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[244, 318], 'strokes);': [245], 'if': [246, 480, 535], 'less': [247, 257, 536, 656], 'people': [248, 258, 537, 547], 'having': [250, 539], 'first': [254, 543], 'place,': [255, 544], 'will': [259, 494], 'die': [260], 'as': [263, 308, 372, 580, 790, 1258, 1709], 'well.': [264], 'Finally,': [265, 445], 'may': [268, 383, 450, 466, 921], 'notable': [273], 'advances': [274], 'secondary': [276, 1174], 'prevention': [277, 1491, 1498, 1560, 1618, 2346], 'past': [280], '2': [281], 'decades,6–9': [282], 'which': [284, 994], 'case': [285, 664, 759, 808, 829, 908, 1165], 'recurrence': [290, 836], 'should': [291], 'seen.': [293], 'recurrent': [296, 849, 2041], 'events': [298, 952, 1007, 1253], 'not': [300, 1218, 1286, 1973, 2071], 'necessarily': [301, 1287], 'detected': [302], 'studies': [304, 677, 767, 794, 803, 825, 859], 'incidence,': [307, 758, 1162, 1682, 1831, 1932], 'typical': [310], 'convention': [311], 'limit': [314], 'events.10,11Overall': [319], 'rates': [322, 493, 787, 1137, 1159, 1898], 'profoundly': [326], 'affected': [327], 'by': [328, 407, 603, 1017, 1267, 1307, 2073], 'biases': [329], 'confounders': [331], 'their': [334, 553, 601, 607, 944, 1259], 'measurement.': [335], 'Most': [336], 'evaluations': [337], 'use': [341, 647], 'certificate': [343, 428], 'data.': [344, 891], 'Physicians': [345], 'who': [346], 'fill': [347], 'out': [348], 'certificates': [350, 1732], 'minimal': [352], 'training': [353], 'regarding': [354, 747, 1171], 'documentation': [356], 'appropriate': [359, 1242], 'death.': [362, 1091], 'particularly': [365], 'susceptible': [366], 'these': [368, 400, 414, 676, 696, 1014, 1057, 1117], 'kinds': [369, 697], 'errors,': [371], 'due': [374], 'aspiration': [376], 'pneumonia,': [377], 'or': [378, 545, 763, 778, 968, 1064, 1292, 1625], 'sepsis': [379], 'skin': [381], 'breakdown,': [382], 'many': [385, 1036], 'months': [386], 'later': [387], 'but': [388, 1145, 1899, 1972], 'still': [390], 'primarily': [391, 1202], 'disability': [394], 'event.12,13': [398], 'Moreover,': [399], 'causes': [401], 'subsequently': [405], 'coded': [406], 'nonmedical': [408, 604], 'personnel,': [409], 'definitions': [412, 847], 'codes': [415], 'vague': [417], 'changed': [420], 'over': [421, 452, 719, 799], 'years.': [423], 'The': [424, 1665, 2324], 'sensitivity': [425], 'data': [429, 561, 573, 599, 621, 646, 1472], 'detecting': [431], 'deaths': [433, 939, 956, 962, 1009, 1112], 'only': [435, 619, 1001], 'about': [436], '50%,': [437], 'when': [438], 'compared': [439, 980], 'with': [440, 588, 700, 981, 1623], 'physician': [441, 1032], 'medical': [442, 648], 'record': [443], 'adjudication.14': [444], 'methods': [446, 997], 'diagnosis': [449], 'change': [451], 'years,': [454], 'introducing': [455], 'detection': [456], 'bias.': [457], 'Better': [458], 'understanding': [459], 'disease': [461, 1376, 2243], 'states': [462], 'newer': [464], 'technologies': [465], 'influence': [467], 'classification': [469], 'an': [471, 1068, 1096, 2207], 'event': [472], 'given': [475], 'time': [476, 567], 'period.': [477], 'begin': [482], 'diagnose': [484], 'more': [485, 546, 838, 1080], 'strokes': [486, 540, 633, 1087], 'mild': [488], 'severity,': [489, 1935], 'seem': [495], 'decline.If': [497], 'truly': [502, 