Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Michael P. Manns; Albert J. Czaja; James D. Gorham; Edward L. Krawitt; Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani; Diego Vergani; Simon C. Ling
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113, 128, 186, 408, 459, 510, 911, 1384, 1866, 1934, 2499, 2780, 2992, 3472, 3681], 'autoimmune': [57, 271, 640, 1231, 1503, 2204, 2325, 2489, 2508, 2875, 2882, 2986, 3440, 3490, 3543, 3560, 3892, 4063], 'hepatitis': [58, 287, 315, 539, 992, 1277, 1375, 1566, 2275, 2326, 2987, 3441, 3699, 3893, 4064], 'provide': [59], 'a': [60, 209, 318, 338, 345, 351, 361, 710, 757, 802, 823, 843, 847, 867, 871, 876, 1129, 1435, 1477, 1505, 1575, 1639, 2093, 2128, 2146, 2441, 2495, 2514, 2593, 2846, 3121, 3216, 3278, 3319, 3333, 3375, 3434, 3468, 3481, 3655, 3796, 3805, 3837, 4024, 4068, 4074, 4105], 'data-supported': [61], 'approach': [62], 'diagnosis': [65, 405, 733, 957, 971, 1255, 1541, 1579, 1641, 1680, 1796, 1912, 2202, 2252, 2263, 2323, 2612, 3217, 3686], 'management': [67], 'this': [69, 1371, 1747, 2091, 3099, 3980], 'disease.': [70, 644, 1389], 'They': [71, 160, 1722], 'based': [73, 185, 407, 910, 2779, 2991], 'following:': [76], '(1)': [77], 'formal': [78], 'review': [79, 3123], 'analysis': [81], 'recently-published': [84], 'world': [85], 'literature': [86], 'topic': [89], '[Medline': [90], 'search];': [91], '(2)': [92], 'College': [94, 244], 'Physicians': [96], 'Manual': [97], 'Assessing': [99], 'Health': [100], 'Practices': [101], 'Designing': [103], 'Practice': [104, 119, 202, 252], 'Guidelines;2': [105], '(3)': [106], 'policies,': [108], 'including': [109, 1074, 1187, 2346, 2389, 2659, 2720, 3703], 'AASLD': [111, 207], 'Policy': [112, 126], 'Development': [115], 'Use': [117], 'Guidelines': [120, 203], 'Gastroenterological': [124], 'Statement': [127], 'Guidelines;3': [129], '(4)': [131], 'experience': [133], 'authors': [136], 'specified': [139], 'topic.': [140], 'recommendations,': [142, 200], 'intended': [143, 162], 'use': [145, 527, 1009, 2247, 2256], 'physicians,': [147], 'suggest': [148, 1552, 2386, 3166], 'preferred': [149], 'approaches': [150], 'diagnostic,': [153], 'therapeutic': [154], 'preventive': [156], 'aspects': [157], 'care.': [159], 'be': [164, 177, 224, 500, 662, 777, 805, 965, 1014, 1048, 1106, 1128, 1146, 1185, 1213, 1322, 1536, 1643, 1740, 1751, 1858, 2023, 2061, 2098, 2334, 2447, 2468, 2616, 2692, 2728, 2751, 2964, 3010, 3028, 3091, 3412, 3431, 3451, 3504, 3564, 3630, 3690, 3717, 4043, 4079], 'flexible,': [165], 'contrast': [167, 3577], 'standards': [169], 'care,': [171], 'which': [172, 761, 1144, 2962], 'inflexible': [174], 'policies': [175], 'followed': [178, 1107], 'every': [180], 'case.': [181], 'Specific': [182], 'recommendations': [183, 237], 'relevant': [187], 'published': [188, 522], 'information.': [189], 'To': [190], 'more': [191, 427, 433, 1404, 1708, 2094, 2181, 2214, 2318, 3789, 3800, 4011], 'fully': [192], 'characterize': [193, 3013], 'quality': [195, 3404], 'evidence': [197, 222, 2076], 'supporting': [198], 'Committee': [204], 'requires': [208, 974], 'class': [210], '(reflecting': [211], 'benefit': [212, 4171], 'versus': [213, 4005, 4032, 4058], 'risk)': [214], 'level': [216, 915, 1126, 3799], '(assessing': [217], 'strength': [218], 'or': [219, 426, 609, 738, 741, 820, 822, 829, 928, 1029, 1038, 1169, 1350, 1502, 1514, 1548, 1554, 1570, 1606, 1660, 1697, 1720, 1823, 2140, 2273, 2317, 2328, 2394, 2457, 2628, 2635, 2642, 2683, 2688, 2791, 2831, 3002, 3017, 3197, 3436, 3567, 3697, 3788, 3820, 3901, 4126, 4131, 4156, 4166], 'certainty)': [220], 'assigned': [225], 'reported': [227], 'with': [228, 374, 553, 612, 679, 894, 950, 1175, 1345, 1393, 1398, 1476, 1692, 1742, 1834, 2000, 2056, 2073, 2169, 2186, 2213, 2401, 2415, 2426, 2472, 2557, 2741, 2845, 2873, 2916, 2943, 3086, 3127, 3284, 3302, 3307, 3355, 3367, 3395, 3496, 3530, 3558, 3566, 3572, 3593, 3634, 3662, 3677, 3695, 3705, 3743, 3748, 3772, 3795, 3836, 3865, 3941, 3995, 4020, 4120, 4164], 'each': [229, 3064], 'recommendation.4': [230], 'The': [231, 404, 704, 728, 749, 790, 970, 997, 1016, 1177, 1327, 1379, 1425, 1544, 1925, 2227, 2255, 2279, 2304, 2379, 2410, 2553, 2611, 3080, 3209, 3685, 3888, 4037], 'grading': [232], 'system': [233, 713, 753, 891, 899, 948, 1534, 1586, 3111, 3119, 3213], 'applied': [234, 778], 'adapted': [240], 'from': [241, 395, 520, 1272, 4172], 'Cardiology': [246], 'Heart': [250], 'Guidelines,': [253], 'it': [255, 961], 'is': [256, 317, 371, 392, 406, 443, 472, 485, 579, 597, 793, 909, 1250, 1278, 1288, 1295, 1342, 1352, 1432, 1614, 1874, 1898, 1919, 1931, 1998, 2084, 2145, 2414, 2440, 2463, 2513, 2585, 2715, 2808, 2823, 2897, 2930, 2980, 3143, 3894, 3989, 4083, 4147], 'given': [257], 'below': [258], '(Table': [259, 726, 772, 812, 938, 995, 1208, 1542, 1683, 2017, 2066, 2104, 2149, 2582, 2670, 2699, 2730, 3886, 3937, 4143], '1).': [260], 'AASLD,': [261], 'Diseases;': [269], 'AIH,': [270, 959, 1298, 1798, 1914, 2116, 3139, 3559], 'hepatitis;': [272], 'ALT,': [273, 2629], 'alanine': [274, 1027], 'aminotransferase;': [275, 281], 'ANA,': [276, 1668, 1695, 1953, 2175, 2829], 'antinuclear': [277, 1188, 2286], 'antibody;': [278], 'AST,': [279], 'aspartate': [280, 1030], 