Publication Information

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1019, 1164, 1248, 1393, 1429, 1581, 2228, 2243, 2663, 2703, 2799, 3355, 3538, 3993], 'environment,': [223, 287, 1782, 1815, 1870, 1918, 2035, 2440, 2771, 3323], 'population': [224, 372, 978, 1031, 1810, 3046, 3063, 3300, 3326, 3886, 3933, 4272], 'size': [225, 373, 1032, 1470, 1684, 3064, 3327, 3430, 3433], 'cost': [228, 480, 1029, 1284, 1926, 1956, 1971, 2025, 2055, 2068, 2191, 2373, 2388, 2412, 2530, 2558, 2889, 3225, 3332, 3531], 'were': [229, 236, 1005, 1438, 1446, 1668], 'also': [230, 299, 754, 829, 839, 1034, 1240, 2814, 3307], 'analysed.': [231], '2': [232, 2230, 2232, 2366, 2667, 3000], 'simulation': [234, 994, 1150, 1891, 1903], 'models': [235, 519, 607, 995, 1038, 3244, 3359, 3371], 'designed': [237, 1066, 2234], 'basis': [240], 'life': [243, 871, 999, 1093, 1635, 1653, 3365], 'history': [244, 1000, 1094, 3366, 3427], 'Pieris': [246, 760, 3440, 3443, 3643, 3702, 3760, 3819, 3890, 3937, 4087, 4119, 4148, 4171, 4190, 4220, 4246], 'rapae': [247, 761, 785, 881, 889, 927, 982, 1003, 1097, 1450, 3444, 3644, 3703, 4088, 4120, 4149, 4172, 4191, 4221, 4247], 'crucivora,': [248, 762, 928, 4089, 4248], 'in': [249, 263, 304, 363, 443, 450, 492, 541, 561, 584, 644, 750, 790, 859, 869, 1077, 1084, 1107, 1121, 1145, 1154, 1212, 1227, 1243, 1261, 1422, 1457, 1576, 1624, 1636, 1654, 1674, 1881, 1992, 2005, 2030, 2087, 2153, 2166, 2196, 2213, 2278, 2352, 2395, 2436, 2460, 2479, 2492, 2535, 2597, 2643, 2665, 2680, 2733, 2768, 2832, 2843, 2867, 2904, 2916, 2998, 3079, 3104, 3153, 3165, 3205, 3242, 3258, 3263, 3285, 3320, 3406, 3436, 3505, 3583, 3642, 3669, 3723, 3787, 3815, 3844, 3900, 3947, 3953, 3958, 4014, 4034, 4080, 4093, 4141, 4170, 4216, 4254, 4274], 'which': [250, 1373, 2299], 'female': [251, 309, 562, 1546, 2045, 2077, 2254, 2272, 2290, 2330, 2423, 2669, 2811, 2924, 3111, 3157, 3273, 3465, 3632, 3866], 'butterflies': [252, 261, 965, 1174, 1187, 1667, 4054], 'disperse': [253, 448, 1106, 1166, 1980, 2284, 2775, 2850, 2866, 2989, 3005, 3180, 3193, 3290], 'among': [254, 419, 3095], 'local': [255, 371, 506, 662, 684, 1116, 2022, 2184, 2377, 2523, 2764, 3096], 'habitats': [256, 613, 685, 934, 940, 1117, 1159, 1230, 1245, 1788, 2444, 2724, 2746, 2765, 2825, 2834, 3122, 3729, 3908], 'after': [257, 313, 526, 676, 1048, 1220, 1246, 1392, 1428, 1697, 1938, 2269, 2455, 2514, 2553, 2623, 2636, 2673, 2798, 2879, 3006, 3020, 3202], 'although': [259, 827, 2923], 'male': [260, 1630, 1647, 1666, 1724, 2114, 2562, 2911, 3108, 3152, 3425, 3640, 3671, 3864, 4031], 'remain': [262, 643, 3284], 'natal': [265, 544, 586, 792, 823, 861, 1086, 1214, 1247, 1312, 1424, 1578, 1596, 2280, 2906, 3287, 3557, 4168], 'habitat.': [266, 1170, 1317, 1597, 1626, 1657, 1751, 2281, 2907], 'In': [267, 358, 422, 703, 737, 783, 989, 1020, 1249, 1430, 1538, 1570, 1812, 1846, 1867, 1915, 1976, 2032, 2367, 2648, 2718, 2759, 2781, 2800, 2981, 3059], 'first': [269, 342, 1883, 3340], 'model,': [270, 1251, 1572], 'where': [271, 308, 534, 672, 2223, 2464, 2605, 2651, 2668, 2722, 2793, 2803, 2870, 3001], 'females': [272, 430, 499, 573, 795, 1081, 1208, 1223, 1452, 1464, 1507, 1529, 1556, 1566, 1573, 1641, 1856, 1979, 2003, 2164, 2224, 2283, 2490, 2570, 2634, 2652, 2738, 2772, 2794, 2804, 2847, 2903, 2968, 3002, 3014, 3177, 4142], 'always': [273, 311, 642, 970, 1082, 1574, 2225, 2267, 2653, 2671], 'copulate': [274, 312, 789, 1083, 1453, 1575, 1671, 2226, 2260, 2274, 2635, 2654, 2672, 2901], 'before': [275, 537, 590, 1046, 1515, 1580, 1695, 2227, 2261, 2545, 2655, 2796], 'dispersal,': [276, 2270, 2637, 2656], 'female-biased': [280, 2221, 2662, 2702, 3213, 3313], 'was': [282, 289, 513, 753, 1033, 1050, 3404], 'facilitated': [283], 'but': [288, 1216, 2253], 'suppressed': [290, 300], 'stable': [293, 610, 645, 1781, 1917, 3145, 3584, 3782], 'environment.': [294, 916, 988, 2007, 2168, 2494, 2646, 2683, 3146, 3793], 'However,': [295, 638, 852, 937, 1462, 1985, 2429, 2664, 2955, 3156], 'second': [306, 1517], 'model': [307, 1913, 2245, 2251, 2365, 2368, 2603, 2649, 2666, 2782, 2801, 2868, 