Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2003401143', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-009-9114-x', 'title': 'Private ordering, collective action, and the self-enforcing range of contracts', 'display_name': 'Private ordering, collective action, and the self-enforcing range of contracts', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-08-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2003401143', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-009-9114-x', 'mag': '2003401143'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-009-9114-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S37173775', 'display_name': 'European Journal of Law and Economics', 'issn_l': '0929-1261', 'issn': ['0929-1261', '1572-9990'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00624288/document', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074525887', 'display_name': 'Armelle Mazé', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3059-2022'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51101395', 'display_name': 'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002t25c44', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51101395']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'display_name': "Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006shqv80', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I11559806', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150854', 'https://openalex.org/I51101395']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1314251682', 'display_name': 'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05y503v71', 'country_code': 'MA', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1314251682']}], 'countries': ['FR', 'MA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Armelle Mazé', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne - Université de Paris (Panthéon-Sorbonne)', 'INRA SAD-APT'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne - Université de Paris (Panthéon-Sorbonne)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51101395', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'INRA SAD-APT', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1314251682']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045643658', 'display_name': 'Claude Ménard', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-0232'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51101395', 'display_name': 'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002t25c44', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51101395']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'display_name': "Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006shqv80', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I11559806', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150854', 'https://openalex.org/I51101395']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Claude Ménard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne - Université de Paris (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Paris Cedex 13, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne - Université de Paris (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Paris Cedex 13, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51101395', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2490, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 3090, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.143, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 28, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.935956, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '29', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '131', 'last_page': '153'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11762', 'display_name': 'Economic Analysis of Law and Legal Systems', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11762', 'display_name': 'Economic Analysis of Law and Legal Systems', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13138', 'display_name': 'Law and Economics of Public Policy and Regulation', 'score': 0.9844, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11043', 'display_name': 'Competition, Collusion, and Market Structure Dynamics', 'score': 0.9801, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-action', 'display_name': 'Collective action', 'score': 0.57255775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/contracts', 'display_name': 'Contracts', 'score': 0.509363}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86432685', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219186', 'display_name': 'Commercial law', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8049741}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779777834', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277', 'display_name': 'Enforcement', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.78228295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178283979', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274490', 'display_name': 'Public finance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6172353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48798503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546', 'display_name': 'Reputation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6025735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777932401', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471594', 'display_name': 'Collective action', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.57255775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190253527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354', 'display_name': 'Law and economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5465323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.50176334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45868352}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2164484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150', 'display_name': 'Core (optical