'CYP1A2,': [282], 'cytochrome': [283, 1757, 2560, 2571], 'P450': [284, 2561, 2572], '1A2;': [285], 'HCV,': [286], 'C': [288, 540], 'virus;': [289], 'IBD,': [290, 3576, 3597, 3638], 'inflammatory': [291, 1479, 2047, 3456], 'bowel': [292, 2048], 'disease;': [293], 'IgG,': [294, 1040], 'immunoglobulin': [295, 923, 2951], 'G;': [296], 'LKM-1,': [297], 'liver/kidney': [298, 1197, 2295], 'microsome': [299, 1198, 1985, 2296], 'type': [300, 1199, 1205, 1977, 1986, 2297, 2360, 2774, 2797, 2812, 2817, 2944, 3034, 3537, 3670], '1;': [301], 'PBC,': [302, 1501], 'primary': [303, 307, 1136, 1239, 2329, 2390, 2411], 'biliary': [304, 1133, 1240, 2330, 3182, 3580, 3602], 'cirrhosis;': [305], 'PSC,': [306, 1500], 'sclerosing': [308, 1137, 2391, 3561, 3679], 'cholangitis;': [309], 'SMA,': [310, 1669, 1696, 1887, 1954, 2176, 2639], 'smooth': [311, 1191, 2289], 'muscle': [312, 1192, 2290], 'antibodies.': [313], 'Autoimmune': [314, 3515], '(AIH)': [316, 2327], 'generally': [319, 1330, 1628, 3287], 'unresolving': [320], 'inflammation': [321], 'liver': [324, 357, 1232, 1267, 1364, 1561, 1611, 1665, 1917, 1975, 1983, 2205, 2354, 2358, 2554, 2578, 3236, 3253, 3369, 3446, 3513, 4161], 'unknown': [326], 'cause.': [327, 2278], 'A': [328, 494, 814, 836, 856, 881, 896, 2794], 'working': [329], 'model': [330], 'its': [332, 482, 2804], 'pathogenesis': [333, 641], 'postulates': [334], 'that': [335, 546, 564, 606, 671, 989, 1234, 1608, 2021, 2078, 2502, 2526, 2591, 2654, 2680, 2912, 3052, 3062, 3130, 3165, 3241, 3280, 3286, 3410, 3429, 3770, 3977], 'environmental': [336], 'triggers,': [337], 'failure': [339, 1402], 'immune': [341, 354, 2967, 3507, 3617], 'tolerance': [342], 'mechanisms,': [343], 'genetic': [346, 2399, 2412, 2461, 2487, 2599, 3050], 'predisposition': [347], 'collaborate': [348], 'induce': [350], 'T': [352, 2532], 'cell–mediated': [353], 'attack': [355], 'upon': [356], 'antigens,': [358], 'leading': [359], 'progressive': [362, 3397], 'necroinflammatory': [363], 'fibrotic': [365], 'process': [366, 3157], 'liver.5,6': [369], 'Onset': [370], 'frequently': [372, 434, 566, 2052, 3393], 'insidious': [373, 1395], 'nonspecific': [375, 3070], 'symptoms': [376, 3863, 3904], 'such': [377, 1498, 1511, 1557, 1651, 1971, 3264, 3868], 'fatigue,': [379], 'jaundice,': [380], 'nausea,': [381], 'abdominal': [382], 'pain,': [383], 'arthralgias': [385], 'at': [386, 450, 834, 1066, 1248, 2721, 2867, 3324, 3387, 3777, 3809, 3823, 3850, 4110], 'presentation,7': [387], 'but': [388, 960, 1337, 1418, 1736, 1958, 2179, 2783, 3098, 3595, 3998], 'spectrum': [391], 'wide,': [393], 'ranging': [394], 'an': [396, 400, 583, 639, 687, 717, 1002, 1111, 1394, 1869, 1967, 2243, 2539, 2976, 3205, 3295, 3425, 3946, 4177], 'asymptomatic': [397, 1049, 1082, 1093, 1103, 3954, 3993, 4018, 4086], 'presentation8,9': [398], 'acute': [401, 575, 584, 1263, 1399, 2272, 2977, 3233, 3337, 3426, 3445, 3498, 3696, 3706], 'severe': [402, 555, 585, 1400, 2215, 2917, 2978, 3368, 3427, 3497, 3707], 'disease.10,11': [403], 'histologic': [409, 1509, 1626], 'abnormalities,': [410], 'characteristic': [411, 428, 978], 'laboratory': [414, 616, 981, 1017, 2624, 3843, 3911, 4155], 'findings,': [415, 619, 1073], 'abnormal': [416], 'levels': [417, 1024, 1065, 2952, 3775], 'serum': [419, 922, 1026, 1063, 1593, 2632, 2950, 3773, 3797], 'globulins,': [420], 'presence': [423, 913, 976, 1168, 1520, 1647, 1962, 1993, 2827, 2934, 2994, 3188], 'one': [425, 668, 1522, 2316], 'autoantibodies.12-16': [429], 'Women': [430], 'affected': [432], 'than': [435, 1068, 1140, 2861, 3326, 3340, 3790, 3801, 4013, 4028], 'men': [436, 1058, 3394], '(sex': [437], 'ratio,': [438], '3.6:1).17-19': [439], 'disease': [442, 516, 556, 1118, 1220, 1835, 1854, 2049, 2216, 2427, 3152, 3339, 3386, 3417, 3478, 3848, 3884, 4022], 'seen': [444], 'all': [446, 451, 1336, 3693, 3746], 'ethnic': [447, 2408, 3314], 'groups20-34': [448], 'ages.21,35-44': [452], 'There': [453, 1613, 3973], 'no': [455, 1615, 3728, 3900, 3975, 3985], 'robust': [456], 'epidemiological': [457], 'data': [458], 'AIH': [460, 532, 708, 743, 833, 973, 1046, 1182, 1237, 1494, 1581, 1682, 1693, 1712, 2170, 2234, 2402, 2439, 2466, 2590, 2614, 2714, 2742, 2770, 2814, 2822, 2837, 2918, 2929, 2946, 3058, 3083, 3159, 3175, 3228, 3247, 3282, 3311, 3422, 3531, 3554, 3574, 3594, 3636, 3669, 3688, 3744, 3750], 'United': [463, 1728], 'States.': [464], 'In': [465, 940, 1120, 1262, 1335, 1527, 1685, 1842, 2706, 2739, 3474, 3556, 3570, 3591, 3654], 'Norway': [466], 'Sweden,': [468], 'mean': [470], 'incidence': [471, 496, 2848], '1': [473, 1200, 1206, 1223, 1978, 2013, 2298, 2361, 2772, 2813, 2821, 3000, 3671], '2': [475, 2818, 2928, 2945, 3007, 3035], 'per': [476, 479, 489, 492], '100,000': [477, 490], 'persons': [478, 491], 'year,': [480], 'point': [483, 4077], 'prevalence': [484, 498, 3081, 3100], '11': [486], '17': [488], 'year.45,46': [493], 'similar': [495, 1080], 'can': [499, 669, 775, 804, 1047, 1145, 1535, 1642, 1750, 1780, 1857, 2060, 2655, 3009, 3044, 3059, 3073, 3214, 3242, 3276, 3423, 3430, 3450, 3466, 3479, 3563, 4065, 4078], 'assumed': [501], 'Caucasian': [504], 'population': [505, 3982], 'North': [507, 1686, 3372, 3533], 'America.': [508], 'Data': [509], 'natural': [512, 3889, 3967], 