Osteoblasts Directly Control Lineage Commitment of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells through Wnt Signaling

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Hong Zhou; Wendy Mak; Yu Zheng; Colin R. Dunstan; Markus J. Seibel
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2795, 3129], 'of': [2, 53, 69, 96, 125, 133, 137, 160, 181, 186, 237, 253, 280, 309, 317, 321, 344, 365, 386, 447, 460, 563, 699, 708, 738, 978, 995, 1055, 1066, 1144, 1169, 1198, 1204, 1425, 1486, 1489, 1533, 1539, 1550, 1633, 1653, 1845, 1936, 1944, 1978, 1998, 2006, 2019, 2042, 2049, 2056, 2145, 2167, 2188, 2204, 2223, 2297, 2554, 2581, 2609, 2680, 2716, 2870, 2921, 3061, 3198, 3248, 3279, 3295, 3297, 3317, 3323, 3351, 3369, 3376, 3434, 3551, 3553, 3591, 3716, 3739, 3865, 3906, 3912, 3936, 3964, 3972, 3985, 3989], 'mesenchymal': [3, 21, 60, 98, 162, 187, 205, 244, 282, 346, 402, 449, 1426, 3416, 3444, 3598], 'progenitor': [4, 22, 61, 99, 163, 188, 206, 245, 283, 347, 404, 1427], 'cells': [5, 23, 100, 189, 207, 284, 370, 992, 1057, 1575, 1624, 1709, 1770, 1866, 1953, 2099, 2326, 2408, 2783, 3477, 3483, 3531, 3541, 3558, 3567, 3573, 3661, 3684, 3709, 3715, 3730, 3750, 3765, 3801, 3809, 3822, 3834, 3843, 3876, 3893, 3919, 3943], 'is': [6, 18, 190, 202, 455, 510, 580, 622, 1435, 2722, 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2339, 2429, 2450, 2881, 2929, 2964, 3152, 3236, 3251, 3500, 3544], 'to': [24, 107, 121, 208, 291, 305, 373, 375, 624, 641, 720, 723, 741, 803, 811, 815, 856, 984, 1060, 1136, 1171, 1268, 1346, 1566, 1612, 1665, 1676, 1790, 1848, 1938, 2024, 2156, 2246, 2542, 2684, 2798, 2807, 2856, 3053, 3069, 3132, 3139, 3191, 3755, 3835, 3850, 3885, 3953, 4188], 'differentiate': [25, 209, 374, 440, 3610, 3954], 'away': [26, 210], 'from': [27, 46, 211, 230, 409, 436, 1153, 1405, 1578, 1609, 1659, 1737, 1752, 1862, 2074, 2088, 2139, 2164, 2328, 2347, 2606, 2627, 2785, 2796, 2853, 2915, 3130, 3485, 3532, 3559, 3649, 3685, 3731, 3751, 3811, 3823, 3844, 3895, 3944], 'a': [28, 78, 118, 142, 173, 212, 262, 302, 326, 357, 400, 643, 789, 1412, 1436, 1479, 1526, 1631, 1651, 1843, 1975, 2025, 2250, 2288, 2420, 2505, 2514, 2526, 2632, 2653, 2669, 2790, 2897, 2959, 2969, 3019, 3059, 3220, 3310, 3421, 3435, 3859, 3986], 'default': [29, 213], 'adipogenic': [30, 71, 214, 255, 3378, 3427], 'into': [31, 215, 441, 451, 3575, 3611, 3777, 3955], 'an': [32, 216, 1567, 2068, 2451, 2518, 4035], 'osteoblastic': [33, 217, 3606, 3821], 'lineage.': [34, 110, 218, 294], 'Dominant': [35, 219], 'adipogenesis': [36, 220, 4193], 'and': [37, 72, 76, 82, 85, 135, 221, 256, 260, 266, 269, 319, 379, 397, 556, 627, 634, 637, 760, 851, 1002, 1076, 1139, 1302, 1304, 1423, 1475, 1535, 1564, 1603, 1616, 1648, 1670, 1689, 1754, 1759, 1764, 1783, 1809, 1813, 1864, 1869, 1874, 1926, 1942, 2001, 2028, 2083, 2124, 2133, 2148, 2215, 2279, 2331, 2423, 2432, 2463, 2476, 2481, 2490, 2539, 2557, 2593, 2614, 2617, 2647, 2840, 2878, 2889, 2893, 2918, 2939, 2942, 2966, 3055, 3193, 3228, 3238, 3258, 3265, 3287, 3347, 3358, 3385, 3404, 3425, 3442, 3467, 3478, 3653, 3657, 3680, 3694, 3742, 3769, 3785, 3838, 3857, 3872, 3908, 3923, 3931, 3940, 3946, 4033, 4191], 'reduced': [38, 222, 1297, 3302, 3883], 'osteoblastogenesis': [39, 134, 223, 318, 3837, 4190], 'were': [40, 224, 1447, 1476, 1523, 1544, 1576, 1588, 1614, 1625, 1663, 1674, 1695, 1710, 1745, 1757, 1785, 1799, 1815, 1859, 1867, 1879, 1921, 1927, 1969, 1995, 2022, 2072, 2086, 2100, 2190, 2299, 2334, 2409, 2417, 2484, 2497, 2604, 2848, 3189, 3360, 3536, 3542, 3699, 3710], 'observed': [41, 225, 2660, 2849, 3868], 'in': [42, 59, 80, 89, 131, 146, 150, 178, 226, 243, 264, 273, 315, 330, 334, 362, 632, 635, 645, 728, 794, 1000, 1003, 1141, 1150, 1163, 1201, 1213, 1258, 1272, 1309, 1415, 1557, 1627, 1637, 1747, 1773, 1787, 1802, 1829, 1890, 1961, 1971, 1974, 2102, 2194, 2270, 2287, 2336, 2350, 2411, 2465, 2598, 2635, 2656, 2666, 2691, 2725, 2793, 2802, 2811, 2819, 2850, 2867, 2891, 2912, 2936, 2953, 2962, 3012, 3072, 3115, 3127, 3134, 3143, 3225, 3243, 3262, 3284, 3303, 3333, 3341, 3363, 3392, 3398, 3413, 3455, 3489, 3604, 3667, 3692, 3702, 3723, 3737, 3759, 3782, 3796, 3862, 3869, 3996, 4038], 'calvarial': [43, 227, 1311, 1401, 3482], 'cell': [44, 62, 148, 228, 246, 332, 381, 403, 433, 529, 608, 650, 661, 1402, 2143, 2348, 2415, 3274, 3418, 3472, 3647, 3938, 3998], 'cultures': [45, 127, 229, 311, 434, 1403, 1804, 1814, 2144, 2603, 2643, 2681, 2693, 2697, 2824, 2852, 2913, 2941, 3015, 3092, 3136, 3195, 3230, 3267, 3305, 3336, 3343, 3365, 3395, 3400, 3673, 3704, 3738, 3788, 3934], 'transgenic': [47, 90, 97, 126, 231, 274, 281, 310, 590, 791, 972, 1132, 1145, 1260, 1263, 1355, 1445, 3364], 'mice': [48, 232, 973, 1146, 1264, 1356, 1446, 1496, 2333, 2613, 2630, 3488, 3652, 3733, 3753, 3813, 3825, 3848, 3900, 3948], 'characterized': [49, 233, 850], 'osteoblast-targeted': [51, 235], 'disruption': [52, 236], 'glucocorticoid': [54, 238, 574, 2931], 'signaling.': [55, 166, 239, 350], 'This': [56, 111, 167, 240, 295, 351, 1767, 3925], 'phenotypic': [57, 241, 1318], 'shift': [58, 242, 2792, 3126], 'was': [64, 113, 248, 297, 801, 1161, 1365, 1771, 1840, 1852, 1949, 1986, 2044, 2121, 2137, 2162, 2198, 2227, 2236, 2260, 2345, 2435, 2448, 2523, 2560, 2572, 2585, 2659, 2682, 2816, 2883, 2933, 2943, 2956, 3051, 3260, 3300, 3387, 3802, 3867, 3882], 'associated': [65, 249], 'with': [66, 77, 101, 128, 250, 261, 285, 312, 993, 1147, 1348, 1559, 1595, 1700, 1883, 1954, 2003, 2064, 2109, 2177, 2320, 2460, 2499, 2525, 2562, 2641, 2663, 2695, 2863, 2896, 3307, 3315, 3331, 3713, 3888], 'reciprocal': [67, 251, 2960, 3720], 