739], 'declining': [503, 770, 797, 1205], '(which': [504], 'field': [508], 'believe': [509, 784, 1182], 'substantiated': [512], 'phenomenon': [513], 'despite': [514, 1184], 'reservations': [516], 'listed': [517], 'above),': [518], 'what': [520], 'best': [523], 'way': [524], 'determine': [526, 534], 'why?': [530], 'How': [531], 'do': [532], 'surviving': [549], 'longer': [551], 'strokes?': [554], 'To': [555], 'answer': [556], 'question,': [558], 'require': [560], 'spanning': [562], 'substantial': [564], 'stable': [570, 709, 777, 807], 'population.': [571], 'Administrative': [572], 'lend': [574], 'themselves': [575], 'well': [576, 1146], 'issue': [579, 871, 1301], 'they': [581, 899], 'capture': [582, 620], 'large': [583], 'numbers': [584], 'cases': [586, 640, 936, 1038, 1058, 1073], 'often': [587], 'both': [589, 670, 735, 881, 933], 'demographic': [590], 'geographic': [592, 1839], 'diversity.': [593], 'However,': [594, 675, 1208], 'potential': [595], 'drawbacks': [596], 'administrative': [598, 617, 727, 890, 1123], 'include': [600, 932], 'coding': [602], 'personnel': [605], 'limited': [608], 'accuracy': [609], 'identifying': [611], 'cases.': [613, 674], 'addition,': [615], 'databases': [618, 1124], 'setting': [624, 2209], 'hospitalization,': [626], 'know': [629], 'nonhospitalized,': [631], 'nonfatal': [632], 'represent': [634], 'up': [635], '10%': [637], 'United': [643], 'States.15': [644], 'Population-based': [645], 'professional': [649], 'review': [650], 'patient': [652], 'charts,': [653], 'therefore': [655], 'likely': [657, 1081, 1109, 1231, 1255], 'errors': [660], 'case/not': [662], 'ascertainment,': [665], 'potentially': [668], 'evaluate': [669, 877], 'inpatient': [671, 1414], 'out-of-hospital': [673], 'labor-': [679], 'time-intensive': [681], 'cannot': [683], 'possibly': [684], 'done': [686], 'on': [687, 1527, 1531, 1542, 1549, 1598, 1602, 1608, 1757], 'nationwide': [689], 'scale.': [690], 'Therefore,': [691], 'sampling': [692, 1027], 'required': [694, 713], 'studies,': [699], 'extrapolation': [701], 'results': [704], 'larger': [706, 792], 'populations.': [707], 'Additionally,': [708, 1092, 1244], 'funding': [710], 'sources': [711], 'reevaluate': [715], 'same': [717], 'population': [718], 'time.': [720], 'Given': [721, 1034], 'strengths': [723], 'weaknesses': [725], 'population-based': [729, 793, 996, 1977], 'data,': [730], 'it': [731, 1108], 'clear': [733], 'needed': [737], 'understand': [740], "public's": [742], 'health.The': [743], 'literature': [744], 'mixed': [746], 'whether': [748], 'owing': [755, 842, 1203], 'fatality,': [760, 809, 1166], 'recurrence,': [762, 1163], 'all': [764, 949, 1019, 2316], '3.': [765], 'Several': [766], 'reported': [769, 776, 796, 805], 'incidence,10,16': [771], 'whereas': [772, 810], 'few': [774], 'increasing': [779, 1235], 'incidence.17,18': [780], 'We': [781, 917, 1181], 'tend': [782], 'declined,': [789], 'time.11,19–21': [800], 'Similarly,': [801], 'several': [802, 1111], 'others': [811], 'noted': [813], 'small': [814], 'declines.19,20': [815], 'On': [816], 'basis': [818], 'review,': [821, 1000], 'majority': [823, 856], 'favor': [826], 'stability': [827], 'fatality': [830, 909], 'rates.': [831], 'Temporal': [832], 'trends': [833, 879, 1659, 1687, 1829, 1981], 'challenging': [839], 