fiber)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45812544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75011936', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235', 'display_name': 'Private law', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4533713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100001284', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246', 'display_name': 'Public economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38125938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783', 'display_name': 'Industrial organization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32262605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177986884', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207892', 'display_name': 'Public law', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.31797677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24759638}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18219027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-009-9114-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S37173775', 'display_name': 'European Journal of Law and Economics', 'issn_l': '0929-1261', 'issn': ['0929-1261', '1572-9990'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198148', 'pdf_url': 'https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00624288/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00624288/file/2010--MazA_-MA_nard--Self-enforcing_range_of_contracts--EJLE.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00624288/file/2010--MazA_-MA_nard--Self-enforcing_range_of_contracts--EJLE.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00624288/document', 'pdf_url': 'https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00624288/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01198148', 'pdf_url': 'https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00624288/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.52}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 57, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1488614001', 'https://openalex.org/W1513281941', 'https://openalex.org/W1543801066', 'https://openalex.org/W1562898227', 'https://openalex.org/W1569309374', 'https://openalex.org/W1585711600', 'https://openalex.org/W1740704239', 'https://openalex.org/W1848928159', 'https://openalex.org/W1872413304', 'https://openalex.org/W1970674567', 'https://openalex.org/W1974920554', 'https://openalex.org/W1976773497', 'https://openalex.org/W2011897391', 'https://openalex.org/W2013552623', 'https://openalex.org/W2031974322', 'https://openalex.org/W2037631701', 'https://openalex.org/W2040656473', 'https://openalex.org/W2042680670', 'https://openalex.org/W2047115881', 'https://openalex.org/W2050725882', 'https://openalex.org/W2051660559', 'https://openalex.org/W2055219585', 'https://openalex.org/W2056700716', 'https://openalex.org/W2056850910', 'https://openalex.org/W2061565725', 'https://openalex.org/W2065046975', 'https://openalex.org/W2074449447', 'https://openalex.org/W2074831867', 'https://openalex.org/W2076834219', 'https://openalex.org/W2082374784', 'https://openalex.org/W2095513865', 'https://openalex.org/W2129217167', 'https://openalex.org/W2131388538', 'https://openalex.org/W2132510937', 'https://openalex.org/W2142722104', 'https://openalex.org/W2153460086', 'https://openalex.org/W2167924116', 'https://openalex.org/W2262063915', 'https://openalex.org/W2278545415', 'https://openalex.org/W2321396344', 'https://openalex.org/W2405271985', 'https://openalex.org/W2432368928', 'https://openalex.org/W3021375880', 'https://openalex.org/W3121147769', 'https://openalex.org/W3121728061', 'https://openalex.org/W3122520022', 'https://openalex.org/W3123899440', 'https://openalex.org/W3123942480', 'https://openalex.org/W3123988152', 'https://openalex.org/W3124057924', 'https://openalex.org/W3124103699', 'https://openalex.org/W3124394275', 'https://openalex.org/W3125040717', 'https://openalex.org/W3125396497', 'https://openalex.org/W3143200038', 'https://openalex.org/W4238037807', 'https://openalex.org/W564819044'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W857355774', 'https://openalex.org/W4379507428', 'https://openalex.org/W3121308860', 'https://openalex.org/W302980719', 'https://openalex.org/W2380917196', 'https://openalex.org/W2380589292', 'https://openalex.org/W2378423522', 'https://openalex.org/W2355239471', 'https://openalex.org/W2354685215', 'https://openalex.org/W1510839491'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Contract': [0], 'enforcement': [1, 27], 'is': [2, 72], 'acknowledged': [3], 'as': [4], 'a': [5, 87], 'major': [6], 'issue': [7], 'in': [8, 11], 'Law': [9, 66], 'and': [10, 15, 39, 49, 96], 'Economics.': [12], 'Contrasting': [13], 'substitution': [14], 'complementary': [16], 'perspectives': [17], 'with': [18], 'respect': [19], 'to': [20, 68, 90], 'the': [21, 53, 65, 78, 84], 'role': [22], 'of': [23, 55], 'private': [24, 37, 56], 'vs.': [25], 'public': [26], 'institutions,': [28, 38], 'this': [29], 'article': [30], 'analyses': [31], 'how': [32], 'contract': [33, 91], 'law': [34], 'can': [35], 'support': [36], 'enhance': [40], 'economic': [41], 'efficiency.': [42], 'With': [43], 'multilateral': [44], 'agreements': [45], 'at': [46, 52], 'stake,': [47], 'self-regulation': [48], 'reputation': [50], 'mechanisms': [51], 'core': [54], 'ordering': [57], 'have': [58], 'limitations': [59], 'that': [60], 'collective': [61], 'organizations': [62], 'backed': [63], 'by': [64, 74, 93], 'help': [67], 'overcome.': [69], 'The': [70], 'analysis': [71], 'substantiated': [73], 'empirical': [75], 'data': [76], 'from': [77], 'cattle': [79], 'industry.': [80], 'Our': [81], 'results': [82], 'suggest': [83], 'need': [85], 'for': [86], 'broader': [88], 'approach': [89], 'regulation': [92], 'legal': [94], 'scholars': [95], 'antitrust-authorities.': [97]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003401143', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-20T06:17:32.203649', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}