'progression': [513, 2971], 'untreated': [515, 554, 3831, 4017], 'derived': [518], 'principally': [519], 'experiences': [521], 'prior': [523], 'widespread': [526], 'immunosuppressive': [529, 630], 'agents': [530], 'before': [534, 652, 808], 'detection': [536, 1951, 2209], 'virus': [541], '(HCV).47-54': [542], 'studies': [544, 624, 647, 666, 3628, 3715, 3756], 'showed': [545, 3129], 'many': [548, 1089], '40%': [550], 'patients': [552, 675, 1056, 1083, 1094, 1104, 1392, 1397, 1489, 1691, 1713, 2027, 2055, 2168, 2212, 2456, 2471, 2483, 2707, 2740, 2842, 2858, 2915, 2942, 3085, 3126, 3160, 3176, 3317, 3346, 3352, 3363, 3391, 3633, 3661, 3694, 3704, 3771, 3832, 3897, 3955, 3994, 4000, 4019, 4151], 'died': [557], 'within': [558, 591, 2086, 2523, 3419], '6': [559, 3810], 'months': [560, 3649], 'diagnosis,47,49': [562], 'survivors': [565], 'cirrhosis,': [568, 1078, 4123], 'esophageal': [569], 'varices': [570], 'subsequent': [572, 2450], 'hemorrhage.47,49,50,55': [573], 'An': [574], 'onset': [576], 'illness': [578], 'common': [580, 2878, 3526, 3548], '(∼40%),56-63': [581], 'presentation,': [586], 'characterized': [587, 1449, 2824, 2931], 'hepatic': [589, 1401, 1458, 3866], 'encephalopathy': [590], '8': [592], 'weeks': [593], 'symptoms,': [596, 615, 2623], 'sometimes': [598], 'seen.10,11,58,64-68': [599], 'Three': [600, 3764], 'randomized,': [601, 3765, 3916], 'controlled': [602, 3766, 3917, 4134], 'treatment': [603, 689, 791, 811, 1260, 1840, 1862, 3465, 3857, 3878, 3918, 3931, 4055], 'trials': [604, 771, 3767, 3919], 'established': [605, 2787], 'prednisone': [607], 'alone': [608], 'combination': [611], 'azathioprine': [613], 'improved': [614], 'tests,': [617], 'histological': [618, 930, 1280, 1293, 1380, 2645, 2689, 3666, 3815, 3845, 3913, 4157], 'immediate': [621, 3948], 'survival.48-50': [622], 'led': [625], 'acceptance': [628], 'regimens': [631], 'standard': [634], 'treatment,': [636], 'supported': [638, 1644], 'However,': [645], 'these': [646, 665, 674, 1055, 1524, 1528, 2307, 2337, 2382, 2880, 3066, 3222, 3925, 3999], 'were': [648, 676, 714, 2117, 2574], 'completed': [649], 'decades': [650], 'ago': [651], 'discovery': [654], 'HCV.': [656, 680], 'Therefore,': [657], 'HCV': [658], 'infection': [659], 'could': [660, 1609], 'not': [661, 783, 1270, 1309, 1637, 1773, 1793, 1947, 2071, 2464, 2785, 3596, 3621, 3921, 3958], 'excluded': [663, 2669, 2752], 'assume': [670], 'several': [672], 'indeed': [677], 'infected': [678], 'transplantation': [682], 'also': [684, 776, 1184, 1959, 2809, 3874], 'evolved': [685], 'effective': [688, 3452, 4148], 'decompensated': [692], 'patient,': [693], '5-year': [696, 3838], 'graft': [699], 'survivals': [700], 'now': [701, 2135], 'exceed': [702, 3971], '80%.69-74': [703], 'diagnostic': [705, 711, 852, 877, 1584, 2313, 2696, 3077], 'criteria': [706, 730], 'scoring': [712, 752, 799, 898, 947, 1533, 1585, 2697, 3078, 3096, 3110, 3118, 3212], 'codified': [715, 3076], 'international': [718], 'panel': [719], '199375': [721], 'revised': [723, 750, 797, 889, 1531, 3108, 3210], '199913': [725], '2).': [727, 2671], 'sufficient': [735], 'make': [737], 'exclude': [739, 1216, 1794, 3720, 3758], 'definite': [740, 1576, 3138], 'probable': [742, 1578, 1640, 3136], 'majority': [746], 'patients.': [748, 1086], 'original': [751, 798, 890, 1485, 1532, 3095, 3109, 3117, 3211], 'was': [754, 3088, 3112], 'research': [758], 'tool': [759], 'ensure': [763], 'comparability': [765], 'study': [767, 883], 'populations': [768, 1844], '3),13': [773], 'diagnostically': [780], 'challenging': [781, 2678], 'cases': [782, 2679], 'readily': [784], 'captured': [785], 'descriptive': [788], 'criteria.13': [789], 'response': [792, 2431, 3729, 4072], 'graded': [794], 'system,': [800], 'score': [803, 816, 825, 838, 858], 'rendered': [806], 'both': [807, 1493, 3573, 3635, 3749], 'after': [810, 2924, 3289, 3733], '3).13': [813], 'pretreatment': [815, 837, 857], '10': [818, 840], 'points': [819, 828, 841], 'higher,': [821, 830], 'posttreatment': [824], '12': [827], 'indicate': [831, 1518, 3019], '"probable"': [832], 'presentation.': [835], 'sensitivity': [844, 868, 952], '100%,': [846], 'specificity': [848, 872, 954], '73%,': [850], 'accuracy': [853, 878], '67%.76': [855], '15': [860], 'points,': [861], 'indicative': [862], '"definite': [864], 'AIH"': [865, 3220], '95%,': [870], '97%,': [874], '94%.76': [880], 'retrospective': [882, 943, 3122], 'supports': [884], 'usefulness': [886], 'children': [893, 1174, 1880, 3366, 3495, 3557, 3643, 3742], 'AIH.77': [895], 'simplified': [897, 946], 'proposed': [902, 2795], 'recently': [903, 2153], 'ease': [905], 'application78': [907], 'autoantibody': [917, 1790, 1870, 1896, 1929, 1997], 'expression': [918], 'indirect': [920, 1734, 1932], 'immunofluorescence,': [921, 1735], 'G': [924], '(IgG)': [925], 'concentration,': [926], 'compatible': [927, 2619, 3676], 'typical': [929, 1289, 2757], 'features,': [931, 982, 3383], 'absence': [934, 1170, 1301, 1805, 3179], 'viral': [936, 1226, 3258, 3435], 'markers': [937, 1180, 2462, 2911], '3).78': [939], 'three': [941], 'recent': [942], 'studies,': [944], 'performed': [949, 3631, 3923], 'high': [951, 1801, 1906, 3377, 3806], 'yet': [963], 'validated': [966], 'prospective': [968, 