'regulation': [68, 180, 252, 364], 'early': [70, 182, 254, 366, 2781, 3423, 3475, 3597], 'osteoblastogenic': [73, 257], 'transcription': [74, 258, 388, 463, 565, 606, 3325, 3354, 3379], 'factors': [75, 259, 389, 464, 566, 3380], 'reduction': [79, 263, 2634, 3861], 'Wnt7b': [81, 265], 'Wnt10b': [83, 267, 4183], 'mRNA': [84, 268, 2814, 2880, 2928, 2955, 2963, 3374], 'β-catenin': [86, 270, 2298], 'protein': [87, 271, 521, 524, 595, 599, 604, 970, 1134, 1835, 2295, 2344, 3382], 'levels': [88, 272, 2296, 2847, 2888, 3070, 3781], 'versus': [91, 275], 'non-transgenic': [92, 276], 'cultures.': [93, 277, 1312, 2822, 3057, 3074, 3289], 'Transwell': [94, 278, 1707], 'co-culture': [95, 279, 3457], 'wild': [102, 286, 588, 1154, 1580], 'type': [103, 287, 507, 515, 577, 585, 589, 713, 731, 807, 980, 1155, 1581], 'restored': [105, 289], 'the': [108, 122, 157, 179, 292, 306, 341, 363, 384, 458, 461, 553, 561, 660, 663, 736, 796, 804, 975, 979, 1142, 1167, 1202, 1314, 1349, 1396, 1406, 1547, 1551, 1660, 1738, 1788, 1791, 1803, 1822, 1830, 1849, 1940, 1992, 2020, 2096, 2157, 2433, 2438, 2445, 2550, 2555, 2569, 2575, 2607, 2650, 2717, 2720, 2864, 2868, 2906, 2919, 2930, 3076, 3101, 3116, 3125, 3273, 3277, 3334, 3377, 3432, 3471, 3495, 3501, 3533, 3545, 3589, 3645, 3717, 3724, 3792, 3832, 3863, 3950, 3962, 3965, 3970, 3977], 'osteoblast': [109, 293, 626, 1678, 2602, 2797, 3131, 3252, 3318, 3353, 3852, 4040], 'effect': [112, 296, 3089, 3207, 3881], 'blocked': [114, 298], 'adding': [116, 300, 1683, 1806], 'sFRP1,': [117, 301], 'inhibitor,': [120, 304, 2365], 'co-culture.': [123, 307], 'Treatment': [124, 308], 'Wnt3a': [129, 313, 2065], 'resulted': [130, 314], 'stimulation': [132, 316], 'suppression': [136, 320], 'adipogenesis.': [138, 322, 3840], 'Our': [139, 323], 'findings': [140, 324, 3585], 'suggest': [141, 325], 'novel': [143, 327, 1413], 'cellular': [144, 328, 554, 647, 2294, 2343, 2480], 'mechanism': [145, 329, 1315, 1414], 'bone': [147, 331, 612, 1073, 1300, 1360, 3256], 'biology': [149, 333], 'which': [151, 335, 795, 1416, 1851, 2118, 2667, 3490], 'exert': [153, 337], 'direct': [154, 338], 'control': [155, 170, 339, 354, 385, 1420], 'over': [156, 340], 'lineage': [158, 342, 392, 629, 1421, 2794, 3128, 3448], 'their': [161, 345, 391, 742, 3443, 3654], 'through': [164, 348, 618, 2419], 'glucocorticoid-dependent': [168, 352], 'forward': [169, 353], 'function': [171, 355], 'indicates': [172, 356], 'central': [174, 358], 'role': [175, 359, 644, 1824, 4037], 'osteoblastogenesis.': [183, 367], 'Mesenchymal': [368, 3974], 'stem': [369], 'are': [371, 567, 2192, 2268, 2547, 3281, 3994], 'able': [372], 'multiple': [376, 2567], 'connective': [377, 2059], 'tissue': [378], 'musculoskeletal': [380], 'types': [382], 'under': [383, 2619], 'specific': [387, 654], 'directing': [390], 'commitment.': [393, 651, 3449], 'For': [394, 1619, 2566], 'example,': [395], 'adipocytes': [398, 454, 1968, 2671, 3778, 3866, 3907, 3957], 'share': [399], 'common': [401], 'can': [406, 439], 'be': [407, 1061, 2685, 3107], 'isolated': [408, 1711, 2138, 2346, 3644], 'neonatal': [410], 'mouse': [411, 793, 2141, 2831, 2842], 'or': [412, 443, 453, 493, 1583, 1769, 2067, 2508, 2829, 3149, 3670, 3719, 3762, 3798, 3897, 3958], 'fetal': [413, 1644, 2111], 'rat': [414, 797, 2827, 2838], 'calvaria': [415, 1574, 2142, 2325, 2608], '(1Bellows': [416, 1719], 'C.G.': [417, 1720], 'Heersche': [418, 1721], 'J.N.': [419, 1722], 'J.': [420, 684, 873, 917, 941, 1019, 1039, 1112, 1511, 1723, 1903, 2310, 2742, 2982, 3163, 3173, 3518, 3631, 4065, 4169], 'Bone': [421, 778, 834, 874, 942, 1020, 1040, 1512, 1724, 2743, 3519, 4170], 'Miner.': [422, 875, 943, 1021, 1041, 1513, 1725, 2744, 3520, 4171], 'Res.': [423, 876, 944, 1022, 1042, 1514, 1726, 2745, 3041, 3521, 4172], '2001;': [424, 1727, 3181], '16:': [425, 544, 1728], '1983-1993Crossref': [426, 1729], 'PubMed': [427, 488, 546, 675, 689, 754, 783, 839, 880, 928, 948, 963, 1026, 1046, 1123, 1191, 1234, 1253, 1292, 1336, 1390, 1470, 1518, 1730, 1914, 2317, 2403, 2749, 2772, 3001, 3046, 3184, 3525, 3637, 4009, 4028, 4076, 4099, 4136, 4176, 4218], 'Scopus': [428, 489, 547, 676, 690, 755, 784, 840, 881, 929, 964, 1027, 1124, 1192, 1235, 1254, 1293, 1337, 1391, 1471, 1519, 1731, 1915, 2404, 2750, 2773, 3002, 3047, 3185, 3526, 3638, 4010, 4029, 4077, 4100, 4137, 4177, 4219], '(36)': [429, 1732], 'Google': [430, 491, 549, 678, 692, 757, 786, 842, 883, 931, 949, 966, 1029, 1047, 1126, 1194, 1237, 1256, 1295, 1339, 1393, 1473, 1521, 1733, 1917, 2318, 2406, 2752, 2775, 3004, 3049, 3168, 3187, 3528, 3640, 4012, 4031, 4079, 4102, 4139, 4179, 4221], 'Scholar).': [431, 693, 758, 843, 967, 1048, 1127, 1195, 1340, 1394, 1734, 1918, 3529, 3641, 4180], 'Primary': [432, 1570], 'derived': [435, 1152, 1404, 2327, 2626, 2784, 2914, 3484, 3810, 3894], 'these': [437, 448, 564, 1317, 2777, 3121, 3298, 3540, 3660], 'tissues': [438], 'adipocytes.': [444], 'The': [445, 844, 1919, 1964, 2039, 2186, 2441, 2495, 2675, 2800, 2951, 3349, 3557], 'differentiation': [446, 1424, 1679, 3253, 3319, 3370, 3419, 3554, 3853, 3999, 4041], 'progenitors': [450, 3445], 'governed': [456], 'expression': [459, 562, 814, 855, 987, 1065, 1135, 1149, 2522, 2815, 2846, 2920, 3247, 3294, 3350, 3375], 'master': [462], 'runt-related': [465, 591], 'gene': [466, 519, 592, 798, 854, 1351, 2972], '2': [467, 508, 578, 593, 732, 1352, 1611, 2165, 2688], '(Runx2)': [468], '(2Ducy': [469], 'P.': [470, 765, 821, 900, 1095, 2984, 3155], 'Zhang': [471], 'R.': [472, 4003], 'Geoffroy': [473], 'V.': [474], 'Ridall': [475], 'A.L.': [476], 'Karsenty': [477], 'G.': [478, 866, 1012, 1504, 2735, 3511], 