'summarize,': [841], 'variations': [844], 'events.22': [850], 'Of': [851], 'note,': [852], 'however,': [853], 'far': [855], 'epidemiological': [858], 'published': [860], 'English': [862], 'well-developed': [865], 'countries': [866, 1216, 1229], 'white': [868], 'populations.In': [869], 'Stroke,': [873], 'Vaartjes': [874, 1308, 2054], 'et': [875, 1309, 1364, 1519, 1590, 1656, 1754, 1797, 1826, 1893, 1924, 1964, 2007], 'al23': [876], 'temporal': [878, 1980], 'Netherlands': [888], 'using': [889, 1714, 2249], 'contrary': [893], 'much': [895, 1079], 'literature,': [898], 'conclude': [900], 'slightly': [905], 'increasing,': [906], 'dramatically': [911], 'decreasing': [912, 1969], '1997': [914], '2005.': [916], 'speculate': [918], 'methodology.': [925], 'Although': [926], 'authors': [928, 1094], 'commendably': [929], 'attempted': [930], 'hospitalized': [934], 'never': [942, 1012], 'hospitalized,': [943], 'finding': [945], '23%': [947], 'incident': [950, 1004], 'ischemic': [954, 1005, 1069, 1086, 1401, 1627, 2067, 2348], 'occurred': [958], 'without': [959], 'hospitalization': [960], 'at': [963, 974, 1076], 'home,': [964], 'nursing': [966, 1029], 'homes,': [967], 'ambulance': [971], 'before': [972], 'arrival': [973], 'hospital)': [976], 'seems': [977], 'extraordinarily': [978], 'high': [979], 'prior': [982], 'studies.': [983], 'Greater': [988, 1987], 'Cincinnati': [989], 'Northern': [990], 'Kentucky': [991, 1989], 'Study,': [993, 2173], 'used': [995, 1095], 'chart': [999], '0.1%': [1002], 'hospitalized;': [1013], 'ascertained': [1016], 'monitoring': [1018], "region's": [1022], "coroners'": [1023], 'offices': [1024], 'homes': [1030], 'offices.20': [1033], 'so': [1035], 'nonhospitalized': [1037], 'current': [1041, 1130, 1186], 'analysis,': [1042], 'there': [1043], 'concern': [1045], 'significant': [1048], 'rate': [1049], 'misclassification': [1051], 'subtype.': [1054], 'Many': [1055], 'unlikely': [1060], 'autopsies': [1063], 'imaging': [1065], 'verify': [1067], 'stroke.': [1070], 'found': [1074], 'dead': [1075], 'home': [1077], 'hemorrhagic': [1084, 1105], 'strokes;': [1085], 'rarely': [1088], 'sudden': [1090], 'International': [1097], 'Classification': [1098], 'Diseases-10': [1100], 'code': [1101], '(I64)': [1102], 'includes': [1104], 'strokes,': [1106], 'making': [1107], 'erroneously': [1114], 'included.': [1115], 'other': [1120], 'limitations': [1121], 'discussed': [1125], 'previously,': [1126], 'question': [1128], 'findings.Detangling': [1131], 'mystery': [1133], 'falling': [1136], 'daunting': [1143], 'task,': [1144], 'worth': [1147], 'effort.': [1149], 'It': [1150], 'crucial': [1152], 'us': [1154], 'accurately': [1156], 'measure': [1157], 'identify': [1168, 2200], 'priorities': [1170], 'prevention,': [1173, 1175], 'treatment': [1177, 2344], 'future.': [1180], 'that,': [1183], 'findings,': [1187], 'weight': [1189], 'evidence': [1192, 2043], 'suggests': [1193], 'has': [1197], 'decades': [1201], 'incidence.': [1207], 'developed': [1215, 1246], 'does': [1217], 'imply': [1219], 'worldwide.': [1224], 'developing': [1228], 'sharply': [1234], 'requires': [1237], 'further': [1238], 'study': [1239, 1734], 'plan': [1241], 'interventions.24': [1243], 'countries,': [1247], 'total': [1249], 'number': [1250], 'climb': [1257], 'populations': [1260], 