Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2004287373', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.55.1.67', 'title': 'Origin of the background sodium current and effects of sodium removal in cultured embryonic cardiac cells.', 'display_name': 'Origin of the background sodium current and effects of sodium removal in cultured embryonic cardiac cells.', 'publication_year': 1984, 'publication_date': '1984-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2004287373', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.55.1.67', 'mag': '2004287373', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6086173'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.55.1.67', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.55.1.67', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10652568', 'display_name': 'Circulation Research', 'issn_l': '0009-7330', 'issn': ['0009-7330', '1524-4571'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.55.1.67', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042495676', 'display_name': 'R. Hardwin Mead', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802050884', 'display_name': 'Mead Johnson (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p4pn188', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802050884']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R H Mead', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['R H Mead'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'R H Mead', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802050884']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060689783', 'display_name': 'William T. Clusin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-1982'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W T Clusin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['W T Clusin'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'W T Clusin', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.254, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 12, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.717296, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': '55', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '67', 'last_page': '77'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10217', 'display_name': 'Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10217', 'display_name': 'Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10493', 'display_name': 'Ion channel regulation and function', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11601', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience and Neural Engineering', 'score': 0.9948, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrodotoxin', 'display_name': 'Tetrodotoxin', 'score': 0.5798909}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C537181965', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658', 'display_name': 'Sodium', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75646365}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7079283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4141045', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183', 'display_name': 'Depolarization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5911017}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776741303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379842', 'display_name': 'Tetrodotoxin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5798909}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50952357', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424960', 'display_name': 'Sodium channel', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.57820094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56900483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C519063684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706', 'display_name': 'Calcium', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5420753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101404756', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038336', 'display_name': 'Cardiac transient outward potassium current', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.52415013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121932024', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159376', 'display_name': 'Conductance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43427947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37038705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32210022}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147944092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176366', 'display_name': 'Patch clamp', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2269797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21369848}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09535569}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09345335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114614502', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592', 'display_name': 'Combinatorics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D007473', 'descriptor_name': 'Ion Channels', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009206', 'descriptor_name': 'Myocardium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012964', 'descriptor_name': 'Sodium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002462', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Membrane', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002462', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Membrane', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002586', 'descriptor_name': 'Cesium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002586', 'descriptor_name': 'Cesium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002642', 'descriptor_name': 'Chick Embryo', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004558', 'descriptor_name': 'Electric Stimulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007473', 'descriptor_name': 'Ion Channels', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008345', 'descriptor_name': 'Manganese', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008345', 'descriptor_name': 'Manganese', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009206', 'descriptor_name': 