3656], 'studies.76,79,80': [969], 'exclusion': [985], 'other': [987, 1230, 1649, 1807, 1922, 1964, 2341, 2387, 2652, 2717, 2874, 3181, 3225, 3881], 'conditions': [988, 2653], 'cause': [990, 1610, 2656, 3277], 'chronic': [991, 1565, 2274, 2396, 2657, 3235, 3477, 3698], 'cirrhosis': [994, 1241, 1351, 2331, 2896, 2973, 3323, 3827, 3943, 3960], '2).13': [996], 'assessment': [999, 1018], 'should': [1000, 1019, 1183, 1212, 1269, 2333, 2615, 2691, 2727, 3027, 3629, 3689, 3716, 3753], 'include': [1001, 1020, 2881, 3248, 4118], 'evaluation': [1003, 2270], 'alcohol': [1005], 'consumption': [1006], 'drugs': [1011], 'known': [1012], 'hepatotoxic.': [1015], 'determinations': [1021], '(ALT)': [1028], '(AST)': [1031], 'aminotransferases,': [1032], 'alkaline': [1033], 'phosphatase': [1034], '(AP),': [1035], 'albumin,': [1036], 'total': [1037, 2633], 'γ-globulin,': [1039], 'bilirubin': [1042], '(conjugated': [1043], 'unconjugated).': [1045], '34%-45%': [1051], 'patients.8,9,269': [1053], 'Typically,': [1054], 'have': [1060, 1367, 1694, 1701, 2403, 2436, 2484, 2667, 2681, 2776, 2784, 2906, 3045, 3060, 3243, 3318, 3348, 3374, 3424, 3467, 3768, 3804, 3899, 3909, 3920, 3945, 3959, 3962, 4023, 4104, 4153, 4176], 'significantly': [1061], 'lower': [1062, 4025], 'ALT': [1064], 'presentation': [1067, 1249, 1264, 2979, 3325, 3428, 3499, 3824, 3851], 'do': [1069, 1792, 1800, 2070, 3327, 3620, 3957], 'symptomatic': [1070, 1085, 1096], 'patients.8': [1071], 'Histological': [1072], 'frequency': [1076, 3321, 3335, 3378, 4038, 4047], 'between': [1081, 1166, 1574, 2849], 'Because': [1087], '70%': [1091], 'become': [1095], 'during': [1097, 1782], 'course': [1099, 1784], 'their': [1101, 1778, 2005, 2208, 2225, 3187, 3928, 3966], 'disease,8,9': [1102], 'must': [1105, 2750, 3411, 3503, 4042], 'life-long,': [1108], 'preferably': [1109], 'expert,': [1112], 'monitor': [1114, 1861], 'changes': [1116, 1510, 1627, 3581, 3603, 3613], 'activity.': [1119], 'children,': [1121, 2948], 'gamma': [1123, 1158], 'glutamyl': [1124, 1159], 'transferase': [1125, 1160], 'may': [1127, 1235, 1321, 1517, 1551, 1739, 1815, 2022, 2097, 2210, 2385, 2467, 2913, 2963, 3161, 3189, 3195, 3442, 3509, 3944, 3961, 3970], 'better': [1130], 'discriminator': [1131], 'disease,': [1134, 1347, 1562, 1564, 2884, 2887, 3518, 3964, 3997, 4088], 'specifically': [1135, 1238], 'cholangitis': [1138, 1516, 2392, 3562, 3680], '(PSC),': [1139, 2393], 'AP': [1142, 1162], 'level,': [1143], 'elevated': [1147, 2955], 'due': [1148], 'bone': [1150], 'activity': [1151, 1855, 3457], 'growing': [1154], 'child.77': [1155], 'Neither': [1156, 1292], 'nor': [1161, 1799], 'levels,': [1163], 'however,': [1164], 'discriminate': [1165], 'cholangiopathy': [1172], 'AIH.36': [1176], 'conventional': [1178, 1634, 1675, 1817, 2031, 2188, 2228, 2308, 2710, 3651], 'serologic': [1179, 2805], 'assessed,': [1186], 'antibody': [1189, 1193, 1195, 1657, 1744, 1973, 1981, 2102], '(ANA),': [1190, 2288], '(SMA),': [1194, 2292], '(anti-LKM1)': [1201], 'anti-liver': [1203], 'cytosol': [1204, 1976, 2359], '(anti-LC1)': [1207], '4).12-16': [1209], 'Diagnostic': [1210], 'evaluations': [1211], 'undertaken': [1214], 'hereditary': [1217, 1571], 'diseases': [1218, 1233, 2876, 2968, 3237, 3618], '(Wilson': [1219], 'alpha': [1222], 'antitrypsin': [1224], 'deficiency),': [1225], 'hepatitis,': [1227, 1408, 2658, 3259], 'steatohepatitis': [1228], 'resemble': [1236, 3053, 3063], '(PBC)': [1242, 2332], 'PSC.12,13,36,81,82': [1244], 'biopsy': [1246, 1268, 1918], 'examination': [1247], 'recommended': [1251], 'establish': [1253, 1619, 1810], 'guide': [1258], 'decision.12,13,15,16': [1261], 'unavailability': [1265], 'prevent': [1271], 'start': [1273], 'therapy.': [1275, 3986], 'Interface': [1276, 1423], 'hallmark': [1281], '(Fig.': [1282, 1290, 1360], '1),': [1283], 'plasma': [1285, 1303], 'cell': [1286, 1445], 'infiltration': [1287], '2).83-87': [1291], 'finding': [1294], 'cells': [1304, 2522, 2533], 'infiltrate': [1307, 1456], 'does': [1308], 'preclude': [1310, 1629], 'diagnosis.84': [1312], 'Eosinophils,': [1313], 'lobular': [1314, 1407, 1409], 'inflammation,': [1315, 3867], 'bridging': [1316, 1348, 3818], 'necrosis,': [1317, 1412, 1417], 'multiacinar': [1319], 'necrosis': [1320, 1414, 1474, 3819, 3822], 'present.55,86,87': [1323], 'Granulomas': [1324], 'rarely': [1325], 'occur.': [1326], 'portal': [1328, 1430], 'lesions': [1329, 1358], 'spare': [1331], 'bile': [1333, 3611, 3673], 'ducts.': [1334], 'mildest': [1339], 'forms,': [1340], 'fibrosis': [1341, 1349, 1420], 'present': [1343, 1904, 2053, 2469, 2898, 3354, 3443, 3493, 3586], 'and,': [1344], 'advanced': [1346, 3385, 4121], 'seen.55,83-85': [1353], 'Occasionally,': [1354], 'centrizonal': [1355], '(zone': [1356], '3)': [1357, 2799], 'exist': [1359], '3),10,60-62,88-91': [1361], 'sequential': [1363], 'tissue': [1365], 'examinations': [1366], 'demonstrated': [1368, 3769], 'transition': [1369], 'pattern': [1372, 2542, 2595], 'interface': [1374, 1405], 'some': [1377, 3992], 'patients.62': [1378], 'findings': [1381, 1545, 2033, 2648, 2690, 3051, 3816, 3846], 'differ': [1382], 'depending': [1383], 'kinetics': [1386], 'Compared': [1390], 'onset,': [1396, 3357], 'exhibit': [1403, 1490, 1824, 3332, 3480], 