2921, 2984, 2999, 3170, 3210, 3268, 3303], 'dispersers': [310, 522, 535, 582, 1239, 2255, 2266, 2670], 'Thus,': [315, 728, 876, 980, 2216, 2631, 2842, 3010, 3312], 'interaction': [317, 2688, 2705], 'between': [318, 2593, 2628, 2689, 4210], 'is': [326, 340, 382, 417, 427, 439, 509, 551, 556, 564, 594, 625, 665, 724, 763, 815, 883, 908, 962, 1065, 1112, 1131, 1138, 1255, 1273, 1278, 1331, 1339, 1354, 1363, 1390, 1401, 1530, 1562, 1585, 1602, 1659, 1685, 1716, 1743, 1758, 1789, 1822, 1830, 1892, 1904, 1951, 1957, 1966, 1972, 2017, 2026, 2040, 2063, 2069, 2097, 2110, 2124, 2132, 2143, 2178, 2192, 2233, 2246, 2321, 2350, 2384, 2389, 2406, 2413, 2418, 2517, 2531, 2596, 2612, 2696, 2706, 2731, 2890, 2893, 2913, 2926, 2933, 2938, 2979, 3055, 3076, 3115, 3129, 3149, 3159, 3197, 3215, 3238, 3261, 3271, 3275, 3315, 3328, 3333, 3338, 3602], 'sufficient': [328], 'condition': [329, 682], '3': [336], 'report': [343, 3341], 'reveal': [345, 3343], 'important': [347, 3345], 'addition,': [359, 3060], 'sexual': [361, 490, 2138, 2607, 2709, 3256], 'difference': [362, 491, 749, 1076, 2139, 2608, 3257], 'increased': [366, 1286], 'increase': [369, 1934, 2831], 'decrease': [376, 2581], 'cost.': [379, 2780], 'Introduction': [380], 'Dispersal': [381, 3480, 3582, 3842], 'an': [383, 669, 909, 985, 1265, 1282, 1386, 1409, 1419, 1737, 1740, 1886, 3724], 'adaptive': [384, 552], 'behaviour': [385, 1137, 1548], 'avoid': [387], 'inbreeding': [388, 475, 554, 3533], 'depression': [389, 476, 555], '(Crespi': [390], '&': [391, 432, 485, 619, 635, 849, 954, 1489, 1493, 1522, 1678, 2752, 2756, 3248, 3419, 3458, 3476, 3552, 3578, 3625, 3657, 3685, 3716, 3752, 3777, 3805, 3838, 3981, 4049, 4237, 4266], 'Taylor': [392], '1990),': [393], 'kin': [394, 493, 3049], 'competition': [395, 508, 3050], '(for': [396, 614], 'example': [397], 'see': [398], 'Kaitala': [399, 1488], 'et': [400, 410, 700, 835, 1483, 1558, 2839], 'al.': [401, 411, 701, 836, 1484, 1559, 2840], '1989)': [402], 'risk': [404, 2750, 2876, 2961, 2997, 3196], 'due': [405], '(Levin': [409, 699, 2838], '1984;': [412], 'Roff': [413], '1994).': [414, 679], 'Sex-biased': [415], 'common': [418], 'dispersing': [420], 'species.': [421], 'monogamous': [423, 444], 'birds': [424], 'biased': [428, 442, 514, 885], '(Greenwood': [431], 'Harvey': [433], '1982).': [434, 456, 905], 'Among': [435, 577], 'mammals,': [436], 'not': [440, 530, 626, 969, 1945, 2041, 2257, 2286, 2446, 2591, 2626, 2641, 2678, 2863, 3004, 3013, 3190, 3603], 'sexually': [441], 'species,': [445, 579], 'whereas': [446, 2271, 3187, 3282], 'males': [447, 800, 853, 1535, 1540, 1588, 1609, 1622, 1662, 1854, 2000, 2161, 2487, 2861, 2896, 2986, 3188, 3283, 4059], 'mainly': [449], 'polygamous': [451], 'promiscuous': [453], 'species': [454, 903], '(Dobson': [455], 'Several': [457], 'theoretical': [458, 518], 'studies': [459, 3887, 3934], 'discussed': [461, 2950], 'evolutionary': [463, 1056], 'process': [464, 1057], 'Gandon': [468, 616, 3305], '(1999)': [469, 3306, 3461, 3527], 'concluded': [470], 'low': [472, 478, 1924, 2556], 'relatedness,': [473], 'high': [474, 566, 2371, 2726, 3279, 3380], 'facilitate': [481], 'Perrin': [484, 618, 3247], 'Mazalov': [486, 620, 3249], '(2000)': [487, 3984], 'noticed': [488], 'competition,': [494, 3529, 3986], 'demonstrated': [496], 'when': [498, 553, 558, 571, 1080, 1463, 1894, 1947, 1962, 2127, 2632, 2777, 2887, 2935, 2976, 3099, 3325], 'cannot': [500, 574, 641, 2434], 'exhaust': [501], 'resources': [502, 673], 'consequently': [504, 1933], 'resource': [507], 'weak,': [510], 'males.': [516, 1984], 'Those': [517], 'assume': [520], 'mate': [523, 536, 583, 3810], 'reproduce': [525, 540, 589, 1104, 2268, 2806], 'emigration.': [527, 591], 'They': [528], 'do': [529, 3003], 'consider': [531], 'mating': [532, 1552, 1583, 1600, 2872, 3426, 3813], 'systems': [533], 'emigration': [538, 714, 2262, 2302, 2319, 2567, 2583, 2812, 2820, 3041, 3119, 3234], 'both': [542, 787, 1405, 2325, 2347, 3154], 'habitat': [545, 587, 671, 813, 824, 1178, 1182, 1191, 1195, 1267, 1313, 1425, 1579, 1638, 1821, 1861, 1880, 3106, 3288, 3962, 