–5.': [1861], 'A.I.': [1864], 'Sabra,': [1865], 'Appropriation': [1867], 'Subsequent': [1869], 'Naturalization': [1870], 'Greek': [1872], 'Science': [1873], 'Medieval': [1875], 'Preliminary': [1878], "Statement'": [1879], 'Jamil': [1882], 'Ragep': [1883, 1887], 'Sally': [1885], 'P.': [1886], 'Tradition,': [1889], 'Transmission,': [1890], 'Transformation': [1891], '1996).': [1895]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009390454', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T15:42:25.679761', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}