'Cell.': [479, 2312, 3632, 4090, 4131], '1997;': [480, 4006, 4022], '89:': [481], '747-754Abstract': [482], 'Full': [483, 485, 923, 925, 1118, 1120, 1909, 1911, 4025, 4071, 4073, 4094, 4096], 'Text': [484, 486, 924, 926, 1119, 1121, 1910, 1912, 4026, 4072, 4074, 4095, 4097], 'PDF': [487, 927, 1122, 1913, 4027, 4075, 4098], '(3647)': [490], 'Scholar)': [492, 787, 1257, 1474, 1522, 2319, 3050, 4032], 'peroxisome': [494, 570], 'proliferator-activated': [495, 504, 571], 'receptor': [496, 505, 572, 621, 2932], 'γ': [497, 573], '(PPARγ)': [498], '2The': [499], 'abbreviations': [500], 'used': [501, 2191, 2261, 2276, 2834, 3096, 3481, 3499], 'are:': [502], 'PPARγperoxisome': [503], 'γGCglucocorticoid11βHSD11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenaseCol2.3–11βHSD211βHSD': [506], 'transgene': [509, 579, 813, 2721, 2828, 2839, 3503], 'driven': [511, 581, 3493], '2.3-kilobase': [513, 583, 805], 'collagen': [514, 584, 806, 982], 'I': [516, 586, 808, 981], 'promoterWTwild': [517], 'typetgtransgenicRunx2runt-related': [518], '2C/EBPαCCAAT/enhancer-binding': [520], 'αsFRP1secreted': [522], 'Frizzled-related': [523, 598], '1SOSTsclerostinGFPgreen': [525], 'fluorescent': [526, 603, 969], 'proteinRTreverse': [527], 'transcriptionTCFT': [528], 'factorCMconditioned': [530], 'mediumBMPbone': [531], 'morphogenetic': [532, 613], 'protein.': [533, 614], '(3Rosen': [534], 'E.D.': [535, 1898], 'Spiegelman': [536], 'B.M.': [537], 'Annu.': [538], 'Rev.': [539], 'Cell': [540, 1572, 1607, 1857], 'Dev.': [541, 4005, 4089], 'Biol.': [542, 918, 1113, 1904, 2313, 4066, 4132], '2000;': [543], '145-171Crossref': [545], '(1053)': [548], 'Scholar),': [550, 1296, 2407, 2776, 3005, 3188], 'respectively.': [551], 'However,': [552, 1313, 3290], 'interactions': [555, 648], 'mechanisms': [557], 'must': [559], 'drive': [560, 985], '11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase': [575], '11βHSD': [576, 712, 730], 'promoter': [587, 810, 846, 983, 3497], 'CCAAT/enhancer-binding': [594, 3381], 'α': [596, 3383], 'secreted': [597, 1826, 1833, 3990], '1': [600, 714, 1634, 1743, 1836, 2004, 2173, 3570], 'sclerostin': [601], 'green': [602], 'reverse': [605, 2180], 'T': [607], 'factor': [609], 'conditioned': [610, 2119], 'medium': [611, 1640, 1702, 2106, 2120], 'Glucocorticoid': [615], '(GC)': [616], 'its': [619], 'cognate': [620], 'known': [623], 'influence': [625], 'adipocyte': [628, 1875, 2657, 3082, 3133, 3794], 'both': [631, 2837, 2937, 3226, 3285, 3740, 3783, 3870, 3929], 'vitro': [633, 1004, 1164], 'vivo': [636, 1001], 'is,': [638, 1209], 'thus,': [639, 1210], 'likely': [640], 'have': [642, 1265, 1342], 'regulating': [646, 2909, 3997, 4039], 'driving': [649], 'In': [652, 1395, 2649, 2714, 3075, 3682, 3747, 3791, 4181], 'addition,': [653], 'enzymes': [655], 'modulate': [656], 'GC': [657, 705, 710, 726, 740, 1207, 1368, 2809, 2910, 2970, 3008, 3141, 3411], 'metabolism': [658], 'within': [659], 'at': [662, 1546, 1630, 1650, 1842, 2012, 2033, 2126, 2175, 2425, 2455, 2504, 2513, 2686, 2885, 2900, 3093, 3196, 3208, 3219, 3268, 3276, 3291, 3389, 3420, 3568, 3579, 3588, 3779], 'pre-receptor': [664], 'level': [665], '(4Stewart': [666, 745], 'P.M.': [667, 683, 746], 'Krozowski': [668, 747, 1181, 1224, 1282, 1460, 2762, 3160, 3176], 'Z.S.': [669, 748, 3161], 'Vitam.': [670, 749], 'Horm.': [671, 750], '1999;': [672, 751, 2998], '57:': [673, 752], '249-324Crossref': [674, 753], '(448)': [677, 756], 'Scholar,': [679, 884, 932, 950, 1030, 1238, 2753, 3169, 4013, 4080, 4103, 4140, 4222], '5Draper': [680], 'N.': [681, 3614], 'Stewart': [682, 1380], 'Endocrinol.': [685], '2005;': [686, 920, 945, 1043, 1115, 4068, 4091, 4215], '186:': [687], '251-271Crossref': [688], '(318)': [691, 2405], 'Within': [694], 'certain': [695], 'tissues,': [696], 'two': [697], 'isoforms': [698], '11β-hydroxysteroid': [700], 'dehydrogenase': [701], '(11βHSD)': [702], 'vary': [703], 'intracellular': [704, 725], 'concentrations': [706, 3197, 3210, 3222], 'independent': [707], 'circulating': [709], 'levels.': [711], '(11βHSD1)': [715], 'predominantly': [716], 'converts': [717], 'inactive': [718, 743], 'cortisone': [719], 'active': [721, 739], 'cortisol': [722, 1649], 'increase': [724, 2655, 2866, 2899, 2952], 'concentrations;': [727], 'contrast,': [729, 3683, 3748], '(11βHSD2)': [733], 'unidirectionally': [734], 'catalyzes': [735], 'conversion': [737, 1168], 'metabolites': [744], 'Kream': [759, 957, 1185, 1228, 1245, 1286, 1328, 1464, 1484, 2766, 3178], 'co-workers': [761], '(6Kalajzic': [762, 818], 'Z.': [763, 769, 819, 825, 862, 1008, 1182, 1225, 1283, 1461, 1500, 2731, 2763, 3177, 3507], 'Liu': [764, 820, 935, 1033, 4149], 'Kalajzic': [766, 822, 861, 1007, 1499, 2730, 3506], 'I.': [767, 823, 860, 886, 1006, 1081, 1498, 2729, 3505, 4230], 'Du': [768, 824], 'Braut': [770, 826], 'A.': [771, 827, 888, 956, 1083, 2976, 2997, 3038, 3175, 4055, 4160, 4214], 'Mina': [772, 828], 'M.': [773, 829, 864, 1010, 1502, 2306, 2733, 3509, 4019, 4150, 4164], 'Canalis': [774, 830], 'E.': [775, 831], 'Rowe': [776, 832, 871, 915, 939, 1017, 1037, 1110, 1509, 1531, 2740, 3516], 'D.W.': [777, 833, 916, 940, 1038, 1111], '(NY).': [779, 835], '2002;': [780, 836, 877, 1023, 1515, 2746, 3522], '31:': [781, 837], '654-660Crossref': [782, 838], '(120)': [785, 841], 'generated': [788, 1448, 1577, 2605], 'Col2.3–11βHSD2': [790, 1259, 1262, 1407, 1584, 2599, 2611, 2628, 2820, 2916, 3013, 3102, 3244, 3393, 3650, 3671, 3743, 3786, 3873, 3898, 3932], '(tg)': [792], '11βHSD2': [800, 1133, 1158, 1344, 2832, 2845, 2904, 2947, 2954, 3023, 3112, 3153, 3502], 'linked': [802], '(Col2.3)': [809], 'target': [812, 