4169], 'destination.': [548], 'Post-dispersal': [549], 'strong,': [557], 'sperm': [559, 3463], 'mortality': [560, 1287], 'organs': [563], 'too': [565], 'long': [568, 2735], 'pregnant': [572], 'migrate': [575], 'effectively.': [576], 'some': [578, 2633, 2741, 2827], 'however,': [580, 709], 'Therefore,': [592, 1525, 2136, 2619, 3204], 'it': [593, 967, 2730, 2892], 'worthwhile': [595], 'analysing': [596], 'how': [597, 1069, 2237], 'influences': [600, 733, 1073, 2240], 'Some': [606], 'assumed': [609, 1039, 1132, 1256, 1301, 1332, 1563, 1660], 'homogeneous': [612, 647], 'example,': [615, 1172, 1408, 2328], '1999;': [617, 3246], '2000),': [621], 'as': [622, 977, 1141, 1643, 1645, 2250, 2441, 2940, 2949], 'strategy': [633, 2792], '(Hamilton': [634], 'May': [636], '1977).': [637], 'wild': [639], 'animals': [640], 'habitats.': [648, 1087, 2885, 3585], 'Their': [649], 'environments': [650], 'fluctuate': [651], 'spatially': [652, 3791], 'temporally.': [654], 'When': [655, 680, 1752, 2058, 2379, 2401, 2547], 'temporal': [656, 707, 729], 'fluctuation': [657, 730, 745], 'causes': [658, 2374, 3065], 'extinction': [660, 677, 2375, 2513], 'populations,': [663], 'advantageous': [666, 2732, 2894, 3116], 'recolonize': [668], 'empty': [670], 'revived': [675], '(Roff': [678], 'fluctuates': [686], 'independently': [687], 'temporally,': [689], 'offspring': [690, 1719], 'different': [693, 1337, 1343, 2357, 2824, 2884], 'populations': [694, 720, 723, 2185, 2392, 2431, 2452, 2524, 2543, 2549], 'increases': [695, 1618, 2565, 3039, 3051, 3088, 3232], 'long-term': [697], 'fitness': [698], '1984).': [702, 2841], 'absence': [705], 'fluctuation,': [708], 'spatial': [710], 'heterozygosity': [711], 'decreases': [712], 'rate,': [715, 1322], 'because': [716, 966, 1665, 2763, 3117, 3194, 3272], 'from': [718, 821, 1235, 1310, 1441, 1471, 1587, 1736, 1772], 'source': [719, 2723, 2745], 'sink': [722, 3728], 'disadvantageous': [725], '(Hastings': [726], '1983).': [727], 'has': [731, 1370, 1412, 2296, 2332, 3022], 'strong': [732], 'strategy.': [736, 3029], 'study,': [740, 992], 'environmental': [744, 958], 'sex': [748, 1075, 1707, 1714, 1776, 1888, 3069, 3073, 3086, 3128, 4164, 4211], 'examined.': [755], 'cabbage': [757, 3672, 4117, 4146, 4188], 'white': [758], 'butterfly,': [759], 'suitable': [765, 1244, 3374], 'animal': [766], 'discussing': [768], 'P.': [784, 880, 888, 926, 981, 1002, 1096, 1449, 3368, 3892, 3894, 3897, 3939, 3941, 3944, 4224, 4251], 'crucivora': [786, 882, 890, 983, 1004, 1098, 1451, 4121, 4150, 4192, 4222], 'sexes': [788, 1338, 2348], 'habitat,': [793, 862, 1766, 2810], 'emigrate': [796], 'frequently': [798, 943, 1226, 1644], 'than': [799, 817, 901, 1232, 1760, 1983, 2083, 2099, 2103, 2209, 2971], '(Ohsaki': [801, 825, 872, 904], '1980;': [802, 873], 'Yamamoto': [803, 1521], '1981).': [804], 'Female': [805, 1238, 2265, 3809, 4053], 'emigrants': [806], 'colonize': [807], 'oviposit': [809, 1497, 2276, 2795], 'explosively': [810, 1498], 'at': [811, 1177, 1190, 1304, 1725, 1825, 1885, 2043, 2075, 2112, 2337, 2421, 2615, 2807, 2883, 4166], 'km': [819, 1234], 'distant': [820], '1980),': [826], 'they': [828, 1473], 'deposit': [830], 'eggs': [831, 897, 1694, 1757, 1773, 4243], 'during': [832, 1499], '(Jones': [834], '1980).': [837, 875], 'Males': [838], 'fly': [840], 'actively': [841], 'search': [843, 2898], 'mates': [845, 3500], '(Yamamoto': [846], '1983;': [847], 'Hirota': [848], 'Obara': [850], '2000a,b).': [851], 'spend': [854, 1623], 'their': [857, 870, 1213, 1236, 1512, 1693, 2871, 2991, 3195], 'time': [858, 1543, 1621, 3609, 3637], 'rarely': [864, 1210], 'leave': [865], 'there': [866], 'until': [867], 'late': [868, 3291], 'Suzuki': [874], 'highly': [884], 'females.': [887, 1367], 'reproduces': [891], 'larger': [893, 2148, 2616, 3219, 3262, 3299], 'number': [894, 1731, 1755, 1852], 'smaller': [896, 3031], 'disperses': [899, 2336], 'longer': [900], 'congeneric': [902], 'This': [906, 2090, 2244, 2294, 2595, 2704, 2931, 3147, 3237, 3270, 3402], 'butterfly': [907, 1742, 3818, 3868, 4086], 'r-strategist': [910], 'adaptation': [912], 