'Myocardium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009206', 'descriptor_name': 'Myocardium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012964', 'descriptor_name': 'Sodium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013779', 'descriptor_name': 'Tetrodotoxin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013779', 'descriptor_name': 'Tetrodotoxin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.55.1.67', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.55.1.67', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10652568', 'display_name': 'Circulation Research', 'issn_l': '0009-7330', 'issn': ['0009-7330', '1524-4571'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6086173', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.55.1.67', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.RES.55.1.67', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10652568', 'display_name': 'Circulation Research', 'issn_l': '0009-7330', 'issn': ['0009-7330', '1524-4571'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 31, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1970206897', 'https://openalex.org/W1974842872', 'https://openalex.org/W1975128542', 'https://openalex.org/W1978819017', 'https://openalex.org/W1980999965', 'https://openalex.org/W1984024564', 'https://openalex.org/W1987476658', 'https://openalex.org/W1987894568', 'https://openalex.org/W1998497067', 'https://openalex.org/W2004454757', 'https://openalex.org/W2009728951', 'https://openalex.org/W2014898526', 'https://openalex.org/W2029333932', 'https://openalex.org/W2049423170', 'https://openalex.org/W2055784873', 'https://openalex.org/W2059430954', 'https://openalex.org/W2070307456', 'https://openalex.org/W2078671540', 'https://openalex.org/W2079837722', 'https://openalex.org/W2085982621', 'https://openalex.org/W2086163086', 'https://openalex.org/W2094927594', 'https://openalex.org/W2113944541', 'https://openalex.org/W2115583482', 'https://openalex.org/W2122317780', 'https://openalex.org/W2134321897', 'https://openalex.org/W2141100624', 'https://openalex.org/W2171250612', 'https://openalex.org/W2219369075', 'https://openalex.org/W2415652768', 'https://openalex.org/W2420539971'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2460570799', 'https://openalex.org/W2460047246', 'https://openalex.org/W2410372181', 'https://openalex.org/W2136377709', 'https://openalex.org/W2076368127', 'https://openalex.org/W2067343156', 'https://openalex.org/W2038552554', 'https://openalex.org/W2032059291', 'https://openalex.org/W2024012135', 'https://openalex.org/W1480093108'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Cardiac': [0], 'automaticity': [1], 'is': [2], 'partly': [3], 'due': [4], 'to': [5, 185, 264], 'a': [6, 77, 83, 92, 101, 139, 256, 277], 'diastolic': [7], 'sodium': [8, 37, 56, 62, 246, 254], 'current.': [9, 87, 125], 'Possible': [10], 'mediators': [11], 'of': [12, 35, 54, 61, 95, 104, 143, 173, 245, 252, 276], 'this': [13], 'include': [14], 'tetrodotoxin-sensitive': [15], '"fast"': [16], 'channels,': [17, 22, 25], 'cesium-sensitive': [18, 257], 'time-dependent': [19, 266], 'pacemaker': [20, 74, 267], 'current': [21, 41, 80, 90, 128, 149, 195, 205, 221, 232], 'calcium-gated': [23], 'nonspecific': [24, 278], 'and': [26, 42, 137, 162, 168, 222, 238, 286], 'electrogenic': [27], 'sodium-calcium': [28, 215], 'exchange.': [29], 'We': [30, 248], 'have': [31], 'studied': [32], 'the': [33, 52, 73, 123, 174, 192, 197, 202, 218, 223, 229, 243, 265, 284], 'effects': [34, 244], 'abrupt': [36], 'removal': [38, 251, 271], 'on': [39, 191], 'membrane': [40], 'conductance': [43, 167], 'in': [44, 51, 69, 72], 'voltage-clamped': [45], 'chick': [46], 'embryonic': [47], 'myocardial': [48], 'cell': [49], 'aggregates,': [50], 'presence': [53], 'various': [55], 'flux': [57], 'inhibitors.': [58], 'Total': [59], 'replacement': [60], 'by': [63, 82, 152, 165, 179, 206, 233, 291], 'lithium,': [64], 'Tris,': [65], 'or': [66, 196], 'tetraethylammonium': [67], 'ions': [68], 'aggregates': [70], 'clamped': [71], 'range': [75], 'caused': [76], 'brief': [78], 'outward': [79, 89, 124, 204, 231], 'followed': [81], 'sustained': [84], 'net': [85], 'inward': [86, 127, 194, 220], 'The': [88, 126], 'reached': [91, 138], 'peak': [93], 'value': [94, 142], '1.1': [96], '+/-': [97, 106, 115, 134, 145, 159, 208, 235], '0.5': [98], 'microA/cm2': [99], 'at': [100], 'mean': [102], 'latency': [103], '5.4': [105], '1.2': [107], 'sec.': [108], '(n': [109], '=': [110, 113, 132, 157], '6;': [111], 'V': [112], '-70.5': [114], '8.9': [116], 'mV;': [117], 'Tris).': [118], 'Conductance': [119], 'often': [120], 'decreased': [121, 201], 'during': [122], 'developed': [129], 'exponentially': [130], '(t': [131], '19': [133], '5': [135], 'sec)': [136], 'steady': [140], 'state': [141], '-1.6': [144], '0.4': [146], 'microA/cm2.': [147], 'This': [148], 'was': [150, 163, 177], 'reversed': [151], 'depolarization': [153], '(mean': [154], 'reversal': [155], 'potential': [156], '-13': [158], '13': [160], 'mV),': [161], 'accompanied': [164], 'increased': [166], 'spontaneous': [169], 'mechanical': [170, 198, 224], 'activity.': [171, 225], 'Neither': [172], 'sodium-removal': [175], 'currents': [176], 'affected': [178], '20': [180, 186], 'microM': [181], 'tetrodotoxin.': [182], 'Cesium': [183], '(up': [184], 'mM)': [187], 'had': [188], 'no': [189], 'effect': [190], 'late': [193, 219], 'activity,': [199], 'but': [200], 'early': [203, 230], '80': [207], '12%.': [209], 'Manganese': [210, 226, 237], '(25': [211], 'mM),': [212], 'which': [213, 280, 287], 'blocks': [214], 'exchange,': [216], 'abolished': [217], 'also': [227, 272], 'reduced': [228], '27': [234], '10%.': [236], 'cesium': [239], 'together': [240], 'blocked': [241], 'all': [242], 'removal.': [247], 'conclude': [249], 'that': [250, 260], 'extracellular': [253], 'interrupts': [255], '"background"': [258], 'current,': [259, 268], 'may': [261, 288], 'be': [262, 289], 'related': [263], 'If.': [269], 'Sodium': [270], 'causes': [273], 'gradual': [274], 'activation': [275], 'conductance,': [279], 'can': [281], 'ultimately': [282], 'depolarize': [283], 'cells,': [285], 'gated': [290], 'cytoplasmic': [292], 'calcium.': [293]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004287373', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T19:06:41.236062', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}