'disarray,': [1410], 'hepatocyte': [1411], 'central': [1413], 'submassive': [1416], 'less': [1419, 4002], 'cirrhosis.10,92,93': [1422], 'hepatitis.': [1424, 2397, 3708], 'limiting': [1426], 'plate': [1427], 'tract': [1431], 'disrupted': [1433], 'lymphoplasmacytic': [1436], 'infiltrate.': [1437, 1480], 'Hematoxylin': [1438, 1460, 1481], 'eosin': [1440, 1462, 1483], 'stain;': [1441, 1463, 1484], 'magnification,': [1442, 1464, 1486], '×200.': [1443, 1487], 'Plasma': [1444, 1447], 'infiltration.': [1446], 'cells,': [1448], 'cytoplasmic': [1451, 1656, 2376], 'halo': [1452], 'nucleus,': [1455], 'parenchyma.': [1459], '×400.': [1465], 'Median': [1466], 'centrilobular': [1467], 'zone': [1468, 1472], '3': [1469, 1473, 1987, 3648, 3734], 'necrosis.': [1470], 'Centrilobular': [1471], 'associated': [1475, 2556, 3301, 3529, 3835, 3864], 'mononuclear': [1478], 'Some': [1488], 'features': [1491, 3061, 3072, 3164, 3183, 3226, 3245, 3491, 4158], 'another': [1496, 3167], 'disorder': [1497, 2488], 'cholangitis,': [1504], 'variant': [1506, 1525], 'syndrome.94-100': [1507], 'Certain': [1508], 'ductopenia': [1513], 'destructive': [1515], 'types.101': [1526], 'cases,': [1529], 'used': [1537, 1859, 3011], '3).13,76': [1543], 'steatosis': [1547], 'iron': [1549], 'overload': [1550], 'alternative': [1553], 'additional': [1555, 3408], 'diagnoses,': [1556, 2388], 'nonalcoholic': [1559, 3251], 'fatty': [1560, 3252], 'Wilson': [1563], 'C,': [1567], 'drug': [1568, 4114], 'toxicity,': [1569], 'hemochromatosis.84,85,101': [1572], 'Differences': [1573], 'relate': [1587], 'mainly': [1588], 'magnitude': [1591], 'IgG': [1594, 2634], 'elevation,': [1595], 'titers': [1596, 1791, 1802, 1828, 1849, 1881], 'autoantibodies,': [1598, 2189], 'extent': [1600], 'exposures': [1602], 'alcohol,': [1604], 'medications,': [1605], 'infections': [1607], 'injury.13,76,78': [1612], 'time': [1616, 2893], 'requirement': [1617], 'chronicity,': [1620], 'cholestatic': [1622, 3067, 3349, 3382], 'clinical,': [1623, 2685, 3046, 3663, 4154], 'laboratory,': [1624, 2686, 3047], 'diagnosis.': [1631, 3168, 3193], 'If': [1632, 1903, 2315, 2336, 3487], 'autoantibodies': [1635, 1650, 1965, 2020, 2064, 2114, 2231, 2249, 2711, 3285], 'detected,': [1638], 'atypical': [1653, 2037, 2082, 2684, 2725], 'perinuclear': [1654, 2374], 'anti-neutrophil': [1655, 2100, 2375], '(atypical': [1658], 'pANCA)': [1659], 'those': [1661, 3054, 3907, 4109], 'directed': [1662], 'against': [1663, 4045], 'soluble': [1664, 2353], 'antigen': [1666, 2124], '(anti-SLA).102,103': [1667], 'anti-LKM1,': [1670, 1764, 1891, 1955], 'anti-LC1': [1672, 2938, 3005], 'constitute': [1673], 'serological': [1676, 2032, 2130, 2258, 2281, 2342, 2637, 2687, 2718, 2781, 3020, 3163, 3244, 3664], 'repertoire': [1677], '4).12-16,104-109': [1684], 'adults,': [1688, 1877], '96%': [1689], 'both,110': [1698], '4%': [1700], 'anti-LKM1': [1702, 1908, 3003], 'and/or': [1703, 2937, 2939], 'anti-LC1.111': [1704], 'Anti-LKM1': [1705, 1730, 3025], 'deemed': [1707], 'frequent': [1709], 'European': [1711, 3552], 'typically': [1716, 2069, 3353, 3619], 'unaccompanied': [1717], 'ANA': [1719, 1885, 2996], 'SMA.112': [1721], 'possibly': [1724], 'underestimated': [1725], 'States.113': [1729], 'detected': [1732, 2065], 'because': [1737, 1895], 'they': [1738, 1749, 4117, 4175], 'confused': [1741], 'antimitochondrial': [1743, 2301], '(AMA)': [1745], 'using': [1746, 1765, 3093], 'technique,': [1748], 'assessed': [1752, 2693], 'measuring': [1754], 'antibodies': [1755, 1818, 2003, 2133, 2287, 2291, 2293, 2302, 2349, 2377, 2581, 3026], 'P4502D6,': [1758], 'major': [1760, 2417], 'molecular': [1761, 2006, 2143], 'target': [1762, 2080, 2121, 2144], 'commercial': [1766], 'enzyme-linked': [1767], 'immunosorbent': [1768], 'assays': [1769, 2001], '(ELISA).': [1770], 'Autoantibodies': [1771], 'AIH104-109': [1776], 'expressions': [1779], 'vary': [1781, 3312], 'disease.110': [1787], 'Furthermore,': [1788, 3814, 4016], 'low': [1789, 4136], '(in': [1803], 'supportive': [1808], 'findings)': [1809], 'diagnosis.110': [1812], 'Seronegative': [1813], 'individuals': [1814, 3940, 4092, 4119], 'express': [1816], 'later': [1819, 2118], 'disease114-118': [1822], 'nonstandard': [1825, 2230], 'autoantibodies.104-109,119': [1826], 'Autoantibody': [1827], 'adults': [1830, 3571, 3592, 3645, 3723, 3747], 'only': [1831, 1948, 2063, 2587, 3902, 4149], 'roughly': [1832], 'correlate': [1833], 'severity,': [1836], 'course,': [1838], 'response.110': [1841], 'pediatric': [1843, 3657], '(patients': [1845], 'aged': [1846], '≤18': [1847], 'years),': [1848], 'useful': [1851, 2024], 'biomarkers': [1852], 'response.120': [1863], 'When': [1864], 'tested': [1865], 'rodent': [1867, 1940], 'tissues,': [1868], 'titer': [1871], '1:40': [1873], 'significant': [1875], 'whereas': [1878, 3343, 3360, 3462, 3536], '1:20': [1883], '1:10': [1889], 'clinically': [1893], 'relevant,': [1894], 'reactivity': [1897], 'infrequent': [1899], 'healthy': [1901], 'children.13': [1902], 'titer,': [1907], 'strongly': [1909], 'support': [1910], 'even': [1915], 'if': [1916, 2191, 3224, 3724, 3812], 'precluded': [1920], 'considerations.': [1924], 'mainstay': [1926], 'technique': [1927, 1946], 'screening': [1930, 2454], 'immunofluorescence': [1933], 