'While': [917], 'spontaneous': [918], 'crucifers': [919], 'essential': [922], 'food': [923], 'plants': [924], 'cruciferous': [929], 'crops': [930], 'generate': [931], 'large': [932, 3329], 'patchy': [933, 3845, 3907], '(Ejima': [935], '1987).': [936], 'those': [938, 1986], 'farm': [939], 'disturbed': [942], 'early': [945, 2397, 3036, 3140], 'harvesting,': [946], 'pesticide-spraying': [947], 'change': [950, 959], 'crop': [952], '(Yoshimura': [953, 2751], 'Jansen': [955, 2753, 2755], '1996).': [956, 1680], 'farmers': [961], 'unpredictable': [963, 986], 'does': [968, 1944, 2590, 2640, 2677], 'depend': [971], 'ecological': [974], 'factors,': [975, 1024], 'such': [976], 'density.': [979, 3485], 'experiences': [984], 'based': [996], 'built': [1006], 'analyse': [1008], 'addition': [1021], 'these': [1023, 3370], 'evaluated.': [1035], 'allocation': [1042, 3662], 'reproductive': [1044, 1290, 1513, 1591, 1936, 2621, 2742, 3665, 3869, 4062, 4112], 'efforts': [1045, 1592, 1937, 2622], 'determined': [1051, 1274, 1340, 3077], 'genetically,': [1052], 'simulated': [1054, 1102, 2351], 'timing.': [1060, 1614, 1703], 'Model': [1061, 1063, 2229, 2231], 'evaluate': [1068, 1293, 1806, 2236], 'timing': [1079, 1335, 1400, 1931, 2096, 2142, 2345, 2611, 2788, 2966, 3230, 3260], 'Individuals': [1088, 1394], 'similar': [1092], '(Fig.': [1099, 1127, 1268, 1940, 2056, 2118, 2263, 2399, 2427, 2471, 2571, 2929, 3008, 3172], '1)': [1100], 'meta-population.': [1109], 'meta-population': [1111], 'comprised': [1113], '16': [1115], 'arranged': [1120], '4': [1123, 1125], '×': [1124], 'array': [1126], '2).': [1128, 1269], 'generation': [1130, 1884, 2398, 3956], 'be': [1134, 1258, 1688, 1723, 3373], 'discrete.': [1135], 'Each': [1136, 1368, 1890], 'accounted': [1139], 'follows.': [1142], 'Figure': [1143, 1152, 1990, 2151, 2477], '1Open': [1144], 'figure': [1146, 1155, 1993, 2154, 2480], 'viewerPowerPoint': [1147, 1156, 1994, 2155, 2481], 'Flowchart': [1148], 'models.': [1151, 3082, 3155, 3610], '2Open': [1153], 'Location': [1157], 'examples': [1162], 'Butterflies': [1165], 'next': [1169, 1316], 'For': [1171, 1407, 2327, 3044, 3251], 'who': [1175, 1188, 1631, 1648], 'emerge': [1176, 1189, 3103], 'A': [1179, 3030], 'move': [1180, 1193], 'B': [1183], 'or': [1184, 1199, 1288, 1383, 1842, 1959, 1974, 2134, 2285, 2310, 2408, 2415, 3012, 3110, 3123, 3289], 'C.': [1185, 3421, 3807], 'D': [1192], 'E,': [1196], 'F,': [1197], 'G': [1198], 'H.': [1200], 'Ohsaki': [1202], '(1980)': [1203, 3755, 3884, 4162], 'reported': [1204], 'newly': [1206], 'emerged': [1207], 'recaptured': [1211, 1225], 'habitats,': [1215], 'few': [1218], 'days': [1219, 1479], 'eclosion': [1221], 'marked': [1222], 'same': [1229, 1656, 1851, 2249, 3310, 3902, 3949], 'birthplaces.': [1237], 'become': [1241], 'philopatric': [1242], 'therefore,': [1252], 'performed': [1259], 'once': [1260], 'lifetime': [1263, 1421], 'towards': [1264], 'adjacent': [1266], 'direction': [1272], 'randomly.': [1275], 'likely': [1279], 'cause': [1281], 'additional': [1283], 'reduced': [1289, 4061], 'output.': [1291, 4063], 'To': [1292], 'cost,': [1298, 3254, 3281, 3296], 'individuals': [1299, 1348, 1733, 1768, 1871, 2314, 3075], 'die': [1303], 'constant': [1306, 1790, 2006], 'rate': [1307, 2029, 2195, 2320, 2534, 2568, 3042, 3235], 'Four': [1318], 'kinds': [1319, 1795, 1837], 'death': [1321, 2028, 2194, 2533], '0·00,': [1323], '0·25,': [1324], '0·50': [1325], '0·75,': [1327, 2070, 2390], 'considered.': [1329, 1845], 'It': [1330, 1345, 1503, 1561, 1658, 2448, 2684, 2908, 3133], 'loci.': [1344, 1351], 'follows': [1346, 1504, 2449, 2685, 2909, 3134], 'two': [1350, 1895, 3396, 3437, 4217], 'One': [1352], 'locus': [1353, 1362, 1369, 2048, 2080, 2117, 2295, 2426], 'expressed': [1355, 1364, 1398, 1706, 2047, 2079, 2116, 2292, 2318, 2425], 'only': [1356, 1365, 2277, 2808, 3109], 'males,': [1358, 1472, 2974], 'other': [1361, 1977, 2107, 2859, 3121, 3127], 'six': [1371, 1442, 2297], 'alleles,': [1372, 2298], 'code': [1374, 2300], 'tactics': [1376], '0,': [1378, 2305], '20,': [1379, 2306, 4068], '40,': [1380, 2307], '60,': [1381, 