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227], 'placebo': [37, 134], 'for': [38], 'prevention': [39], 'cancers.': [42], 'We': [43, 83, 244], 'searched': [44], 'electronic': [45], 'databases': [46], 'reference': [48], 'lists': [49], '(February,': [50], '2003).': [51], 'Outcome': [52], 'measures': [53], 'were': [54, 65, 74], 'cancers,': [58], 'overall': [59, 263], 'mortality,': [60, 212], 'adverse': [62], 'effects.': [63], 'Outcomes': [64], 'analysed': [66], 'fixed-effect': [68, 104, 151], 'random-effects': [70, 112, 163], 'model': [71, 152], 'meta-analyses': [72, 113], 'reported': [75], 'as': [76], 'relative': [77], 'risk': [78, 106], '95%': [80, 108], 'CIs.': [81], '<h3>Findings</h3>': [82], 'identified': [84], '14': [85], '(n=170': [88], '525).': [89], 'Trial': [90], 'quality': [91], 'generally': [93], 'high.': [94], 'Heterogeneity': [95], 'results': [97], 'low': [99], 'moderate.': [101], 'Neither': [102], '(relative': [105], '0·96,': [107], 'CI': [109], '0·88–1·04)': [110], 'nor': [111], '(0·90,': [114], '0·77–1·05)': [115], 'showed': [116, 153, 169, 233], 'significant': [117, 171, 190, 234], 'effects': [118], 'supplementation': [120, 175], 'β-carotene,': [122], 'vitamins': [123], 'A,': [124], 'C,': [125], 'E,': [126], 'selenium': [128, 232, 270], '(alone': [129], 'or': [130, 229], 'in': [131, 184, 274], 'combination)': [132], 'versus': [133], 'on': [135, 176, 237, 256], 'oesophageal,': [136], 'gastric,': [137], 'colorectal,': [138], 'pancreatic,': [139], 'liver': [141], 'incidences.': [143], 'In': [144, 223], 'seven': [145], 'high-quality': [146, 185], '(n=131': [148], '727),': [149], 'that': [154, 249], 'significantly': [156, 210], 'increased': [157, 211], 'mortality': [158, 182, 220], '(1·06,': [159, 165], '1·02–1·10),': [160], 'unlike': [161], 'meta-analysis': [164], '0·98–1·15).': [166], 'Low-quality': [167], 'no': [170], 'effect': [172, 236, 268], 'The': [178, 265], 'difference': [179], 'between': [180], 'estimates': [183], 'low-quality': [187], '(Z=2·10,': [191], 'p=0·04': [192], 'by': [193], 'test': [194], 'interaction).': [196], 'β-carotene': [197, 204, 214], 'vitamin': [199, 206], 'A': [200], '(1·29,': [201], '1·14–1·45)': [202], 'E': [207], '(1·10,': [208], '1·01–1·20)': [209], 'whereas': [213], 'alone': [215], 'only': [216], 'tended': [217], 'increase': [219, 262], '(1·05,': [221], '0·99–1·11).': [222], 'four': [224], '(three': [226], 'unclear': [228], 'inadequate': [230], 'methodology),': [231], 'beneficial': [235], '<h3>Interpretation</h3>': [243], 'could': [245], 'not': [246], 'find': [247], 'evidence': [248], 'prevent': [253], 'cancers': [255], 'contrary,': [258], 'they': [259], 'seem': [260], 'potential': [266], 'preventive': [267], 'should': [271], 'be': [272], 'studied': [273], 'adequate': [275], 'trials.': [277]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002956860', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 40}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-24T07:20:13.698595', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}