'composite': [1935], 'sections': [1936], 'freshly': [1938], 'frozen': [1939], 'stomach,': [1941], 'kidney': [1942, 1984], 'liver.14': [1944], 'permits': [1949], 'AMA': [1957, 3169, 3194], 'suggests': [1960], 'evolving': [1968], 'importance,': [1970], '(anti-LC1)111,121': [1979], '(anti': [1988], 'LKM-3).122,123': [1989], 'Confirmation': [1990], 'latter': [1996], 'obtained': [1999], 'detecting': [2002], 'targets,': [2007], 'formiminotransferase': [2008], 'cyclo-deaminase': [2009], '(FTCD)': [2010], 'family': [2012, 2458, 2605], 'UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases': [2014], '(UGT1A),': [2015], 'respectively': [2016], '4).': [2018, 2583, 2733], 'Other': [2019, 3232, 3953], 'classifying': [2026], 'who': [2028, 2171, 2919, 3898, 3908, 3956, 3983, 4093, 4152], 'lack': [2029], 'anti-SLA124-128': [2035], 'pANCA.119,129,130,131-139': [2038], 'Atypical': [2039], 'pANCA,': [2040, 2726], 'originally': [2041, 2110], 'considered': [2042, 3413, 3691, 3718], 'PSC': [2045, 3041, 3087, 3105, 3584, 3721], '(IBD),124,125': [2050], 'AIH,126,127': [2057], 'occasionally': [2059, 2165], '4).128': [2067], 'ANCA': [2068], 'coexist': [2072], 'anti-LKM1.127': [2074], 'Recent': [2075], 'indicates': [2077], 'pANCA': [2083], 'located': [2085, 2498], 'nuclear': [2088, 2101], 'membrane.': [2089], 'For': [2090], 'reason,': [2092], 'suitable': [2095], 'designation': [2096], 'peripheral': [2099], '(pANNA)': [2103], '4).102,103': [2105], 'Anti-SLA129': [2106], 'anti–liver-pancreas': [2108], '(anti-LP),130': [2109], 'described': [2111, 2232, 2405], 'separate': [2113], 'found': [2119, 2166, 2183, 2810], 'same': [2123], 'represent': [2127], 'single': [2129], 'entity.': [2131], 'referred': [2136], 'anti-SLA': [2139, 2723], 'anti-SLA/LP.': [2141], 'Their': [2142], 'transfer': [2147], 'ribonucleoprotein': [2148], '4).119,131,132': [2150], 'SLA': [2151, 2905], 'renamed': [2155], 'SEPSECS': [2156], '(Sep': [2157], '[O-phosphoserine]': [2158], 'tRNA': [2159], 'synthase)': [2160], 'Selenocysteine': [2161], 'Synthase.': [2162], 'Anti-SLA': [2163, 2196], 'negative': [2173, 2535, 2708, 3470], 'anti-LKM1,133': [2178], 'commonly': [2182, 3347, 3365, 4003], 'association': [2185, 2413], 'especially': [2190, 4089], 'sensitive': [2192], 'immunoassays': [2193], 'used.133-136': [2195], 'highly': [2198, 3935], 'disease,133': [2206], 'identify': [2211, 2914, 3979], 'worse': [2218], 'outcome.137-140': [2219], 'Commercial': [2220], 'ELISAs': [2221], 'detection.': [2226], 'shown': [2236], 'Table': [2238], '4.': [2239, 2738], 'Figure': [2240], '4': [2241, 3859], 'provides': [2242], 'algorithm': [2244], 'AIH.': [2254, 2265, 3036], 'tests': [2259, 2267, 2309, 2319, 2338, 2347, 2384], 'assisting': [2260], 'Serological': [2266], 'undetermined': [2277, 3701], 'initial': [2280], 'battery': [2282], 'includes': [2283], 'assessments': [2284, 2343], '(LKM-1),': [2299], '(AMA).': [2303], 'results': [2305, 2380], 'then': [2310], 'direct': [2311], 'effort.': [2314], 'positive,': [2321], 'pursued.': [2335], 'negative,': [2340], 'appropriate,': [2345], 'actin': [2351], '(F-actin),': [2352], 'antigen/liver': [2355], 'pancreas': [2356], '(SLA/LP),': [2357], '(LC-1),': [2362], 'UDP-glucuronosyltransferases': [2363], '(LKM-3),': [2364], 'E2': [2366], 'subunits': [2367], 'pyruvate': [2370], 'dehydrogenase': [2371], 'complex': [2372, 2419, 2442], '(PDH-E2),': [2373], '(pANCA).': [2378], 'supplemental': [2383], 'cryptogenic': [2395], 'Multiple': [2398], 'associations': [2400, 2422, 2549], 'different': [2407], 'groups.29,141-154': [2409], 'histocompatibility': [2418], 'locus,': [2420], 'HLA': [2424, 2547], 'alleles': [2425], 'predisposition,': [2428], 'phenotype,': [2430], 'therapy,': [2433], 'outcome': [2435, 4107], 'studied.18,155-168': [2438], 'polygenic': [2443], 'disorder169': [2444], 'unlikely': [2445], 'transmitted': [2448], 'generations;': [2451], 'thus,': [2452], 'routine': [2453], 'members': [2459, 2606], 'recommended.': [2465], 'multiple': [2473, 2744], 'endocrine': [2474, 2745, 3489], 'organ': [2475], 'failure,': [2476], 'mucocutaneous': [2477], 'candidiasis,': [2478], 'ectodermal': [2480], 'dystrophy.': [2481], 'Such': [2482], 'rare': [2486], 'polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal': [2490], 'dystrophy': [2491], '(APECED),': [2492], 'caused': [2493], 'single-gene': [2496], 'mutation': [2497], 'chromosome': [2500], '21q22.3': [2501], 'affects': [2503], 'generation': [2505], 'regulator': [2509], '(AIRE)': [2510], 'protein.170': [2511], 'AIRE': [2512, 2761], 'transcription': [2515], 'factor': [2516], 'expressed': [2517], 'epithelial': [2519], 'dendritic': [2521], 'thymus': [2525], 'regulates': [2527], 'clonal': [2528], 'deletion': [2529], 'autoreactive': [2531], '(i.e.,': [2534], 'selection).': [2536], 'APECED': [2537, 2558, 2748, 3501], 'autosomal': [2540], 'recessive': [2541], 'inheritance': [2544], 'lacks': [2546], 'DR': [2548], 'female': [2551], 'predilection.': [2552], 'autoantigens': [2555], '1A2': [2562, 2573], '(CYP1A2),': [2563], 'CYP2A6': [2564], 'addition': [2566], 'CYP2D6.171-174': [2568], 'Antibodies': [2569, 2903], 'previously': [2575], 'called': [2576], 'anti': [2577], 'microsomal': [2579], '(anti-LM)': [2580], 'syndrome': [2588, 2749, 3016, 3279, 