Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2006346493', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/200051', 'title': 'Painted Slabs from Steenbokfontein Cave: The Oldest Known Parietal Art in Southern Africa', 'display_name': 'Painted Slabs from Steenbokfontein Cave: The Oldest Known Parietal Art in Southern Africa', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2006346493', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/200051', 'mag': '2006346493'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/200051', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S165709033', 'display_name': 'Current Anthropology', 'issn_l': '0011-3204', 'issn': ['0011-3204', '1537-5382'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015991776', 'display_name': 'Antonieta Jerardino', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-7718'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I70983195', 'display_name': 'Syracuse University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025r5qe02', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I70983195']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157614274', 'display_name': 'University of Cape Town', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03p74gp79', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157614274']}], 'countries': ['US', 'ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Antonieta Jerardino', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa/209 Maxwell Hall, Anthropology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y. 13244‐1090, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa/209 Maxwell Hall, Anthropology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y. 13244‐1090, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I70983195', 'https://openalex.org/I157614274']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028743973', 'display_name': 'Natalie Swanepoel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I70983195', 'display_name': 'Syracuse University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/025r5qe02', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I70983195']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157614274', 'display_name': 'University of Cape Town', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03p74gp79', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157614274']}], 'countries': ['US', 'ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Natalie Swanepoel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa/209 Maxwell Hall, Anthropology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y. 13244‐1090, U.S.A.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa/209 Maxwell Hall, Anthropology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y. 13244‐1090, U.S.A.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I70983195', 'https://openalex.org/I157614274']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.545, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 31, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.960106, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '40', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '542', 'last_page': '547'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13256', 'display_name': 'Archaeology and Rock Art Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3302', 'display_name': 'Archeology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13256', 'display_name': 'Archaeology and Rock Art Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3302', 'display_name': 'Archeology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10421', 'display_name': 'Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3314', 'display_name': 'Anthropology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10087', 'display_name': 'Archaeology and ancient environmental studies', 'score': 0.9945, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1911', 'display_name': 'Paleontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cape', 'display_name': 'Cape', 'score': 0.5988069}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-art', 'display_name': 'Rock Art', 'score': 0.54877293}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-coast', 'display_name': 'Gold coast', 'score': 0.42603403}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6071656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777628658', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034198', 