2971], 'mature': [816, 857, 996, 1067, 1137, 1214, 2726, 3144, 3440, 3577], 'Col2.3': [845], 'has': [847, 4184], 'been': [848, 1266, 4186], 'well': [849, 1973], 'specifically': [852], 'targets': [853], '(7Kalajzic': [859, 1005, 1497, 2728, 3504], 'Kaliterna': [863, 1009, 1501, 2732, 3508], 'Gronowicz': [865, 1011, 1179, 1222, 1280, 1458, 1503, 2734, 2760, 3510], 'Clark': [867, 953, 1013, 1505, 2736, 3512], 'S.H.': [868, 954, 1014, 1506, 2737, 3513, 4232], 'Lichtler': [869, 1015, 1507, 2738, 3514], 'A.C.': [870, 1016, 1508, 2739, 3515], 'D.': [872, 1018, 1373, 1510, 2741, 2990, 3517], '17:': [878, 1024, 1516, 2747, 3523], '15-25Crossref': [879, 1025, 1517, 2748, 3524], '(321)': [882, 1028, 1520, 2751, 3527], '8Kalajzic': [885], 'Staal': [887, 1082], 'Yang': [889, 1084, 4087], 'W.P.': [890, 1085], 'Wu': [891, 1086], 'Y.': [892, 904, 936, 1034, 1087, 1099, 4088], 'Johnson': [893, 1088], 'S.E.': [894, 1089, 2553], 'Feyen': [895, 1090], 'J.H.': [896, 1091], 'Krueger': [897, 1092], 'W.': [898, 1093, 2390, 4105, 4117], 'Maye': [899, 1094], 'Yu': [901, 1096], 'F.': [902, 1097, 2988], 'Zhao': [903, 1098], 'Kuo': [905, 1100], 'L.': [906, 1101, 2978, 4086], 'Gupta': [907, 1102], 'R.R.': [908, 1103], 'Achenie': [909, 1104], 'L.E.': [910, 1105], 'Wang': [911, 1106, 2981], 'H.W.': [912, 1107, 1176, 1219, 1277, 1455, 2757], 'Shin': [913, 1108], 'D.G.': [914, 1109], 'Chem.': [919, 1114, 1905, 4067], '280:': [921, 1116, 4069], '24618-24626Abstract': [922, 1117], '(146)': [930, 1125], '9Wang': [933, 1031], 'Y.H.': [934, 1032], 'Buhl': [937, 1035], 'K.': [938, 1036, 3618], '20:': [946, 1044], '5-14Crossref': [947, 1045], '10Cochrane': [951], 'R.L.': [952], 'Harris': [955], 'B.E.': [958, 1186, 1229, 1246, 1287, 1329, 1465, 2767], 'Genesis.': [959], '2007;': [960], '45:': [961], '17-20Crossref': [962], '(14)': [965], 'Green': [968, 2242], '(GFP)': [971], 'using': [974, 1399, 1929, 2150, 2239, 2249, 2574], 'same': [976, 2651, 3077, 3496, 3718, 3951], 'fragment': [977], 'GFP': [986, 3491, 3546], '(2.3Col-GFP)': [988], 'demonstrated': [989], 'only': [991, 2668, 2817], 'features': [994], 'show': [998, 1058], 'fluorescence': [999], 'Microarray': [1049], 'analysis': [1050, 1931, 2559], 'data': [1051], 'on': [1052, 3090, 3831, 3961], 'this': [1053, 1441, 2859, 3452, 3880], 'population': [1054, 1742, 1768, 3648], 'GFP-positive': [1056, 3566], 'it': [1059], 'highly': [1062], 'enriched': [1063], 'osteoblast-specific': [1068], 'genes': [1069, 3299], 'such': [1070, 3327], 'as': [1071, 1449, 1478, 1525, 1761, 1811, 2093, 2301, 2437, 2517, 2549, 3328, 3498, 3538], 'osteocalcin,': [1072], 'sialoprotein': [1074], '(BSP),': [1075], 'dentin': [1077], 'matrix': [1078], 'protein-1': [1079], '(8Kalajzic': [1080], 'Similarly,': [1128], 'immunohistochemistry': [1129], 'studies': [1130], 'localized': [1131], 'osteocytes': [1140], 'bones': [1143, 1151], 'no': [1148, 1358, 3088], 'littermates.': [1156, 1586], 'Transgenic': [1157, 1443, 3245], 'enzyme': [1159, 1714, 2908, 3027, 3113], 'activity': [1160, 3028, 3114], 'confirmed': [1162], 'measuring': [1166], '[3H]corticosterone': [1170], '11-dehydrocorticosterone': [1172], '(11Sher': [1173, 1216, 1274, 1452], 'L.B.': [1174, 1217, 1240, 1275, 1323, 1453, 2755], 'Woitge': [1175, 1218, 1276, 1454, 2756], 'Adams': [1177, 1220, 1243, 1278, 1326, 1456, 2758], 'D.J.': [1178, 1221, 1244, 1279, 1327, 1457, 2395, 2759], 'G.A.': [1180, 1223, 1281, 1459, 2761], 'Harrison': [1183, 1226, 1241, 1284, 1324, 1462, 2764, 3172], 'J.R.': [1184, 1227, 1242, 1285, 1325, 1463, 2765], 'Endocrinology.': [1187, 1230, 1288, 1386, 1466, 2768, 3180], '2004;': [1188, 1231, 1289, 1387, 1467, 2400, 2769], '145:': [1189, 1232, 1290, 1388, 1468, 2770], '922-929Crossref': [1190, 1233, 1291, 1469, 2771], '(106)': [1193, 1236, 1294, 1472, 2774], 'Because': [1196], 'overexpression': [1197, 1345], 'HSD2': [1199, 3846], 'results': [1200, 2778, 3122, 3407, 3817], 'inactivation': [1203], 'cytoplasmic': [1205, 2439], 'GCs,': [1206], 'effectively': [1211], 'disrupted': [1212, 3140], '12Sher': [1239], 'Calcif.': [1247, 1330], 'Tissue': [1248, 1331], 'Int.': [1249, 1332], '2006;': [1250, 1333, 4133, 4173], '79:': [1251, 1334], '118-125Crossref': [1252, 1335], '(68)': [1255, 1338], 'mice.': [1261], 'shown': [1267], 'exhibit': [1269], 'vertebral': [1270], 'osteopenia': [1271], 'females': [1273], 'femoral': [1298], 'cortical': [1299], 'area': [1301, 1943, 1977], 'thickness,': [1303], 'impaired': [1305], 'mineralized': [1306, 1620, 1872, 1945, 2636, 3066, 3216, 3665, 3690, 3757, 3913], 'nodule': [1307, 1621, 2637, 3067, 3217, 3735], 'formation': [1308, 1622, 2638, 3068, 3083, 3218, 3736, 3795], 'primary': [1310, 1400, 2140, 2324], 'underlying': [1316], 'changes': [1319], 'remained': [1320, 3338], 'unclear': [1321], '(12Sher': [1322], 'Others': [1341], 'targeted': [1343], 'osteoblasts/osteocytes': [1347], 'osteocalcin': [1350], 'promoter.': [1353], 'These': [1354, 3406, 3584, 3816], 'had': [1357, 3087, 3205, 3909, 3949], 'discernible': [1359], 'phenotype,': [1361], 'but': [1362, 3024, 3213, 3337, 3396, 3571], 'osteocyte': [1363], 'viability': [1364], 'protected': [1366], 'during': [1367, 2873], 'treatment': [1369], "(13O'Brien": [1370], 'C.A.': [1371, 4154], 'Jia': [1372], 'Plotkin': [1374], 'L.I.': [1375], 'Bellido': [1376], 'T.': [1377, 4043, 4156, 4158], 'Powers': [1378], 'C.C.': [1379], 'S.A.': [1381, 2378], 'Manolagas': [1382], 'S.C.': [1383], 'Weinstein': [1384], 'R.S.': [1385], '1835-1841Crossref': [1389], '(637)': [1392], 'present': [1397], 'study': [1398], 'tg': [1408, 1585, 2332, 2600, 2612, 2629, 2692, 2707, 2821, 2851, 2892, 2940, 