3298, 3502], 'involving': [2589], 'exhibits': [2592], 'Mendelian': [2594], 'inheritance,': [2597], 'counseling': [2600], 'warranted.': [2608], 'Recommendations:': [2609, 2982, 3683], '1.': [2610], 'made': [2617], 'when': [2618, 3106, 3414, 4052], 'signs': [2621], 'abnormalities': [2625, 3675], '(serum': [2626], 'AST': [2627, 3774], 'increased': [2631, 4111, 4178], 'γ-globulin),': [2636], '(ANA,': [2638], 'anti-LKM': [2640], '1,': [2641], 'anti-LC1),': [2643], '(interface': [2646], 'hepatitis)': [2647], 'present;': [2650], 'viral,': [2660], 'hereditary,': [2661], 'metabolic,': [2662], 'cholestatic,': [2663], 'drug-induced': [2665, 3261, 4181], 'diseases,': [2666], '(Class': [2672, 2701, 2734, 2763, 3037, 3709, 3736, 3760], 'I,': [2673, 2735, 2764, 3710, 3761], 'Level': [2674, 2703, 2736, 2765, 3039, 3711, 3738, 3762], 'B)': [2675, 2704, 2737], '2.': [2676], 'Diagnostically': [2677], 'few': [2682], 'systems': [2698], '3).': [2700], 'IIa,': [2702, 3038], '3.': [2705], 'whom': [2713], 'suspected,': [2716], 'markers,': [2719], 'least': [2722, 2868, 3778], 'tested.': [2729], '4;': [2731], 'Fig.': [2732], 'disorders,': [2746, 3381], 'testing': [2754], 'mutations': [2758], 'gene.': [2762], 'C)': [2766, 3040, 3712, 3739, 3763], 'Two': [2767], 'types': [2768, 2990], '(type': [2771, 2798, 2999, 3006], '2)': [2775], 'recognized': [2778], 'markers112,129,130,175': [2782], 'valid': [2789], 'pathological': [2792], 'entities.13': [2793], 'third': [2796], 'abandoned,': [2802], 'marker': [2806], '(anti-SLA)': [2807], 'AIH.176-179': [2819], 'Type': [2820, 2927], 'SMA': [2830, 2998], 'both,': [2832], 'constitutes': [2834], '80%': [2835], 'cases.175': [2838], 'Seventy': [2839], 'percent': [2840, 2856], 'female,': [2844], 'peak': [2847], 'ages': [2850], '16': [2851], '30': [2853, 2862], 'years.180,181': [2854], 'Fifty': [2855], 'older': [2860], 'years,': [2863], '23%': [2865], '60': [2869], 'years': [2870, 3203], 'old.38,43,44,181': [2871], 'Associations': [2872], '(15%-34%);': [2879], 'thyroid': [2883], 'synovitis,': [2885], 'celiac': [2886], 'ulcerative': [2889, 3521], 'colitis.43,44,182': [2890], 'At': [2891], 'diagnosis,': [2895], '∼25%': [2900], 'patients.183,184': [2902], 'emerged': [2907], 'possible': [2909, 3990], 'prognostic': [2910], 'prone': [2921], 'relapse': [2923], 'corticosteroid': [2925, 3652, 3731, 3856, 3951, 4081], 'withdrawal.134,137-140,179,185': [2926], 'anti-LKM1112': [2936], 'anti-LKM-3.': [2940], 'Most': [2941], 'usually': [2954], 'except': [2956], 'concentration': [2959], 'IgA,': [2961], 'reduced.112': [2965], 'Concurrent': [2966, 3506], 'common,112': [2970], 'occurs,112': [2974], 'possible.58,64': [2981], '5.': [2983], 'Classification': [2984], 'into': [2988, 3207], 'two': [2989], 'AIH)': [3001, 3008], 'homogeneity': [3021], 'investigations.': [3024], 'routinely': [3029], 'investigated': [3030], 'avoid': [3032], 'overlooking': [3033], 'PBC': [3043, 3128], 'histological,': [3048], 'AIH,95,206-212': [3056], 'syndromes.36,81,82,213-217': [3068], 'shared': [3071], 'confound': [3074, 3190], 'system.13,76,78': [3079], 'among': [3084, 3313], 'determined': [3089], '21%-54%': [3092], 'system,218,219': [3097], 'decreased': [3101], '8%': [3103, 3607], 'applied.206,220,221': [3113], 'Application': [3114], '141': [3125], '19%': [3131], '0%': [3133], 'scored': [3134], 'respectively.222': [3140], 'judgment': [3142], 'required': [3144], 'determine': [3146], 'predominant': [3148], 'phenotype': [3149], 'manage': [3155], 'appropriately.95,223': [3158], 'demonstrate': [3162], 'occur': [3170], '5%': [3173], '("serological': [3184], 'overlap"),178,224-228': [3185], 'disappear226': [3196], 'persist': [3198], 'long': [3200], '27': [3202], 'without': [3204, 3568, 3950], 'evolution': [3206], 'PBC.227': [3208], 'render': [3215], '"probable': [3219], 'patients,': [3223, 3926], 'sufficiently': [3230], 'strong.229,230': [3231], 'diverse': [3239], 'etiologies': [3240], 'alcoholic231': [3249], 'disease,232,233': [3254], 'acute234': [3255], 'chronic54,235-241': [3257], 'hepatitis.242,243': [3262], 'Drugs': [3263], 'minocycline,244-246': [3266], 'diclofenac,247,248': [3267], 'infliximab,249': [3268], 'propylthiouracil,250': [3269], 'atorvastatin,251': [3270], 'nitrofurantoin,252': [3271], 'methyl': [3272], 'dopa,253': [3273], 'isoniazid254': [3275], 'resembles': [3281], 'replete': [3283], 'disappear': [3288], 'discontinuation': [3290], 'drug.': [3293], 'Similarly,': [3294], 'AIH-like': [3296], 'various': [3303], 'herbal': [3304], 'medications255-258': [3305], 'vaccination.259-261': [3308], 'Manifestations': [3309], 'groups.': [3315], 'African-American': [3316], 'greater': [3320], 'white': [3328], 'Americans.26,31,32': [3329], 'Alaskan': [3330], 'natives': [3331], 'higher': [3334], 'icteric': [3338], 'non-native': [3341], 'counterparts,27': [3342], 'Middle': [3344], 'Eastern': [3345], 'features.28': [3350], 'Asian': [3351], 'late': [3356], 'mild': [3358, 3903, 3910, 3996, 4021, 4062, 4087], 'disease,20,262': [3359], 'South': [3361], 'inflammation.21,22': [3370], 'Aboriginal': [3371], 'Americans': [3373], 'disproportionately': [3376], 'immune-mediated': [3380, 3527], 'presentation,33,34': [3388], 'Somali': [3390], 'rapidly': [3396], 'disease.30': [3398], 