2308], '80': [1382, 2309], '100%': [1384], 'adult': [1387, 1420, 1741], 'lifetime,': [1388], 'respectively,': [1389], 'spent': [1391], 'diploid.': [1396], 'mean': [1403, 1873, 2060, 2129, 2180, 2323, 2381, 2403, 2519], 'alleles.': [1406, 1443, 2015, 2176, 2326, 2502], 'individual': [1410, 1437], 'allele-20': [1413, 2074, 2205, 2333], 'allele-40': [1415, 2335], 'spends': [1416, 1649], '70%': [1417], '30%': [1427], 'initial': [1432, 1848], 'condition,': [1433, 1849], 'alleles': [1434], 'each': [1436, 1750, 1820, 1860, 1879, 1909], 'selected': [1439, 1586, 1603, 1770, 2914, 2927, 3056], 'randomly': [1440, 1771, 1824], 'No': [1444], 'mutations': [1445], 'developed.': [1447], 'twice': [1454, 1642], 'average': [1456], 'field': [1459], '(Suzuki': [1460, 1519], '1979).': [1461, 1524], 'receive': [1465], 'spermatophore': [1467], 'normal': [1469], 'refuse': [1474], 'another': [1475], 'several': [1478], '(Sugawara': [1480], '1979;': [1481], 'Rutowski': [1482], '1987;': [1485], 'Oberhauser': [1486], '1989;': [1487], 'Wiklund': [1490, 1679], '1995;': [1491], 'Cook': [1492], 'Wedell': [1494], '1999).': [1495, 3058], 'Females': [1496, 1691], 'refractory': [1501], 'period.': [1502], 'invest': [1508, 1590], 'majority': [1510], 'output': [1514, 2743], '1978;': [1520], 'Ohtani': [1523], 'virgin': [1528, 1555], 'valuable': [1533], '(Rutowski': [1536], '1991).': [1537], 'fact,': [1539], 'optimize': [1541], 'schedule': [1544, 3638], 'searching': [1547], 'maximize': [1550], 'frequency': [1553, 1998, 2012, 2159, 2173, 2485, 2499, 2511, 4140], '(Hirota': [1557], '2001).': [1560], 'therefore': [1564], 'functionally': [1568], 'monogamous.': [1569], 'partner': [1584, 1601], 'females’': [1595, 2582, 3200], 'Although': [1598, 3356], 'randomly,': [1604], 'competitive': [1606, 1616], 'weight': [1607, 1617], 'depends': [1610, 2287], 'That': [1627], 'is,': [1628], 'stays': [1632], 'throughout': [1633], 'his': [1634, 1652], 'will': [1639], 'encounter': [1640], 'half': [1650], 'polygamous,': [1664], 'observed': [1669], 'multiple': [1672], 'times': [1673, 1907], 'day': [1676], '(Bissoondath': [1677], 'oviposition': [1681, 2882], 'clutch': [1683], 'set': [1686, 1721, 1823], 'hundred.': [1690], 'allocate': [1692, 2740], 'according': [1699, 3362], 'Two': [1704], 'specifically': [1705, 2046, 2078, 2115, 2291, 2424], 'loci': [1708, 1896], 'segregated': [1710], 'independently.': [1711], 'birth': [1713], 'ratio': [1715, 3087, 4165, 4212], 'even,': [1717], 'probability': [1727, 2339], '0·5.': [1729], 'develop': [1735], 'egg': [1738], 'into': [1739, 1859], 'limited': [1744], 'carrying': [1747, 1762, 1784, 1797, 1817, 1865, 1874, 1921, 1949, 1964, 2019, 2051, 2061, 2130, 2149, 2181, 2358, 2382, 2404, 2466, 2520, 2574, 2588, 2617, 2936, 2942, 2977, 3032, 3137, 3163, 3220], 'capacity': [1748, 1763, 1785, 1818, 1875, 1922, 1950, 1965, 2020, 2052, 2062, 2131, 2182, 2383, 2405, 2467, 2521, 2575, 2589, 2937, 2943, 2978, 3033, 3138, 3164], 'total': [1754], 'regardless': [1774, 2049, 3292], 'genotype.': [1778], 'Under': [1779], 'all': [1787, 1792, 2088, 2214, 2391, 2451, 2542], 'over': [1791], 'generations.': [1793, 1835], 'Three': [1794, 1836], 'capacities,': [1798], '10,': [1799, 3449], '50': [1800, 1952, 2133, 2407], '100,': [1802], 'considered': [1804], 'size.': [1811, 3301], 'certain': [1827], 'range': [1828], 'changed': [1831], 'alternation': [1833], 'range,': [1839], '0–20,': [1840], '0–100': [1841], '0–200,': [1843], 'allocated': [1858, 1877], 'reach': [1863], 'capacity.': [1866, 2150, 2618, 3221], 'even': [1887, 2776, 2975, 3142], 'ratio.': [1889], 'terminated': [1893], 'fixed.': [1901], 'replicated': [1905], '20': [1906], 'condition.': [1910], 'results': [1911, 2363], 'small': [1920, 2941, 3062, 3136, 4116, 4145], 'bring': [1927], 'forward': [1928, 2560, 2963, 3227], '3).': [1941], 'evolve': [1946, 2642, 2679], '0·5': [1958, 2414], '10': [1967, 2084, 2210, 2385], '0·25': [1973], 'more.': [1975, 2135], 'conditions,': [1978], 'slightly': [1981, 2580, 2969], 'earlier': [1982], 'differences': [1987, 2710], 'small.': [1989, 2980], '3Open': [1991], 