3014, 3056, 3103, 3135, 3192, 3229, 3264, 3288, 3304, 3342, 3394, 3487, 3651, 3672, 3695, 3703, 3744, 3752, 3763, 3787, 3799, 3847, 3874, 3899, 3933, 3947], 'mice,': [1409], 'discovered': [1411], 'fully': [1417], 'differentiated': [1418, 2871, 3776], 'cells.': [1428, 1796, 3746, 3891], 'We': [1429, 3450, 3642], 'find': [1430], 'GC-regulated': [1432, 3436], 'strong': [1437], 'candidate': [1438], 'mediating': [1440], 'function.': [1442], 'Mice—Col2.3–11βHSD2': [1444], 'described': [1450, 2094, 2302], 'previously': [1451], 'provided': [1477, 1524, 1675, 1703, 1801], 'gift': [1480, 1527], 'Dr.': [1482, 1529], 'Barbara': [1483], '(Dept.': [1485, 1532], 'Medicine,': [1487], 'University': [1488, 1538], 'Connecticut': [1490, 1540], 'Health': [1491, 1541], 'Center,': [1492], 'Farmington,': [1493], 'CT).': [1494], 'Col2.3-GFP': [1495, 3486], 'David': [1530], 'Genetics': [1534], 'Developmental': [1536], 'Biology,': [1537], 'Center).': [1542], 'Mice': [1543], 'maintained': [1545, 1816], 'animal': [1548], 'facilities': [1549], 'ANZAC': [1552], 'Research': [1553], 'Institute': [1554], '(Sydney,': [1555], 'Australia)': [1556], 'accordance': [1558], 'Institutional': [1560], 'Animal': [1561], 'Welfare': [1562], 'Guidelines': [1563], 'according': [1565, 2155, 2245], 'approved': [1568], 'protocol.': [1569], 'Calvaria': [1571], 'Culture—Primary': [1573, 2601], '1-day-old': [1579, 2329, 2610], '(WT)': [1582], 'Cells': [1587, 1662, 1694, 1735, 1750, 3460], 'released': [1589], '4': [1591, 1613, 1765], 'sequential': [1592, 1713], '10-min': [1593], 'digestions': [1594, 1610, 1756], '0.1%': [1596], 'collagenase': [1597], '(Worthington': [1598], 'Biomedical': [1599], 'Co.,': [1600], 'Lakewood,': [1601], 'NJ)': [1602], '0.2%': [1604], 'dispase': [1605], '(Invitrogen).': [1606], 'populations': [1608, 1718, 1762, 2146, 3275, 3473, 3687, 3939], 'collected': [1615, 1736, 1751], 'pooled': [1617, 1758], '(P2–4).': [1618], 'assays,': [1623], 'cultured': [1626, 1746, 1772, 2335, 3901], '24-well': [1628, 1748, 1792], 'plates': [1629, 1793], 'density': [1632], '×': [1635, 1655, 2427, 2457], '105/well': [1636], 'α-minimum': [1638], '(Invitrogen)': [1641, 2107, 2182], 'containing': [1642, 1794, 2444], '10%': [1643, 2110], 'bovine': [1645], 'serum': [1646, 2113, 2965], '(FBS)': [1647], 'concentration': [1652, 1844, 3060, 3095], '8': [1654], '10–9': [1656], 'm': [1657], '(derived': [1658], 'FBS).': [1661], 'allowed': [1664], 'attach': [1666], '24': [1668], 'h,': [1669], 'then': [1671, 1784, 1800, 1860, 1922, 3643, 3711], 'osteogenic': [1672, 2337, 2620], 'conditions': [1673, 1798, 2621], 'induce': [1677, 3756, 3851], '(designated': [1680], 'day0)': [1681], 'ascorbic': [1684, 1807], 'acid': [1685, 1808], '(50': [1686], 'μg/ml;': [1687], 'Sigma)': [1688], 'β-glycerophosphate': [1690, 1810], '(10': [1691], 'mm;': [1692], 'Sigma).': [1693], 'incubated': [1696], '14': [1698], 'days': [1699, 3368, 3550, 3676], 'fresh': [1701], 'three': [1704, 3249], 'times': [1705, 2689], 'weekly.': [1706], 'Co-culture—Calvaria': [1708], 'digestion': [1715, 3535], 'yielding': [1716], 'four': [1717], 'first': [1739, 3534], 'digestion,': [1740], 'designated': [1741, 1760, 3537, 3562], '(P1),': [1744], 'plates.': [1749], 'third': [1753], 'fourth': [1755], '3': [1763, 1778, 2115, 2430, 2855, 3293, 3391], '(P3–4).': [1766], 'transwell': [1774, 1831, 3456, 3725], 'inserts': [1775, 1789, 1858, 3726], '(pore': [1776], 'size': [1777], 'μm,': [1779], 'BD': [1780], 'Biosciences)': [1781, 2503, 2512, 2538], 'overnight': [1782], 'transferred': [1786, 2023, 2491], 'P1': [1795, 1865, 2147, 3594, 3646, 3708, 3745, 3764, 3771, 3800, 3875, 3892, 3942], 'Osteogenic': [1797], 'above,': [1812], '21': [1818, 3675], 'days.': [1819, 2341], 'To': [1820, 2369], 'evaluate': [1821], 'potential': [1823, 3952], 'proteins': [1828, 2483], 'system,': [1832], 'frizzled-related': [1834], '(sFRP1)': [1837], '(R&D': [1838], 'Systems)': [1839], 'added': [1841, 3052, 3190], '200': [1846], 'ng/ml': [1847], 'media,': [1850], 'changed': [1853], 'every': [1854], 'second': [1855], 'day.': [1856], 'removed': [1861], 'plates,': [1863], 'fixed': [1868], 'stained': [1870, 1993], 'nodules': [1873, 1878, 1920, 3666, 3691, 3758, 3914], 'lipids.': [1876], 'Staining—Mineralized': [1877], 'assessed': [1880, 1950], 'staining': [1882, 1952], '1%': [1884], 'alizarin': [1885], 'red': [1886], '(Sigma)': [1887, 1958], 'after': [1888, 1959, 2117, 2183, 3366, 3548, 3674], 'fixation': [1889, 1960], '70%': [1891], 'ethanol': [1892], '(14Stanford': [1893], 'C.M.': [1894], 'Jacobson': [1895], 'P.A.': [1896], 'Eanes': [1897], 'Lembke': [1899], 'L.A.': [1900], 'Midura': [1901], 'R.J.': [1902], '1995;': [1906], '270:': [1907, 3166], '9420-9428Abstract': [1908], '(396)': [1916], 'imaged': [1923], 'scanner': [1925], 'analyzed': [1928, 2228], 'image': [1930], 'software': [1932], '(ImageJ,': [1933], 'National': [1934], 'Institutes': [1935], 'Health)': [1937], 'determine': [1939], 'number': [1941, 2869, 3864, 3988], 'nodules.': [1946], 'Adipocyte': [1947, 2594], 'lipid': [1948], 'Oil': [1955, 1965, 1983, 2050, 2676], 'Red': [1956, 1966, 1984, 2051, 2677, 2699], 'O': [1957, 1985, 2678, 2700], '4%': [1962], 'paraformaldehyde.': [1963], 'O-stained': [1967], 'counted': [1970], 'each': [1972, 2203, 2224, 3214, 3296], 'standard': [1976, 2047], '157': [1979], 'mm2.': [1980], 'Staining': [1981], 'further': [1987, 2130, 3454], 'quantified': [1988, 2029], 'spectrophotometry.': [1990], 'Briefly,': [1991, 2098, 2323], 'dishes': [1994], 'rinsed': [1996], 'free': [1997], 'residue': [1999], 'stain': [2000], 'eluted': [2002], 'ml': [2005], '100%': [2007], 