Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2000421881', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01029514', 'title': 'Asset specificity and vertical integration in franchising', 'display_name': 'Asset specificity and vertical integration in franchising', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2000421881', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01029514', 'mag': '2000421881'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01029514', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3416249', 'display_name': 'Review of Industrial Organization', 'issn_l': '0889-938X', 'issn': ['0889-938X', '1573-7160'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040206231', 'display_name': 'Alanson P. Minkler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I140172145', 'display_name': 'University of Connecticut', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02der9h97', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'funder', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alanson P. Minkler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department Of Economics, U-63, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department Of Economics, U-63, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I140172145']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012601129', 'display_name': 'Timothy A. Park', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165733156', 'display_name': 'University of Georgia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00te3t702', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'funder', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165733156']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Timothy A. Park', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. of Agricultural Economics , University of Georgia , Athens, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. of Agricultural Economics , University of Georgia , Athens, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165733156']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2290, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2890, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.95, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 114, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.960638, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '9', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '409', 'last_page': '423'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12933', 'display_name': 'Franchising Strategies and Performance', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12933', 'display_name': 'Franchising Strategies and Performance', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11043', 'display_name': 'Merger and Competition Analysis', 'score': 0.9725, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11182', 'display_name': 'Auction Theory and Applications', 'score': 0.9288, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-integration', 'display_name': 'Vertical Integration', 'score': 0.8338798}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/asset-specificity', 'display_name': 'Asset specificity', 'score': 0.8308791}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/degree', 'display_name': 'Degree (music)', 'score': 0.5300821}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181169782', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571520', 'display_name': 'Vertical integration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8338798}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778510605', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808810', 'display_name': 'Asset specificity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8308791}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76178495', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784', 'display_name': 'Asset (computer security)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6340084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98965940', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496', 'display_name': 'Transaction cost', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6026048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775997480', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277', 'display_name': 'Degree (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5300821}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5276683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783', 'display_name': 'Industrial organization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4741185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75949130', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010', 'display_name': 'Database transaction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44823426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41057718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C556758197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018', 'display_name': 'Monetary economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38902053}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37332726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33671242}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01029514', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3416249', 'display_name': 'Review of Industrial Organization', 'issn_l': '0889-938X', 'issn': ['0889-938X', '1573-7160'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'score': 0.43}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 30, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1523454398', 'https://openalex.org/W1525642163', 'https://openalex.org/W1531100425', 'https://openalex.org/W1533664000', 'https://openalex.org/W1550050602', 'https://openalex.org/W1550615903', 'https://openalex.org/W1552043930', 'https://openalex.org/W1558747506', 'https://openalex.org/W1565149137', 'https://openalex.org/W1825581076', 'https://openalex.org/W1828913196', 'https://openalex.org/W1969198189', 'https://openalex.org/W1971117263', 'https://openalex.org/W1987016659', 'https://openalex.org/W1991898766', 'https://openalex.org/W2007413532', 'https://openalex.org/W2035438980', 'https://openalex.org/W2035647360', 'https://openalex.org/W2044298381', 'https://openalex.org/W2048096078', 'https://openalex.org/W2074349742', 'https://openalex.org/W2075816373', 'https://openalex.org/W2102794150', 'https://openalex.org/W2333817497', 'https://openalex.org/W2566856888', 'https://openalex.org/W4230308017', 'https://openalex.org/W4247110188', 'https://openalex.org/W4297974475', 'https://openalex.org/W4298756225', 'https://openalex.org/W4302324995'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3125936296', 'https://openalex.org/W3125570584', 'https://openalex.org/W2899542094', 'https://openalex.org/W2550692890', 'https://openalex.org/W2373570448', 'https://openalex.org/W2116396791', 'https://openalex.org/W2091817904', 'https://openalex.org/W2023295939', 'https://openalex.org/W174107629', 'https://openalex.org/W1584443043'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000421881', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-25T10:36:19.838046', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}