'age.Sources': [1261], 'FundingThis': [1263], 'work': [1264], 'supported': [1266], 'National': [1268], 'Institutes': [1269], 'Health/National': [1271], 'Institute': [1272], 'Neurological': [1274], 'Disorders': [1275], '(R01': [1278], 'NS030678).DisclosuresNone.FootnotesThe': [1279], 'opinions': [1280], 'expressed': [1281], 'article': [1284, 1306], 'those': [1288], 'editors': [1291], 'American': [1295, 1366, 1385, 1521, 1570, 1592, 1636, 2370], 'Heart': [1296, 1367, 1375, 1386, 1522, 1571, 1593, 1637, 2371], 'Association.Please': [1297], 'see': [1298], 'last': [1299], "month's": [1300], 'al': [1310], '(Stroke.': [1311], '2013;44:591–597).Correspondence': [1312], '260': [1324], 'Stetson': [1325], 'St,': [1326], 'Ste': [1327], '2300,': [1328], 'ML': [1329], '0525,': [1330], 'OH': [1332], '45267-0525.': [1333], 'E-mail': [1334], '[email': [1335], 'protected]References1.': [1336], 'CDC.': [1337], 'Ten': [1338], 'Great': [1339], 'Public': [1340], 'Health': [1341, 1737], 'Achievements—United': [1342], 'States,': [1343], '1900–1999.MMWR': [1344], 'Morb': [1345], 'Mortal': [1346], 'Wkly': [1347], 'Rep.': [1348, 1738], '1999;': [1349], 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[1413], '(stroke': [1415], 'unit)': [1416], 'stroke.Cochrane': [1419], 'Database': [1420], 'Syst': [1421], 'Rev.': [1422], '2007;': [1423], '4.CrossrefGoogle': [1424], 'Scholar5.': [1425], 'Management': [1426], 'Rehabilitation.': [1429], 'VA/DOD': [1430], 'clinical': [1431], 'practice': [1432], 'guideline': [1433, 1564, 1630], 'management': [1436], 'rehabilitation.J': [1439], 'Rehabil': [1440], 'Res': [1441], 'Dev.': [1442], '2010;': [1443, 1992], '47:1–43.Google': [1444], 'Scholar6.': [1445], 'Lewington': [1446], 'S,': [1447, 1518, 2059, 2082, 2280], 'Clarke': [1448], 'R,': [1449, 1453, 1749, 1794, 2221, 2269], 'Qizilbash': [1450], 'N,': [1451], 'Peto': [1452], 'Collins': [1454], 'R;': [1455], 'Prospective': [1456], 'Studies': [1457], 'Age-specific': [1459], 'relevance': [1460], 'usual': [1462], 'blood': [1463], 'pressure': [1464], 'vascular': [1466], 'mortality:': [1467, 2091], 'meta-analysis': [1469], 'individual': [1471], 'million': [1475], 'adults': [1476], '61': [1478], 'prospective': [1479], 'studies.Lancet.': [1480], '2002;': [1481], '360:1903–1913.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1482], 'Scholar7.': [1483], 'SPAF': [1484], 'II': [1485, 1502], 'Investigators.': [1486], 'Warfarin': [1487], 'versus': [1488], 'aspirin': [1489], 'thromboembolism': [1493], 'atrial': [1495, 1500], 'fibrillation:': [1496], 'fibrillation': [1501], 'study.Lancet.': [1503], '1994;': [1504, 1853], '343:687–691.MedlineGoogle': [1505], 'Scholar8.': [1506], 'Goldstein': [1507], 'LB,': [1508, 1726], 'Bushnell': [1509], 'CD,': [1510], 'Adams': [1511, 1582], 'RJ,': [1512, 1583], 'Appel': [1513], 'LJ,': [1514], 'Braun': [1515], 'LT,': [1516], 'Chaturvedi': [1517], 'Council;': [1525], 'Council': [1526, 1530, 1535, 1541, 1548, 1597, 1601, 1607], 'Cardiovascular': [1528, 1599], 'Nursing;': [1529], 'Epidemiology': [1532], 'Prevention;': [1534], 'High': [1537], 'Blood': [1538], 'Pressure': [1539], 'Research,': [1540], 'Peripheral': [1543], 'Vascular': [1544, 1927, 1947, 2255], 'Disease,': [1545], 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