'resultant': [1996, 2157, 2483], 'allele': [1997, 2158, 2484], '(left)': [2001, 2162, 2488], '(right)': [2004, 2165, 2491], 'Circle': [2008, 2169, 2495], 'sizes': [2009, 2170, 2496], 'represent': [2010, 2171, 2497], 'fixed': [2014, 2042, 2111, 2175, 2420, 2501], 'K': [2016, 2177, 2516], 'populations.': [2023, 2378, 3097], 'dispersion.': [2031, 2197, 2536], 'non-dispersal': [2037], 'strategy,': [2038], 'allele-0,': [2039], '4).': [2057, 2119, 2930, 3173], '100': [2064], 'allele-0': [2071, 2109, 2123, 2203, 2417, 2459], 'coexists': [2072], '000': [2085], 'generations': [2086, 2212], 'trials.': [2089, 2215], 'suggests': [2091], 'optimal': [2094], '0': [2100], 'less': [2102], '20.': [2104], 'On': [2105, 2857], 'hand,': [2108, 2860], 'fixation': [2121, 2457], 'frequent,': [2125], 'especially': [2126, 2145, 2614, 3297, 3324], 'large,': [2144, 2613], '4Open': [2152], 'range.': [2189, 2528], 'asterisk': [2199, 2538], '(*)': [2200, 2539], 'shows': [2201, 2540], 'coexist': [2206], 'thousand': [2211], 'facilitates': [2220, 2660, 2944, 3034, 3139], 'basically': [2247], '1,': [2252, 2604, 2650, 2922, 2985, 3211], 'allowed': [2258], '1).': [2264], 'non-dispersers': [2273, 2433], 'Whether': [2282], 'locus.': [2293], 'rates': [2303, 3481], '100%,': [2311], 'respectively.': [2312], 'Because': [2313], 'diploid,': [2316], '30%.': [2341], 'How': [2342], 'evolves': [2349], 'capacities': [2359], 'costs.': [2362], '2,': [2369, 2802], 'became': [2393, 2453], 'extinct': [2394, 2454], '5).': [2400, 2428, 2572, 3009], 'more,': [2416], 'sometimes': [2419], 'persist': [2435, 3722], 'temporally': [2438, 3789], 'vacant': [2443], 'recolonized.': [2447], 'becomes': [2468], 'zero': [2469], 'stochastically': [2470, 2767, 3078], '5;': [2472], 'black': [2473, 2504], 'parts': [2474], 'circles).': [2476], '5Open': [2478], 'area': [2505], 'circles': [2508], 'represents': [2509], 'fixation.': [2515, 2546], 'disappeared': [2544], 'maintained': [2551], 'persistently': [2552], 'fixation,': [2554], 'brings': [2559, 2962, 3226], 'Larger': [2573], 'delays': [2576], 'males’': [2577, 3016, 3027], 'rate.': [2584], 'differ': [2592, 2627], 'sexes.': [2594, 2630], 'contrast': [2598, 2982], 'result': [2601], 'did': [2625], 'sex-dependent': [2638, 2675], 'Discussion': [2647], 'emigration,': [2674], 'crucial': [2697, 3024], 'caused': [2707], 'way': [2713], 'spread': [2715, 2874, 3198], 'risk.': [2717, 2856], 'quality': [2727, 3435], 'disappear': [2728, 2766], 'stochastically,': [2729], 'view': [2736], 'spreading': [2748, 2854, 2959, 2995, 3184], '1996;': [2754], 'Yoshimura': [2757], '1998).': [2758], 'models,': [2762], 'entails': [2779], 'moderate': [2787], 'realizes': [2789], 'bet-hedging': [2791], 'one': [2809], 'selected,': [2815], 'since': [2816, 3071], 'genes': [2818, 3017], 'coding': [2819], 'distributed': [2822], 'them': [2829], 'good': [2836], 'conditions': [2837], 'themselves': [2852, 3182], 'partners': [2873], 'Especially': [2886, 3098], 'high,': [2891], 'against': [2915], 'strongly': [2928], 'tendency': [2932, 3148], 'obvious': [2934, 3150], 'larger,': [2939], 'irrespective': [2946], 'sex,': [2948], 'further': [2953], 'details.': [2954], 'selection': [2956, 3093, 3963], 'pressure': [2957, 3094], 'own': [2992], 'selves': [2993], 'whether': [3011], 'distribute': [3015], '(3-5).': [3043, 3236], 'lower': [3045, 3223, 3252], 'density,': [3047], 'and,': [3052], 'consequently,': [3053], '(Gandon': [3057, 3245], 'bias': [3066, 3084], 'ratio,': [3070], 'current': [3081, 3358], 'heterogeneity': [3090], 'intrasexual': [3092], 'adults': [3101, 3910], 'only,': [3112], 'either': [3118], 'immigration': [3124], 'copulation.': [3132, 3203], 'under': [3143, 3482], 'almost': [3160], 'independent': [3161], 'As': [3174], 'mentioned': [3175], 'above,': [3176], 'risk,': [3186], 'evident': [3216], 'concordant': [3239], 'findings': [3241], 'previous': [3243], '2000).': [3250], '1.': [3269], 'delayed': [3276], 'revealed': [3308], 'tendency.': [3311], 'evolved': [3316], 'low.': [3334], 'illustrated': [3361], 'rapae,': [3369, 3893, 3940], 'many': [3376], 'agricultural': [3377], 