'isopropanol': [2008], '20': [2010, 2471], 'min': [2011, 2454], 'room': [2013], 'temperature.': [2014], 'Three': [2015], 'aliquots': [2016], '(100': [2017], 'μl)': [2018], 'eluate': [2021], '96-well': [2026], 'plate': [2027], 'absorbance': [2031], 'measurement': [2032], '490': [2034], 'nm': [2035], '(PerkinElmer': [2036], 'Life': [2037], 'Sciences).': [2038], 'linear': [2040], 'range': [2041], 'detection': [2043, 2256, 2535], 'determined': [2045], 'solutions': [2048], 'O.': [2052], 'Wnt3a-conditioned': [2053, 2084], 'Medium—Cell': [2054], 'lines': [2055], 'murine': [2057], 'subcutaneous': [2058], 'tissue-derived': [2060], 'L-fibroblasts': [2061], 'permanently': [2062], 'transfected': [2063], '(L-Wnt3a)': [2066], 'empty': [2069], 'vector': [2070], '(L)': [2071], 'obtained': [2073], 'American': [2075], 'Type': [2076], 'Culture': [2077], 'Collection': [2078], '(ATCC;': [2079], 'Manassas,': [2080], 'VA).': [2081], 'Control': [2082, 3969], 'media': [2085, 2338], 'prepared': [2087], 'Land': [2089], 'L-Wnt3a': [2090], 'cells,': [2091, 3772], 'respectively,': [2092], 'ATCC.': [2097], 'grown': [2101, 2618], "Dulbecco's": [2103], 'modified': [2104], "Eagle's": [2105], 'supplemented': [2108], 'calf': [2112], 'days,': [2116], 'collected,': [2122], 'filter-sterilized,': [2123], 'stored': [2125], '–70': [2127], '°C': [2128, 2206, 2211, 2217], 'until': [2129], 'use.': [2131], 'RT-PCR': [2132, 2235, 2278], 'Real-time': [2134, 2234], 'RT-PCR—Total': [2135], 'RNA': [2136, 2169], 'P2–4': [2149], 'NucleoSpin': [2151], '(Machery-Nagel,': [2152], 'Easton,': [2153], 'PA)': [2154], "manufacturer's": [2158, 2247], 'instructions.': [2159], 'First-strand': [2160], 'cDNA': [2161, 2263], 'synthesized': [2163], 'μg': [2166], 'total': [2168, 2293], 'incubating': [2171], 'h': [2174], '50°C': [2176], 'Superscript': [2178], 'III': [2179], 'transcriptase': [2181], 'oligo(dT)': [2184], 'priming.': [2185], 'sequences': [2187, 2267], 'primers': [2189, 2266], 'listed': [2193, 2269], 'Table': [2195, 2271], '1.': [2196], 'PCR': [2197, 2255], 'conducted': [2199], '20–30': [2201], 'cycles,': [2202], '94': [2205], '30': [2208, 2213, 2219], 's,': [2209, 2214], '60': [2210], '72': [2216], 's.': [2220], 'Ten': [2221], 'microliters': [2222], 'reaction': [2225], 'mixture': [2226], '2%': [2230], 'agarose': [2231], 'gel': [2232], 'electrophoresis.': [2233], 'carried': [2237], 'out': [2238], 'IQ': [2240], 'SYBR': [2241], 'Supermix': [2243], '(Bio-Rad)': [2244], 'instructions': [2248], 'Bio-Rad': [2251], 'iCycler': [2252], 'iQ5': [2253], 'real-time': [2254, 2280], 'system.': [2257, 3118], '18': [2258], 'S': [2259], 'normalization.': [2264], 'All': [2265], '1.TABLE': [2272], '1Mouse-specific': [2273], 'primer': [2274], 'pairs': [2275], 'RT-PCRGeneForward': [2281], 'PrimerReverse': [2282], 'primer11βHSD25′-TTTGGCAAGGAGACAGCTAA-3′5′-TTCTCCCAGAGGTTCACATT-3′11βHSD15′-AGTTTGCTCTGGATGGGTTC-3′5′-TGAGGTAAAGCCGATACAACC-3′SGK5′-GTTCTACCATCTCCAGAGGGA-3′5′-TGCCACAGAAGGTAGATGTTG-3′ALP5′-CCAGCAGGTTTCTCTCTTGG-3′5′-CTGGGAGTCTCATCCTGAGC-3′BSP5′-AAAGTGAAGGAAAGCGACGA-3′5′-TGAAACCCGTTCAGAAGGAC-3′Osteocalcin5′-CCTTCATGTCCAAGCAGGA-3′5′-TGCTGTGACATCCATACTTGC-3′Runx-25′-CCTGAACTCTGCACCAAG-TC-3′5′-CCCAGTTCTGAAGCACCTG-3′PPARγ5′-TTTTCCGAAGAACCATCCGAT-3′5′-ACAAATGGTGATTTGTCCGTTG-3′C/EBPα5′-GATAAAGCCAAACAACGCAACG-3′5′-CTAGAGATCCAGCGACCCGAA-3′Wnt10b5′-CATCTTTATCGATACCCACAACC-3′5′-CACATAACAGCACCAGTGGAA-3′Wnt7b5′-TCCAAGGTCAACGCAATG-3′5′-GGGAAGGGTGTCCTCAAATAG-3′TCF75′-AGCACACTTCGCAGAGACTTT-3′5′-GTGGACTGCTGAAATGTTCG-3′BMP25′-AGATGAACACAGCTGGTCACA-3′5′-GTTCAGGTGGTCAGCAAGG-3′BMP45′-TCAGAATCAGCCGATCGTT-3′5′-GCAGTAGAAGGCCTGGTAGC-3′SOST5′-ACCGCCTAGAAGAAGCTGTTT-3′5′-CAGTTTCCTCCAACGACCTT-3′GR5′-GTTCATGGCGTGAGTACCTC-3′5′-AGAGTTTGGGAGGTGGTCC-3′18': [2283], 'S5′-CATGATTAAGAGGGACGGC-3′5′-TTCAGCTTTGCAACCATACTC-3′': [2284], 'Open': [2285], 'table': [2286], 'new': [2289], 'tab': [2290], 'Western': [2291], 'Blotting—The': [2292], 'detected': [2300, 2818], '(15Young': [2303], 'C.S.': [2304], 'Kitamura': [2305], 'Hardy': [2307], 'S.': [2308, 2996, 3032, 4213, 4228], 'Kitajewski': [2309], 'Mol.': [2311, 4130], '1998;': [2314], '18:': [2315], '2474-2485Crossref': [2316], 'minor': [2321, 2898], 'modifications.': [2322], 'WT': [2330, 2615, 2642, 2664, 2696, 2703, 2823, 2894, 2938, 3054, 3073, 3091, 3194, 3227, 3266, 3286, 3308, 3335, 3399, 3655, 3669, 3693, 3732, 3741, 3761, 3784, 3797, 3812, 3824, 3871, 3889, 3896, 3917, 3930, 3945], '7': [2340, 3367, 3549, 3581], 'Total': [2342], 'lysates': [2349, 2416], 'lysis': [2351, 2413, 2461], 'buffer': [2352, 2467], '(1%': [2353], 'Triton': [2354], 'X-100,': [2355], '40': [2356], 'mm': [2357, 2360, 2469, 2472], 'KCl,': [2358], '25': [2359], 'Tris,': [2361, 2473], 'pH': [2362, 2474], '7.4,': [2363, 2475], 'protease': [2364, 2477], 'Roche': [2366], 'Applied': [2367], 'Science).': [2368], 'isolate': [2370], 'nuclear': [2371, 2446, 2482], 'extract': [2372], '(16van': [2373], 'den': [2374], 'Brink': [2375], 'G.R.': [2376], 'Bleuming': [2377], 'Hardwick': [2379], 'J.C.': [2380], 'Schepman': [2381], 'B.L.': [2382], 'Offerhaus': [2383], 'G.J.': [2384], 'Keller': [2385], 'J.J.': [2386], 'Nielsen': [2387], 'C.': [2388], 'Gaffield': [2389], 'van': [2391, 4056], 'Deventer': [2392], 'S.J.': [2393], 'Roberts': [2394], 'Peppelenbosch': [2396], 'M.P.': [2397], 'Nat.': [2398], 'Genet.': [2399, 4021], '36:': [2401], '277-282Crossref': [2402], 'lysed': [2410], 'ice-cold': [2412], 'buffer,': [2414, 2462], 'passed': [2418], '27-gauge': [2421], 'needle': [2422], 'centrifuged': [2424], '8000': [2426], 'g': [2428], 'min,': [2431], 'supernatant': [2434], 'recovered': [2436], 'fraction.': [2440], 