'display_name': 'Cape', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5988069}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776381685', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211146', 'display_name': 'Rock art', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54877293}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171878925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35509', 'display_name': 'Cave', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5022452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31858485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782', 'display_name': 'Excavation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45020643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992580947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230635', 'display_name': 'Gold coast', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42603403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3138168}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/200051', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S165709033', 'display_name': 'Current Anthropology', 'issn_l': '0011-3204', 'issn': ['0011-3204', '1537-5382'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.76, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'display_name': 'Life below water'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 79, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W109130472', 'https://openalex.org/W127083178', 'https://openalex.org/W1541904473', 'https://openalex.org/W1593372143', 'https://openalex.org/W1676452177', 'https://openalex.org/W1676659401', 'https://openalex.org/W177748156', 'https://openalex.org/W1969833346', 'https://openalex.org/W1972476693', 'https://openalex.org/W1975793786', 'https://openalex.org/W1982260345', 'https://openalex.org/W1984288923', 'https://openalex.org/W1988756344', 'https://openalex.org/W1989609040', 'https://openalex.org/W1990104053', 'https://openalex.org/W1996083368', 'https://openalex.org/W1996810692', 'https://openalex.org/W2013283872', 'https://openalex.org/W2016501962', 'https://openalex.org/W2028159370', 'https://openalex.org/W2038163302', 'https://openalex.org/W2038962211', 'https://openalex.org/W2040892265', 'https://openalex.org/W2042253524', 'https://openalex.org/W2042569330', 'https://openalex.org/W2044844121', 'https://openalex.org/W2048807520', 'https://openalex.org/W2049294713', 'https://openalex.org/W2051767399', 'https://openalex.org/W2052950994', 'https://openalex.org/W2053032261', 'https://openalex.org/W2054670512', 'https://openalex.org/W2067258086', 'https://openalex.org/W2072670970', 'https://openalex.org/W2073613617', 'https://openalex.org/W2075122807', 'https://openalex.org/W2076842873', 'https://openalex.org/W2079773979', 'https://openalex.org/W2082460564', 'https://openalex.org/W2082803195', 'https://openalex.org/W2085326736', 'https://openalex.org/W2085748303', 'https://openalex.org/W2086699821', 'https://openalex.org/W2087418668', 'https://openalex.org/W2090145639', 'https://openalex.org/W2098790137', 'https://openalex.org/W2104001708', 'https://openalex.org/W2112688502', 'https://openalex.org/W2115573130', 'https://openalex.org/W2116502866', 'https://openalex.org/W2125932725', 'https://openalex.org/W2133740858', 'https://openalex.org/W2140851852', 'https://openalex.org/W2143525367', 'https://openalex.org/W2155281237', 'https://openalex.org/W2165858330', 'https://openalex.org/W2169270953', 'https://openalex.org/W2170737228', 'https://openalex.org/W2184266025', 'https://openalex.org/W2205992451', 'https://openalex.org/W2256793384', 'https://openalex.org/W2271969982', 'https://openalex.org/W2321658797', 'https://openalex.org/W2329034085', 'https://openalex.org/W2337029493', 'https://openalex.org/W2406211572', 'https://openalex.org/W2408416058', 'https://openalex.org/W2410448212', 'https://openalex.org/W2412650617', 'https://openalex.org/W2413924168', 'https://openalex.org/W2463620408', 'https://openalex.org/W2465345709', 'https://openalex.org/W2795823804', 'https://openalex.org/W2795890554', 'https://openalex.org/W2799614881', 'https://openalex.org/W2800148544', 'https://openalex.org/W2801666235', 'https://openalex.org/W3115048939', 'https://openalex.org/W4296215171'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W609066763', 'https://openalex.org/W4251985815', 'https://openalex.org/W3142762518', 'https://openalex.org/W2901299260', 'https://openalex.org/W2247138541', 