'pests': [3378], 'ability.': [3382], 'Acknowledgements': [3383], 'We': [3384], 'thank': [3385], 'Dr': [3386, 3389, 3392], 'T.': [3387, 3656, 3684, 4076, 4239], 'Satoh,': [3388], 'K.': [3390, 3624], 'Hirai,': [3391], 'S.': [3393, 3526], 'Takahasi': [3394], 'anonymous': [3397], 'referees': [3398], 'helpful': [3400], 'advice.': [3401], 'supported': [3405], 'part': [3407], 'Tokyu': [3409], 'Foundation': [3410], 'Better': [3412], 'Environment': [3413], '(no.': [3414], '205).': [3415], 'References': [3416], 'Bissoondath,': [3417], 'C.J.': [3418], 'Wiklund,': [3420, 3806], '(1996)': [3422, 4269], 'Effect': [3423], 'body': [3429], 'ejaculate': [3432], 'polyandrous': [3438, 3817], 'butterflies,': [3439, 3891, 3938, 4219], 'napi': [3441, 3820, 4225, 4252], '(Lepidoptera:': [3445, 3821, 4123, 4152, 4193, 4256], 'Pieridae).': [3446, 3822, 4124, 4153, 4194, 4228, 4257], 'Functional': [3447], 'Ecology,': [3448, 3765, 3795, 3919, 3969, 4280], '457–': [3450], '464.': [3451], 'CrossrefWeb': [3452, 3491, 3572, 3617, 3651, 3769, 3799, 3830, 3853, 3878, 4021, 4041, 4071, 4102, 4132, 4202], 'Science®Google': [3454, 3472, 3493, 3514, 3548, 3574, 3594, 3619, 3653, 3681, 3712, 3744, 3771, 3801, 3832, 3855, 3880, 3927, 3977, 4001, 4023, 4043, 4073, 4104, 4134, 4204, 4288], 'Scholar': [3455, 3473, 3494, 3515, 3524, 3549, 3575, 3595, 3620, 3654, 3682, 3713, 3745, 3772, 3802, 3833, 3856, 3881, 3928, 3978, 4002, 4024, 4044, 4074, 4105, 4135, 4159, 4179, 4205, 4234, 4263, 4289], 'Cook,': [3456], 'P.A.': [3457], 'Wedell,': [3459], 'N.': [3460, 3883, 3930, 3980], 'Non-fertile': [3462], 'delay': [3464], 'remating.': [3466], 'Nature,': [3467, 3586], '397,': [3468], '486.': [3469], 'CrossrefCASWeb': [3470], 'Crespi,': [3474], 'B.J.': [3475], 'Taylor,': [3477], 'P.D.': [3478], '(1990)': [3479], 'variable': [3483], 'patch': [3484], 'American': [3486, 3994, 4016, 4036], 'Naturalist,': [3487, 3995, 4017, 4037], '135,': [3488], '48–': [3489], '62.': [3490], 'Dobson,': [3495], 'F.S.': [3496], '(1982)': [3497, 3555, 3931], 'Competition': [3498], 'predominant': [3502], 'juvenile': [3503], 'mammals.': [3506], 'Behaviour,': [3508], '30,': [3509], '1183–': [3510], '1192.': [3511], 'CrossrefPubMedWeb': [3512, 3999], 'Ejima,': [3516], 'M.': [3517, 3751, 4181, 4207, 4236], '(1987)': [3518, 4052], 'Monshirocho': [3519], '.': [3520], 'Bunichi-Sogoshuppan,': [3521], 'Tokyo.': [3522], 'Google': [3523, 4158, 4178, 4233, 4262], 'Gandon,': [3525], 'Kin': [3528], 'Theoretical': [3541, 3611, 3847], '200,': [3543], '345–': [3544], '364.': [3545], 'CrossrefCASPubMedWeb': [3546, 3710, 3742], 'Greenwood,': [3550], 'P.J.': [3551], 'Harvey,': [3553], 'P.H.': [3554], 'breeding': [3559], 'birds.': [3562], 'Annual': [3563], 'Review': [3564], 'Ecology': [3566, 3872, 4065], 'Systematics,': [3568], '13,': [3569, 4129], '1–': [3570], '21.': [3571], 'Hamilton,': [3576], 'W.D.': [3577], 'May,': [3579], 'R.M.': [3580], '(1977)': [3581], '269,': [3587], '578–': [3588], '581.': [3589], 'LibraryWeb': [3592, 3925, 3975, 4286], 'Hastings,': [3596, 3839], 'A.': [3597, 3776, 3804, 3840], '(1983)': [3598, 4208], 'Age': [3599], 'dependent': [3600], 'predation': [3601], 'simple': [3605], 'process.': [3606], 'I.': [3607], 'Continuous': [3608], 'Population': [3612, 3848, 3918, 3968, 4279], '23,': [3614], '347–': [3615], '362.': [3616], 'T.,': [3622], 'Hamano,': [3623], 'Obara,': [3626, 3658, 3686], 'Y.': [3627, 3659, 3687, 4107, 4137, 4161], '(2001)': [3628], 'post-emergence': [3633], 'behavior': [3634, 3700, 4033], 'mate-locating': [3641, 3699, 4032], 'crucivora.': [3645, 3704, 4173], 'Zoological': [3646, 3674, 3705], 'Science,': [3647, 3675, 3706], '18,': [3648], '475–': [3649], '482.': [3650], '(2000a)': [3660], 'Time': [3661], 'feeding': [3667], 'behaviors': [3668], 'butterfly.': [3673], '17,': [3676, 3707], '323–': [3677], '327.': [3678], 'CASPubMedWeb': [3679], '(2000b)': [3688], 'air': [3692], 'temperature': [3693], 'sunlight': [3695], 'intensity': [3696], '1081–': [3708], '1087.': [3709], 'Jansen,': [3714, 4267], 'V.A.A.': [3715, 4268], 'Yoshimura,': [3717, 4264], 'J.': [3718, 