Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2005386437', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(93)90125-y', 'title': 'Estimation of nasal epithelial lining fluid using urea as a marker', 'display_name': 'Estimation of nasal epithelial lining fluid using urea as a marker', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2005386437', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(93)90125-y', 'mag': '2005386437', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8360397'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(93)90125-y', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108525051', 'display_name': 'Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology', 'issn_l': '0091-6749', 'issn': ['0091-6749', '1085-8725', '1097-6825'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001302828', 'display_name': 'Helen C. Kaulbach', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043z4tv69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H KAULBACH', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049347761', 'display_name': 'Martha V. White', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043z4tv69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M WHITE', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078926766', 'display_name': 'Yasumi Igarashi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043z4tv69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Y IGARASHI', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043461622', 'display_name': 'Beatrice H. Hahn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-9887'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043z4tv69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B HAHN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016188185', 'display_name': 'Michael Kaliner', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043z4tv69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210134534']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M KALINER', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210134534', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llC205, Bethesda, MD 20892. WI47373', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4000, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4000, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.661, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 71, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.835456, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '92', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '457', 'last_page': '465'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10877', 'display_name': 'Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2723', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Allergy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10877', 'display_name': 'Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2723', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Allergy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10051', 'display_name': 'Asthma', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10971', 'display_name': 'Olfactory Dysfunction in Health and Disease', 'score': 0.9936, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2809', 'display_name': 'Sensory Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nostril', 'display_name': 'Nostril', 'score': 0.64917123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-receptors', 'display_name': 'Olfactory Receptors', 'score': 0.445129}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780365088', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318', 'display_name': 'Urea', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.81519663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779789940', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858590', 'display_name': 'Nostril', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.64917123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5720974}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C534529494', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891', 'display_name': 'Respiratory system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4987862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120882062', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352', 'display_name': 'Permeability (electromagnetism)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41242084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.390398}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3814459}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3182871}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28220528}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19222167}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18758366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778311950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363', 'display_name': 'Nose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18436506}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001826', 'descriptor_name': 'Body Fluids', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009297', 'descriptor_name': 'Nasal Mucosa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014508', 'descriptor_name': 'Urea', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001826', 'descriptor_name': 'Body Fluids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004848', 'descriptor_name': 'Epithelium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004848', 'descriptor_name': 'Epithelium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009297', 'descriptor_name': 'Nasal Mucosa', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011506', 'descriptor_name': 'Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011506', 'descriptor_name': 'Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007507', 'descriptor_name': 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014508', 'descriptor_name': 'Urea', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014508', 'descriptor_name': 'Urea', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(93)90125-y', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108525051', 'display_name': 'Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology', 'issn_l': '0091-6749', 'issn': ['0091-6749', '1085-8725', '1097-6825'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8360397', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1748543015', 'https://openalex.org/W1792712265', 'https://openalex.org/W1852846816', 'https://openalex.org/W1853255714', 'https://openalex.org/W1919729533', 'https://openalex.org/W1920469711', 'https://openalex.org/W1966696162', 'https://openalex.org/W1988624661', 'https://openalex.org/W199546825', 'https://openalex.org/W1996057492', 'https://openalex.org/W2001936357', 'https://openalex.org/W2014658578', 'https://openalex.org/W2015896905', 'https://openalex.org/W2018645368', 'https://openalex.org/W2020865318', 'https://openalex.org/W2027971761', 'https://openalex.org/W2042230313', 'https://openalex.org/W2053521854', 'https://openalex.org/W2088317121', 'https://openalex.org/W2091170622', 'https://openalex.org/W2125324814', 'https://openalex.org/W2129707656', 'https://openalex.org/W2141710896', 'https://openalex.org/W2151472295', 'https://openalex.org/W2222634955', 'https://openalex.org/W2275545763', 'https://openalex.org/W2304609717', 'https://openalex.org/W2340186596', 'https://openalex.org/W2340451200', 'https://openalex.org/W2399826776', 'https://openalex.org/W2408211697', 'https://openalex.org/W2409726975', 'https://openalex.org/W2419013008', 'https://openalex.org/W595802980'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3158588129', 'https://openalex.org/W2768482053', 'https://openalex.org/W2402589270', 'https://openalex.org/W2167121307', 'https://openalex.org/W2081406410', 'https://openalex.org/W2077716144', 'https://openalex.org/W2064796475', 'https://openalex.org/W2000046325', 'https://openalex.org/W162648820', 'https://openalex.org/W161959362'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'IBackground:': [0], 'The': [1], 'luminal': [2], 'surface': [3], 'of': [4, 58, 65, 75, 98, 132], 'respiratory': [5, 59], 'mucous': [6, 44], 'membranes': [7], 'is': [8, 54, 128], 'lined': [9], 'with': [10, 105], 'an': [11, 47], 'epithelial': [12], 'lining': [13], 'fluid': [14], '(ELF)': [15], 'layer.Previous': [16], 'attempts': [17], 'to': [18, 38, 50], 'determine': [19], 'ELF': [20, 60, 88, 101, 119, 133], 'volumes': [21], 'in': [22, 100, 135], 'airways': [23], 'have': [24, 35], 'used': [25], 'dyes': [26], 'or': [27, 73, 108], 'freely': [28], 'diffusible': [29], 'molecules': [30], 'such': [31], 'as': [32, 92], 'urea,': [33], 'yet': [34], 'not': [36, 103], 'led': [37], 'a': [39, 129], 'universally': [40], 'accepted': [41], 'method.The': [42], 'nasal': [43, 67, 83, 137], 'membrane': [45], 'provides': [46], 'accessible': [48], 'area': [49], 'examine': [51], 'whether': [52], 'urea': [53, 81, 84, 99, 120, 127], '&an': [55], 'appropriate': [56], 'marker': [57, 131], 'volume.Methods': [61], 'and': [62, 82, 118], 'Results:': [63], 'Collection': [64], 'undiluted': [66], 'secretions': [68], 'after': [69], 'either': [70, 106], 'glandular': [71], 'stimulation': [72], 'induction': [74], 'vascular': [76], 'permeability': [77], 'confirmed': [78], 'that': [79, 126], 'plasma': [80], 'concentrations': [85, 97, 121], 'are': [86, 122], 'equivalent.Baseline': [87], 'volume': [89, 134], 'was': [90], 'calculated': [91, 95], '800': [93], 'pllnostril.The': [94], 'molar': [96], 'did': [102], 'vary': [104], 'methacholine': [107], 'histamine': [109], 'challenge.Conclusions:': [110], 'These': [111], 'data': [112], 'indicate': [113], 'the': [114, 136], 'plasma,': [115], 'interstitial,': [116], 'glandular,': [117], 'equivalent': [123], 'and,': [124], 'therefore,': [125], 'useful': [130], 'mucosa.(': [138]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005386437', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-08T22:32:56.576885', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}