'https://openalex.org/W2188726033', 'https://openalex.org/W2166710383', 'https://openalex.org/W1999816033', 'https://openalex.org/W1909979144', 'https://openalex.org/W1001879854'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessReportPainted': [4], 'Slabs': [5], 'from': [6, 138, 214, 251, 311, 342, 376, 530, 570], 'Steenbokfontein': [7, 571], 'Cave:': [8], 'The': [9, 144, 285, 336, 419, 494], 'Oldest': [10], 'Known': [11], 'Parietal': [12], 'Art': [13], 'in': [14, 191, 278, 360, 451, 544, 556, 565], 'Southern': [15], 'Africa1Antonieta': [16], 'Jerardino': [17, 202, 268, 296, 355, 554], 'and': [18, 50, 180, 205, 236, 248, 289, 301, 358, 370, 405, 423, 503, 560], 'Natalie': [19, 51], 'Swanepoel': [20], 'Antonieta': [21], 'JerardinoDepartment': [22], 'of': [23, 26, 53, 56, 81, 84, 219, 223, 240, 245, 261, 275, 281, 287, 304, 315, 365, 380, 416, 421, 507, 511, 515, 525, 563], 'Archaeology,': [24, 54, 82], 'University': [25, 55, 83], 'Cape': [27, 57, 85], 'Town,': [28, 58, 86], 'Rondebosch': [29, 59, 87], '7701,': [30, 60, 88], 'South': [31, 61, 89, 220, 258, 276, 316, 381, 417, 501, 567], 'Africa/209': [32, 62, 90], 'Maxwell': [33, 63, 91], 'Hall,': [34, 64, 92], 'Anthropology': [35, 65, 93, 112], 'Department,': [36, 66, 94], 'Syracuse': [37, 67, 95], 'University,': [38, 68, 96], 'Syracuse,': [39, 69, 97], 'N.Y.': [40, 70, 98], '13244‐1090,': [41, 71, 99], 'U.S.A.': [42, 72], 'Search': [43, 73], 'for': [44, 74, 123, 147, 446], 'more': [45, 75], 'articles': [46, 76, 158], 'by': [47, 77, 110, 119, 143], 'this': [48, 78, 132, 160], 'author': [49, 79], 'SwanepoelDepartment': [52], 'Department': [80], 'U.S.A.PDFPDF': [100], 'PLUS': [101], 'Add': [102], 'to': [103, 183, 256], 'favoritesDownload': [104], 'CitationTrack': [105], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [106], 'Share': [107], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [108], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [109], 'Current': [111], 'Volume': [113], '40,': [114], 'Number': [115], '4August/October': [116], '1999': [117, 142], 'Sponsored': [118], 'the': [120, 156, 210, 215, 246, 272, 279, 302, 312, 377, 413, 512, 561], 'Wenner-Gren': [121], 'Foundation': [122, 146], 'Anthropological': [124, 148, 224], 'Research': [125], 'Article': [126], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/200051': [127], 'Views:': [128], '64Total': [129], 'views': [130], 'on': [131, 271, 412], 'site': [133], 'Citations:': [134], '14Citations': [135], 'are': [136], 'reported': [137], 'Crossref': [139, 154], 'History': [140], '©': [141], 'Wenner‐Gren': [145], 'Research.': [149], 'All': [150], 'rights': [151], 'reservedPDF': [152], 'download': [153], 'reports': [155], 'following': [157], 'citing': [159], 'article:D.': [161], 'Colarossi,': [162], 'H.': [163], 'Fewlass,': [164], 'M.C.': [165], 'Stahlschmidt,': [166], 'D.': [167], 'Presnyakova,': [168], 'J.': [169], 'Matembo,': [170], 'M.': [171, 398], 'Hein,': [172], 'S.': [173], 'Talamo,': [174], 'W.': [175], 'Archer': [176], 'A': [177, 308, 373, 439], 'targeted': [178], 'drilling': [179], 'dating': [181], 'campaign': [182], 'identify': [184], 'Stone': [185, 498], 'Age': [186, 499], 'archaeological': [187], 'sites': [188], 'before': [189], 'excavation': [190], 'west': [192, 217], 'coast': [193, 218], 'southern': [194, 241, 343, 532, 545], 'Africa,': [195, 221, 317, 382, 418, 502, 533, 546], 'Quaternary': [196, 383], 'Geochronology': [197], '71': [198], '(Aug': [199], '2022):': [200], '101314.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101314Antonieta': [201], 'Coastal': [203, 269, 290, 424], 'foraging': [204, 270], 'transgressive': [206], 'sea': [207], 'levels': [208], 'during': [209], 'terminal': [211], 'Pleistocene:': [212], 'Insights': [213], 'central': [216], 'Journal': [222, 260, 286, 420], 'Archaeology': [225, 291, 425], '64': [226], '(Dec': [227, 265], '2021):': [228, 266, 294], '101351.