'Socioeconomic': [3399], 'status,': [3400], 'healthcare': [3401], 'access,': [3402], 'factors': [3409], 'assessing': [3415], 'nonclassical': [3416], 'manifestations': [3418], 'racial': [3420], 'groups.31,32,263,264': [3421], 'mistaken': [3432], 'toxic': [3437], 'hepatitis.10,11,58,64,65,67,68,265': [3438], 'Sometimes': [3439], 'failure.': [3447], 'Corticosteroid': [3448, 4145], 'therapy': [3449, 3732, 4082, 4146], 'suppressing': [3454], '36%-100%': [3459], 'patients,11': [3461], 'delay': [3463], 'strong': [3469], 'impact': [3471], 'outcome.265-267': [3473], 'addition,': [3475], 'unrecognized': [3476], 'spontaneous': [3482, 4040], 'exacerbation': [3483], 'appear': [3485], 'acute.92': [3486], 'extrahepatic': [3488], 'excluded.268': [3505], 'disorders': [3508, 3528, 3550], 'mask': [3510], 'underlying': [3512], 'disease.16,17,38,43,44,182': [3514], 'thyroiditis,': [3516], "Graves'": [3517], 'synovitis': [3519], 'colitis': [3522], 'most': [3525, 3547], 'adults,43,44,180,270': [3535], 'I': [3538], 'diabetes': [3539, 4142], 'mellitus,': [3540], 'vitiligo,': [3541], 'thyroiditis': [3544], 'concurrent': [3549, 3616], 'anti-LKM1+': [3553], 'patients.112': [3555], 'present,': [3565, 3615], 'IBD.36': [3569], 'cholangiography': [3578], 'showing': [3579], 'suggestive': [3582], '44%': [3588], 'patients.81': [3590], 'magnetic': [3598], 'resonance': [3599], 'imaging': [3600], 'indicating': [3601], 'observed': [3605], 'patients.82': [3609], 'Unless': [3610], 'duct': [3612, 3674], 'affect': [3622], 'prognosis': [3624], 'AIH.81': [3626], 'Cholangiographic': [3627, 3714], 'well': [3640], 'refractory': [3646], 'treatment.': [3653], 'study,': [3658], '50%': [3659], 'characteristics': [3667], 'had': [3672], 'early': [3678], 'cholangiogram.36': [3682], '6.': [3684], 'cause,': [3702], '7.': [3713], 'there': [3725], 'months.': [3735], 'IIb,': [3737], '8.': [3740], 'All': [3741], 'IBD': [3752], 'undergo': [3754], 'cholangiographic': [3755], 'PSC.': [3759], '10-fold': [3779], 'upper': [3781], 'limit': [3782], 'normal': [3785, 4075], 'range': [3786], '(ULN)': [3787], 'five-fold': [3791], 'ULN': [3792, 3803], 'conjunction': [3794], 'γ-globulin': [3798], 'two-fold': [3802], 'mortality': [3807, 3839], '(60%': [3808], 'month)': [3811], 'untreated.': [3813], 'multilobular': [3821], 'progress': [3825, 4066], '82%': [3829], '45%.55,86,87': [3841], 'severity': [3849, 3885], 'absolute': [3853, 3875], 'indications': [3854, 3876, 3929], '(Tables': [3858], '5).274,275': [3861], 'Incapacitating': [3862], 'fatigue': [3870], 'arthralgia,': [3872], 'regardless': [3879], 'indices': [3882], '5).': [3887], 'history': [3890], 'uncertain': [3895, 3933], 'findings.': [3914], 'Prospective,': [3915], 'remain': [3932], 'individualized': [3936], '5).269,276': [3938], 'Asymptomatic': [3939], 'inactive': [3942, 3963, 4122, 4165], 'excellent': [3947], 'survival': [3949, 3969, 4027], 'treatment.8,9': [3952], '10-year': [3968, 4026], '80%.9': [3972], 'reliably': [3978], '"safe"': [3981], 'require': [3984], 'Spontaneous': [3987], 'resolution': [3988], 'improve': [4001], '(12%': [4004, 4057], '63%,': [4006], 'P': [4007, 4034], '<': [4008, 4035], '0.006)': [4009], 'slowly': [4012], 'treated': [4014, 4029], 'patients.269': [4015], 'counterparts': [4030], '(67%': [4031], '98%,': [4033], '0.01).269': [4036], 'improvement': [4041], 'counterbalanced': [4044], 'serious': [4049], 'drug-related': [4050], 'complications': [4051], 'making': [4053], 'decision': [4056], 'l4%).269': [4059], 'Since': [4060], 'rapid': [4069], 'complete': [4071], 'end': [4076], 'anticipated,': [4080], 'favored': [4084], 'young': [4091], 'likely': [4095, 4102], 'tolerate': [4097], 'medication': [4099], 'satisfactorily.269': [4100], 'Patients': [4101, 4163], 'poor': [4106], 'risk': [4112, 4179], 'intolerance,': [4115], 'postmenopausal': [4124], 'osteopenia': [4125], 'vertebral': [4127], 'compression,': [4128], 'emotional': [4129], 'instability': [4130], 'psychosis,': [4132], 'poorly': [4133], 'hypertension,': [4135], 'thiopurine': [4137], 'methyltransferase': [4138], 'activity,': [4139], 'brittle': [4141], '5).277': [4144], 'active': [4160], 'inflammation.': [4162], '"burned': [4167], 'out': [4168], 'cirrhosis"': [4169], 'cannot': [4170], 'therapy,9': [4173], 'side': [4182], 'effects': [4183], 'bec': [4184]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000959749', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 65}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 72}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 85}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 100}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 111}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 119}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 128}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 108}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 106}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 114}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 94}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 92}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-19T06:35:00.800670', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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