'remaining': [2442], 'pellet': [2443], 'fraction': [2447], 'spun': [2449], 'additional': [2452], '15': [2453], '15,000': [2456], 'g,': [2458], 'washed': [2459], 'resuspended': [2464], 'sucrose': [2466], '(250': [2468], 'sucrose,': [2470], 'inhibitor).': [2478], 'Both': [2479], 'separated': [2485], 'SDS-PAGE': [2487], '(7.5%': [2488], 'polyacrylamide)': [2489], 'onto': [2492], 'nitrocellulose': [2493], 'filters.': [2494], 'filters': [2496], 'immunoblotted': [2498], 'anti-β-catenin': [2500], 'antibody': [2501, 2510, 2531], '(BD': [2502, 2511], '1:500': [2506], 'dilution': [2507, 2516], 'anti-β-actin': [2509], '1:2000': [2515], 'internal': [2519], 'control.': [2520], 'Protein': [2521], 'visualized': [2524], 'peroxidase-labeled': [2527], 'sheep': [2528], 'antimouse': [2529], 'secondary': [2530], 'enhanced': [2533], 'chemiluminescence': [2534], 'reagents': [2536], '(Amersham': [2537], 'exposure': [2541], 'x-ray': [2543], 'film.': [2544], 'Statistical': [2545], 'Analysis—Data': [2546], 'represented': [2548], 'means': [2551], '±': [2552, 2705, 2709], 'mean,': [2556], 'statistical': [2558], 'performed': [2561], "Student's": [2563], 't': [2564], 'test.': [2565], 'comparisons': [2568], 'p': [2570, 2579, 2711], 'value': [2571, 2580], 'adjusted': [2573], 'Bonferroni': [2576], 'method.': [2577], 'A': [2578, 2646, 2877], 'less': [2582], 'than': [2583], '0.05': [2584], 'considered': [2586], 'statistically': [2587], 'significant.': [2588], 'Osteoblast': [2589], 'Differentiation': [2590, 2595], 'Is': [2591, 2596, 2805], 'Inhibited,': [2592], 'Increased': [2597, 2844], 'littermates': [2616, 3656], '(see': [2622], '"Experimental': [2623], 'Procedures").': [2624], 'Cultures': [2625], 'exhibited': [2631], '60%': [2633], 'when': [2639, 2661], 'compared': [2640, 2662, 2694, 3306], '(Fig.': [2644, 2673, 2875, 3016, 3084, 3097, 3320, 3344, 3371, 3401, 3555, 3582, 3677, 3727, 3766, 3789, 3814, 3854, 3877, 3920], '1,': [2645, 3270], 'B).': [2648, 2879], 'cultures,': [2652, 2665, 2895, 3078, 3309, 3696], 'significant': [2654, 3860], 'numbers': [2658, 3698, 3905, 3911], 'few': [2670, 3565], 'formed': [2672, 3688, 3903], '1C).': [2674], 'content': [2679], 'found': [2683, 3658], 'least': [2687], 'higher': [2690], '(Oil': [2698], 'elution': [2701], 'A490:': [2702], '0.21': [2704], '0.01,': [2706], '0.47': [2708], '0.03,': [2710], '<': [2712], '0.001).': [2713], 'light': [2715], 'fact': [2718], 'exclusively': [2723], 'expressed': [2724, 2825, 2884, 2935], '11Sher': [2754], 'indicate': [2779, 3123, 3408], 'precursor': [2782, 3417, 3476, 3833], 'transgenic,': [2786], '11βHSD2-overexpressing': [2787], 'animals': [2788], 'experience': [2789], 'major': [2791, 2907], 'adipocyte.': [2799], 'Shift': [2801], 'Commitment': [2804], 'Due': [2806], 'Disrupted': [2808], 'Signaling': [2810, 3980], 'Mature': [2812], 'Osteoblasts—11βHSD2': [2813], 'neither': [2826, 3203], 'native': [2830, 2841], '(primers': [2833], 'could': [2835, 3106], 'detect': [2836], '11βHSD2).': [2843], 'day': [2854, 2857, 2901, 3269, 3292, 3390, 3569, 3580], '7;': [2858], 'finding': [2860, 3311], 'consistent': [2862, 3314], 'expected': [2865], 'culture': [2874, 3104, 3117, 3280, 3592], '2,': [2876, 3098], '11βHSD1': [2882, 2922, 3026], 'very': [2886, 3422], 'low': [2887, 3209], 'similarly': [2890, 2934], '7.': [2902], 'Thus,': [2903], 'animals,': [2917], 'not': [2924, 2944, 2949, 3025, 3232, 3397, 3663, 3706], 'regulated': [2925, 2945], '11βHSD2.': [2927, 3147], '(data': [2948, 3231, 3705], 'shown).': [2950, 3233, 3707], 'accompanied': [2957], 'decrease': [2961], 'glucocorticoid-induced': [2967], 'kinase,': [2968], '(17Chen': [2973], 'S.Y.': [2974], 'Bhargava': [2975], 'Mastroberardino': [2977], 'Meijer': [2979], 'O.C.': [2980], 'Buse': [2983], 'Firestone': [2985], 'G.L.': [2986], 'Verrey': [2987], 'Pearce': [2989], 'Proc.': [2991, 4208], 'Natl.': [2992, 4209], 'Acad.': [2993, 4210], 'Sci.': [2994, 4211], 'U.': [2995, 4212], '96:': [2999], '2514-2519Crossref': [3000], '(639)': [3003], 'indicating': [3006, 3271], 'attenuated': [3011], '2C).': [3017], 'Thiram,': [3018], 'dithiocarbamate': [3020], 'inhibits': [3022], '(18Atanasov': [3029], 'A.G.': [3030, 4125], 'Tam': [3031], 'Rocken': [3033], 'J.M.': [3034, 3630], 'Baker': [3035], 'M.E.': [3036], 'Odermatt': [3037], 'Biochem.': [3039], 'Biophys.': [3040], 'Commun.': [3042], '2003;': [3043], '308:': [3044], '257-262Crossref': [3045], '(81)': [3048], 'At': [3058], '10–10': [3062], 'm,': [3063], 'Thiram': [3064, 3079, 3086], 'increased': [3065, 3330, 3388], 'seen': [3071, 3887], 'dose-dependently': [3080], 'inhibited': [3081, 3215, 3803], '2F).': [3085], 'any': [3094, 3206], 'D–F).': [3099], 'Hence,': [3100], 'phenotype': [3105], 'completely': [3108], 'reversed': [3109], 'blocking': [3111], 'Taken': [3119], 'together,': [3120], 'due': [3138], 'overexpressing': [3146], 'Corticosterone': [3148], 'dexamethasone,': [3150], 'substrates': [3151], '(19Ferrari': [3154], 'Smith': [3156], 'R.E.': [3157], 'Funder': [3158], 'J.W.': [3159], 'Am.': [3162], 'Physiol.': [3164, 3633], '1996;': [3165, 3634], 'E900-E904PubMed': [3167], '20Woitge': [3170], 'H.': [3171, 3620, 4047, 4123], 'Ivkosic': [3174], 'B.': [3179], '142:': [3182], '1341-1348Crossref': [3183], '(28)': [3186], '10–10–10–7': [3199], 'm.': [3200], 'As': [3201], 'expected,': [3202], 'steroid': [3204], '(10–10–10–8': [3211], 'm),': [3212], 'high': [3221], '(10–7': [3223], 'm)': [3224], 'Transcription': [3234], 'Factors': [3235], 'Osteoblasts': [3237, 3968], 'Adipocytes': [3239], 'Are': [3240], 'Reciprocally': [3241], 'Regulated': [3242], 'Culture—mRNA': [3246], 'markers': [3250], '(alkaline': [3254], 