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2021.101351D.': [229], 'Stratford,': [230], 'K.': [231], 'Braun,': [232], 'P.': [233, 490], 'Morrissey': [234], 'Cave': [235], 'rock': [237, 340], 'shelter': [238], 'sediments': [239], 'Africa:': [242, 344, 568], 'a': [243, 409, 463, 526], 'review': [244], 'chronostratigraphic': [247], 'palaeoenvironmental': [249, 366], 'record': [250], 'Marine': [252], 'Isotope': [253], 'Stage': [254], '6': [255], '1,': [257], 'African': [259], 'Geology': [262], '124,': [263], 'no.44': [264], '879–914.https://doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0052Antonieta': [267], 'West': [273, 313, 378, 414], 'Coast': [274, 314, 379, 415], 'Africa': [277], 'midst': [280], 'mid-Holocene': [282], 'climate': [283], 'change,': [284], 'Island': [288, 422], '10': [292], '(Apr': [293, 352], '1–22.https://doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2021.1893869Antonieta': [295], 'Shell': [297], 'Fragmentation': [298], 'Beyond': [299], 'Screen-Size': [300], 'Reconstruction': [303], 'Intra-Site': [305], 'Settlement': [306], 'Patterns:': [307], 'Case': [309], 'Study': [310], '(Nov': [318], '2017):': [319, 353, 387], '151–171.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64763-0_8Adelphine': [320], 'Bonneau,': [321, 431], 'David': [322, 396, 482], 'Pearce,': [323, 438], 'Peter': [324], 'Mitchell,': [325], 'Richard': [326], 'Staff,': [327], 'Charles': [328], 'Arthur,': [329], 'Lara': [330], 'Mallen,': [331], 'Fiona': [332], 'Brock,': [333, 433], 'Tom': [334], 'Higham': [335], 'earliest': [337], 'directly': [338], 'dated': [339], 'paintings': [341], 'new': [345], 'AMS': [346], 'radiocarbon': [347], 'dates,': [348], 'Antiquity': [349, 573], '91,': [350], 'no.356356': [351], '322–333.https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.271Antonieta': [354], 'Water-worn': [356], 'shell': [357, 361], 'pebbles': [359], 'middens': [362], 'as': [363], 'proxies': [364], 'reconstruction,': [367], 'shellfish': [368], 'procurement': [369], 'their': [371], 'transport:': [372], 'case': [374], 'study': [375], 'International': [384, 468], '427': [385], '(Jan': [386, 538, 551, 576], '103–114.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.06.057Antonieta': [388], 'Jerardino,': [389], 'Nicolas': [390], 'Wiltshire,': [391], 'Lita': [392], 'Webley,': [393], 'Madelon': [394], 'Tusenius,': [395], 'Halkett,': [397, 483], 'Timm': [399], 'Hoffman,': [400], 'Tim': [401], 'Maggs': [402], 'Site': [403], 'Distribution': [404], 'Chronology': [406], 'at': [407], 'Soutpansklipheuwel,': [408], 'Rocky': [410], 'Outcrop': [411], '9,': [426], 'no.11': [427, 537, 550], '(Mar': [428, 519], '2014):': [429], '88–110.https://doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2013.840872A': [430], 'F': [432], 'T': [434], 'Higham,': [435], 'D': [436], 'G': [437], 'M': [440], 'Pollard': [441], 'An': [442], 'Improved': [443], 'Pretreatment': [444], 'Protocol': [445], 'Radiocarbon': [447, 455], 'Dating': [448], 'Black': [449], 'Pigments': [450], 'San': [452], 'Rock': [453], 'Art,': [454], '53,': [456], 'no.33': [457, 472], '(Jul': [458, 473], '2016):': [459, 474], '419–428.https://doi.org/10.1017/S003382220003455XLyombe': [460], 'Eko': [461], "It's": [462], 'Political': [464], 'Jungle': [465], 'Out': [466], 'There,': [467], 'Communication': [469], 'Gazette': [470], '69,': [471], '219–238.https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048507076577Richard': [475], 'G.': [476], 'Klein,': [477], 'Graham': [478], 'Avery,': [479], 'Kathryn': [480], 'Cruz-Uribe,': [481], 'John': [484], 'E.': [485], 'Parkington,': [486], 'Teresa': [487], 'Steele,': [488], 'Thomas': [489], 'Volman,': [491], 'Royden': [492], 'Yates': [493], 'Ysterfontein': [495], '1': [496], 'Middle': [497], 'site,': [500], 'early': [504], 'human': [505], 'exploitation': [506], 'coastal': [508], 'resources,': [509], 'Proceedings': [510], 'National': [513], 'Academy': [514], 'Sciences': [516], '101,': [517], 'no.1616': [518], '2004):': [520], '5708–5715.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400528101Sven': [521], 'Ouzman': [522], 'Indigenous': [523], 'images': [524], 'colonial': [527], 'exotic:': [528], 'imaginings': [529], 'Bushman': [531], 'Before': [534, 547], 'Farming': [535, 548], '2003,': [536], '2003):': [539], '1–22.https://doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2003.1.6Peter': [540], 'Mitchell': [541], 'Hunter-gatherer': [542], 'archaeology': [543], '2002,': [549], '2002):': [552], '1–36.https://doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2002.1.3Antonieta': [553], 'Diversity': [555], 'mastic-mounted': [557], 'stone': [558], 'adzes': [559], 'use': [562], 'mastic': [564], 'precolonial': [566], 'evidence': [569], 'Cave,': [572], '75,': [574], 'no.290290': [575], '2015):': [577], '859–866.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00089432': [578]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006346493', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T01:29:44.366118', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}