4265], '(1998)': [3719], 'Populations': [3720], 'consisting': [3726], 'only.': [3730], 'Proceedings': [3731], 'National': [3734], 'Academy': [3735], 'Sciences': [3737], 'USA,': [3738], '95,': [3739], '3696–': [3740], '3698.': [3741], 'Jones,': [3746], 'R.E.,': [3747], 'Gilbert,': [3748], 'N.,': [3749], 'Guppy,': [3750], 'Nealis,': [3753], 'V.': [3754, 3983], 'Long': [3756], 'distance': [3757], 'movement': [3758], 'rapae.': [3761], '49,': [3766], '629–': [3767], '642.': [3768], 'Kaitala,': [3773, 3775, 3803], 'V.,': [3774], 'Getz,': [3778], 'W.M.': [3779], '(1989)': [3780, 3859], 'Evolutionary': [3781, 3794], 'waterstrider': [3786], 'heterogeneous': [3792], '3,': [3796], '283–': [3797], '298.': [3798], '(1995)': [3808], 'choice': [3811], 'costs': [3814], 'Insect': [3825], 'Behavior,': [3826], '8,': [3827], '355–': [3828], '363.': [3829], 'Levin,': [3834], 'S.A.,': [3835], 'Cohen,': [3836], 'D.': [3837], '(1984)': [3841], 'strategies': [3843], 'environments.': [3846, 4276], '26,': [3850], '165–': [3851, 4282], '191.': [3852], 'Oberhauser,': [3857], 'K.S.': [3858], 'Effects': [3860], 'spermatophores': [3862], 'monarch': [3867], 'success.': [3870], 'Behavioral': [3871, 4064], 'Sociobiology,': [3874, 4067], '25,': [3875], '237–': [3876], '246.': [3877], 'Ohsaki,': [3882, 3929], 'Comparative': [3885, 3932, 4097], 'three': [3889, 3936], 'melete,': [3895, 3942], 'napi,': [3898, 3945], 'living': [3899, 3946], 'area.': [3903, 3950], 'II.': [3904], 'Utilization': [3905], 'through': [3911], 'migratory': [3912], 'non-migratory': [3914], 'movements.': [3915], 'Researches': [3916, 3966, 4277], '22,': [3920], '163–': [3921], '183.': [3922], 'III.': [3951], 'Difference': [3952], 'annual': [3955], 'numbers': [3957], 'relation': [3960], 'adult.': [3965], '24,': [3970], '193–': [3971], '210.': [3972], 'Perrin,': [3979], 'Mazalov,': [3982], 'Local': [3985], 'inbreeding,': [3987], '155,': [3996], '116–': [3997], '127.': [3998], 'Roff,': [4003], 'D.A.': [4004], '(1994)': [4005], 'Habitat': [4006], 'persistence': [4007], 'wing': [4012], 'dimorphism': [4013], 'insects.': [4015], '144,': [4018], '772–': [4019], '798.': [4020], 'Rutowski,': [4025, 4045], 'R.L.': [4026], '(1991)': [4027], 'butterflies.': [4035], '138,': [4038], '1121–': [4039], '1139.': [4040], 'R.L.,': [4046], 'Gilchrist,': [4047], 'G.W.': [4048], 'Terkanian,': [4050], 'B.': [4051], 'mated': [4055, 4058], 'recently': [4057], 'show': [4060], '319–': [4069], '322.': [4070], 'Sugawara,': [4075], '(1979)': [4077, 4138, 4240], 'Stretch': [4078], 'reception': [4079], 'bursa': [4082], 'copulatrix': [4083], 'its': [4091], 'role': [4092], 'behaviour.': [4094], 'Physiology,': [4098], '130,': [4099], '191–': [4100], '199.': [4101], 'Suzuki,': [4106, 4136, 4160], '(1978)': [4108], 'Adult': [4109, 4183], 'longevity': [4110], 'potential': [4113], 'white,': [4118, 4147, 4189], 'Bosiduval': [4122, 4151], 'Applied': [4125, 4195], 'Entomology': [4126, 4196], 'Zoology,': [4128, 4198], '312–': [4130], '313.': [4131], 'Mating': [4139], 'Kontyû,': [4154, 4174, 4229, 4258], '47,': [4155, 4259], '335–': [4156], '339.': [4157], 'Male-biased': [4163], '48,': [4175], '299–': [4176], '306.': [4177], 'Yamamoto,': [4180, 4206, 4235], '(1981)': [4182], 'duration': [4184], 'Japanese': [4187], '16,': [4199], '310–': [4200], '312.': [4201], 'Relationship': [4209], 'flight': [4214], 'activity': [4215], 'related': [4218], 'nesis': [4226], '(Lepidoptera,': [4227], '51,': [4230], '528–': [4231], '533.': [4232], 'Ohtani,': [4238], 'Number': [4241], 'laid': [4244], 'compared': [4249], 'nesis,': [4253], 'Sapporo': [4255], '530–': [4260], '539.': [4261], 'Evolution': [4270], 'dynamics': [4273], 'stochastic': [4275], '38,': [4281], '182.': [4283], 'Citing': [4290], 'Literature': [4291], 'Volume73,': [4292], 'Issue6November': [4293], '2004Pages': [4294], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation': [4296]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001207513', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T05:34:54.584069', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}