'phosphatase,': [3255], 'sialoprotein,': [3257], 'osteocalcin)': [3259], 'similar': [3261, 3904, 3910, 3937], 'Col2.3–11β-HSD2': [3263], 'start': [3278, 3590], 'nearly': [3282], 'identical': [3283], 'markedly': [3301], 'inhibition': [3316], '3A).': [3321], 'Expression': [3322], 'osteoblast-associated': [3324], 'factors,': [3326, 3355], 'Runx2,': [3329], 'time': [3332], 'substantially': [3339], 'lower': [3340, 3362, 3701], '3,': [3345, 3402], 'B': [3346, 3403, 3679, 3768, 3856], 'C).': [3348, 3405, 3681, 3770], 'other': [3352], 'Twist2,': [3356], 'Dlx5,': [3357], 'Osterix,': [3359], 'also': [3361], '3D).': [3372], 'Conversely,': [3373], '(C/EBPα)': [3384], 'PPARγ': [3386], 'disrupting': [3410], 'affects': [3415], 'stage': [3424], 'promotes': [3426], 'differentiation.': [3428], 'We,': [3429], 'therefore,': [3430], 'hypothesized': [3431], 'existence': [3433], '"paracrine"': [3437], 'signal': [3438, 3547], 'between': [3439], 'influences': [3447], 'investigated': [3451], 'hypothesis': [3453], 'experiments.': [3458], 'Osteoblastic': [3459], 'Produce': [3461], 'Paracrine': [3462], 'Factor(s)': [3463], 'That': [3464], 'Promote': [3465], 'Osteoblastogenesis': [3466], 'Inhibit': [3468], 'Adipogenesis—To': [3469], 'define': [3470], 'representing': [3474], 'osteoblasts,': [3479, 3959], 'Calvarial': [3530], 'P1;': [3539], 'negative': [3543], 'induction': [3552], '4A).': [3556], 'later': [3560, 3609], 'digestions,': [3561], 'P3–4,': [3563], 'showed': [3564], 'numerous': [3572], 'differentiating': [3574], 'GFP-positive,': [3576], '4A)': [3583], 'confirm': [3586], 'induction,': [3593], 'mainly': [3595], 'contains': [3596], 'precursors,': [3599], 'whereas': [3600], 'P3–4': [3601, 3686, 3714, 3729, 3749, 3808, 3842, 3890, 3918], 'rich': [3603], 'committed': [3605], 'precursors': [3607], '(21Suda': [3613], 'Gillespie': [3615], 'M.T.': [3616], 'Traianedes': [3617], 'Zhou': [3619], 'Ho': [3621], 'P.W.': [3622], 'Hards': [3623], 'D.K.': [3624], 'Allan': [3625], 'E.H.': [3626], 'Martin': [3627, 4161], 'T.J.': [3628, 4162], 'Moseley': [3629], '166:': [3635], '94-104Crossref': [3636], '(104)': [3639], 'did': [3662], 'form': [3664], 'either': [3668, 3760, 3956], '4,': [3678, 3767, 3855, 3921], 'many': [3689], 'although': [3697, 3879], 'significantly': [3700], 'co-cultured': [3712], 'genotype': [3721], 'seeded': [3722], '4B).': [3728], 'induced': [3734, 3915], 'failed': [3754, 3849], 'without': [3773], 'co-culture,': [3774], 'readily': [3775], 'comparable': [3780], '4D).': [3790, 3815], 'co-cultures,': [3793], 'about': [3805], '90%': [3806], 'clearly': [3818], 'produce': [3826], 'soluble': [3827], 'factor(s)': [3828], 'act': [3830], 'promote': [3836, 4189], 'inhibit': [3839, 4192], 'Although': [3841], 'Col2.3–11β': [3845], 'C),': [3858], '4D),': [3878], 'relative': [3884], 'alone': [3902], 'C': [3922], 'D).': [3924], 'again': [3926], 'suggests': [3927], 'consisted': [3935], 'depending': [3960], 'strength': [3963], 'signals': [3966], 'received.': [3967], 'Fate': [3971], 'Their': [3973], 'Precursors': [3975], 'via': [3976], 'Canonical': [3978], 'Pathway—The': [3981], 'family': [3983], 'consists': [3984], 'large': [3987], 'glycoprotein-signaling': [3991], 'molecules': [3992], 'involved': [3995], '(22Cadigan': [4000], 'K.M.': [4001], 'Nusse': [4002], 'Genes': [4004], '11:': [4007], '3286-3305Crossref': [4008], '(2228)': [4011], '23Moon': [4014], 'R.T.': [4015], 'Brown': [4016], 'J.D.': [4017], 'Torres': [4018], 'Trends': [4020], '13:': [4023], '157-162Abstract': [4024], '(546)': [4030], 'plays': [4034], 'important': [4036], '(24Gaur': [4042], 'Lengner': [4044], 'C.J.': [4045], 'Hovhannisyan': [4046], 'Bhat': [4048], 'R.A.': [4049], 'Bodine': [4050], 'P.V.': [4051], 'Komm': [4052], 'B.S.': [4053], 'Javed': [4054], 'Wijnen': [4057], 'A.J.': [4058], 'Stein': [4059, 4061], 'J.L.': [4060], 'G.S.': [4062], 'Lian': [4063], 'J.B.': [4064], '33132-33140Abstract': [4070], '(916)': [4078], '25Day': [4081], 'T.F.': [4082, 4203], 'Guo': [4083], 'X.': [4084, 4119, 4121, 4148], 'Garrett-Beal': [4085], '8:': [4092], '739-750Abstract': [4093], '(1346)': [4101], '26Si': [4104], 'Kang': [4106, 4227], 'Q.': [4107, 4113, 4146], 'Luu': [4108], 'H.H.': [4109], 'Park': [4110], 'J.K.': [4111], 'Luo': [4112, 4118], 'Song': [4114], 'W.X.': [4115], 'Jiang': [4116], 'Li': [4120], 'Yin': [4122], 'Montag': [4124], 'Haydon': [4126], 'R.C.': [4127], 'He': [4128], 'T.C.': [4129], '26:': [4134], '2955-2964Crossref': [4135], '(239)': [4138], '27Kulkarni': [4141], 'N.H.': [4142], 'Onyia': [4143], 'J.E.': [4144], 'Zeng': [4145], 'Tian': [4147], 'Halladay': [4151], 'D.L.': [4152], 'Frolik': [4153], 'Engler': [4155], 'Wei': [4157], 'Kriauciunas': [4159], 'Sato': [4163], 'Bryant': [4165], 'H.U.': [4166], 'Ma': [4167], 'Y.L.': [4168], '21:': [4174], '910-920Crossref': [4175], '(168)': [4178], 'particular,': [4182], 'recently': [4185], 'reported': [4187], '(28Bennett': [4194], 'C.N.': [4195], 'Longo': [4196], 'K.A.': [4197, 4224], 'Wright': [4198, 4225], 'W.S.': [4199, 4226], 'Suva': [4200], 'L.J.': [4201], 'Lane': [4202], 'Hankenson': [4204], 'K.D.': [4205], 'MacDougald': [4206], 'O.A.': [4207], '102:': [4216], '3324-3329Crossref': [4217], '(730)': [4220], '29Longo': [4223], 'Gerin': [4229], 'Chiang': [4231], 'Lucas': [4233], 'P.C.': [4234], 'Opp': [4235], 'M.R.': [4236]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002481407', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 19}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T00:48:23.124230', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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