Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2009098907', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510701852962', 'title': 'INTRODUCTION: SPECIAL ISSUE ON APPLICATIONS OF GRAMMATICAL INFERENCE', 'display_name': 'INTRODUCTION: SPECIAL ISSUE ON APPLICATIONS OF GRAMMATICAL INFERENCE', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-02-06', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2009098907', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510701852962', 'mag': '2009098907'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510701852962', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839510701852962?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125501549', 'display_name': 'Applied Artificial Intelligence', 'issn_l': '0883-9514', 'issn': ['0883-9514', '1087-6545'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839510701852962?needAccess=true', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036569886', 'display_name': 'Colin de la Higuera', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Colin de la Higuera', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Université de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Université de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France#TAB#', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5114778025', 'display_name': 'Tim Oates', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-747X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126744593', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, Baltimore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04rq5mt64', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126744593']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tim Oates', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Maryland—Baltimore, Maryland, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Maryland—Baltimore, Maryland, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126744593']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086662281', 'display_name': 'Menno van Zaanen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-2444'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99043593', 'display_name': 'Macquarie University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01sf06y89', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I99043593']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Menno van Zaanen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Macquarie Univ., North Ryde, NSW, , Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Macquarie Univ., North Ryde, NSW, , Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99043593']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2195, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2195, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.838, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 7, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.832941, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': '22', 'issue': '1-2', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '3'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10181', 'display_name': 'Natural Language Processing Techniques', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10181', 'display_name': 'Natural Language Processing Techniques', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12072', 'display_name': 'Machine Learning and Algorithms', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-induction', 'display_name': 'Grammar induction', 'score': 0.5431032}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9102353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776214188', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386', 'display_name': 'Inference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7246878}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56601403', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593673', 'display_name': 'Grammar induction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5431032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.52753496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204321447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642', 'display_name': 'Natural language processing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51887566}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3202406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53893814', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909', 'display_name': 'Rule-based machine translation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.08125302}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510701852962', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839510701852962?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125501549', 'display_name': 'Applied Artificial Intelligence', 'issn_l': '0883-9514', 'issn': ['0883-9514', '1087-6545'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-00323305', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00323305', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510701852962', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839510701852962?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125501549', 'display_name': 'Applied Artificial Intelligence', 'issn_l': '0883-9514', 'issn': ['0883-9514', '1087-6545'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'display_name': 'Quality education', 'score': 0.62}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 1, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1969005071'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386462264', 'https://openalex.org/W4313488044', 'https://openalex.org/W4312192474', 'https://openalex.org/W4306674287', 'https://openalex.org/W4210805261', 'https://openalex.org/W3209574120', 'https://openalex.org/W3170094116', 'https://openalex.org/W3107602296', 'https://openalex.org/W3046775127', 'https://openalex.org/W2961085424'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009098907', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T15:34:54.973146', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}