Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1999599782', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14992020500057244', 'title': 'Cognitive performance and perceived effort in speech processing tasks: effects of different noise backgrounds in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects Desempeño cognitivo y percepción del esfuerzo en tareas de procesamiento del lenguaje: Efectos de las diferentes condiciones de fondo en sujetos normales e hipoacúsicos', 'display_name': 'Cognitive performance and perceived effort in speech processing tasks: effects of different noise backgrounds in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects Desempeño cognitivo y percepción del esfuerzo en tareas de procesamiento del lenguaje: Efectos de las diferentes condiciones de fondo en sujetos normales e hipoacúsicos', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1999599782', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14992020500057244', 'mag': '1999599782', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15916114'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14992020500057244', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S170890380', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Audiology', 'issn_l': '1499-2027', 'issn': ['1499-2027', '1708-8186'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036771982', 'display_name': 'Birgitta Larsby', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Birgitta Larsby', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Technical Audiology, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Technical Audiology, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Sweden', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005034879', 'display_name': 'Mathias Hällgren', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8858-0115'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mathias Hällgren', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Technical Audiology, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Technical Audiology, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Sweden', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047515523', 'display_name': 'Björn Lyxell', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-2495'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I102134673', 'display_name': 'Linköping University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ynxx418', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I102134673']}], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Björn Lyxell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['(Department of Behavioural Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '(Department of Behavioural Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I102134673']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020741540', 'display_name': 'Stig Arlinger', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stig Arlinger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Technical Audiology, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Technical Audiology, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Sweden', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.303, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 173, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999875, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '44', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '131', 'last_page': '143'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10283', 'display_name': 'Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10283', 'display_name': 'Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11692', 'display_name': 'Noise Effects and Management', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3616', 'display_name': 'Speech and Hearing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10334', 'display_name': 'Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics', 'score': 0.9966, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2809', 'display_name': 'Sensory Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quiet', 'display_name': 'QUIET', 'score': 0.84048927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-impaired', 'display_name': 'Hearing impaired', 'score': 0.43193492}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777185736', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265603', 'display_name': 'QUIET', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.84048927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548259974', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965', 'display_name': 'Audiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.8106278}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99498987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247', 'display_name': 'Noise (video)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7361539}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6584087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5369202}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99209842', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696', 'display_name': 'Speech perception', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46817723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3020736805', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16035842', 'display_name': 'Hearing impaired', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43193492}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26760741', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402', 'display_name': 'Perception', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3888018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15748867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.082158595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623', 'display_name': 'Image (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003071', 'descriptor_name': 'Cognition', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006311', 'descriptor_name': 'Hearing Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009622', 'descriptor_name': 'Noise', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005082', 'descriptor_name': 'Physical Exertion', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013067', 'descriptor_name': 'Speech Perception', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001309', 'descriptor_name': 'Auditory Threshold', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001309', 'descriptor_name': 'Auditory Threshold', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003657', 'descriptor_name': 'Decision Making', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006309', 'descriptor_name': 'Hearing', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006309', 'descriptor_name': 'Hearing', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006311', 'descriptor_name': 'Hearing Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006311', 'descriptor_name': 'Hearing Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011930', 'descriptor_name': 'Reaction Time', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012660', 'descriptor_name': 'Semantics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012720', 'descriptor_name': 'Severity of Illness Index', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14992020500057244', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S170890380', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Audiology', 'issn_l': '1499-2027', 'issn': ['1499-2027', '1708-8186'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15916114', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'No poverty', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1', 'score': 0.57}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W12044971', 'https://openalex.org/W145090652', 'https://openalex.org/W1593443460', 'https://openalex.org/W1966732596', 'https://openalex.org/W1968834633', 'https://openalex.org/W1969105061', 'https://openalex.org/W1974462889', 'https://openalex.org/W1974525874', 'https://openalex.org/W1983988683', 'https://openalex.org/W1985784335', 'https://openalex.org/W198777111', 'https://openalex.org/W1995876390', 'https://openalex.org/W2004872096', 'https://openalex.org/W2007674059', 'https://openalex.org/W2020760232', 'https://openalex.org/W2023325795', 'https://openalex.org/W2035505590', 'https://openalex.org/W2038010270', 'https://openalex.org/W2041409853', 'https://openalex.org/W2046485717', 'https://openalex.org/W2047229992', 'https://openalex.org/W2051182752', 'https://openalex.org/W2052539752', 'https://openalex.org/W2061390905', 'https://openalex.org/W2063393732', 'https://openalex.org/W2085309870', 'https://openalex.org/W2091766358', 'https://openalex.org/W2093346567', 'https://openalex.org/W2094915219', 'https://openalex.org/W2106437665', 'https://openalex.org/W2119131192', 'https://openalex.org/W2126750855', 'https://openalex.org/W2145678067', 'https://openalex.org/W2150423550', 'https://openalex.org/W2167685324', 'https://openalex.org/W2169125038', 'https://openalex.org/W2171316976', 'https://openalex.org/W2199505332', 'https://openalex.org/W2312386613', 'https://openalex.org/W278617304', 'https://openalex.org/W2897017092', 'https://openalex.org/W4239796705', 'https://openalex.org/W4253083418', 'https://openalex.org/W63730877'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W600323206', 'https://openalex.org/W4385663078', 'https://openalex.org/W3081281577', 'https://openalex.org/W2794346499', 'https://openalex.org/W2617212517', 'https://openalex.org/W2125665668', 'https://openalex.org/W2108511057', 'https://openalex.org/W1975845257', 'https://openalex.org/W1968366708', 'https://openalex.org/W1931231382'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Cognitive': [0], 'tests': [1], 'of': [2, 34, 46, 62, 72, 84, 119], 'speech': [3, 76], 'understanding': [4], 'were': [5, 91, 142, 166], 'administered': [6], '(presented': [7], 'as': [8, 93], 'text,': [9], 'or': [10, 13], 'in': [11, 24, 28, 31, 39, 74, 81, 96, 134, 173], 'auditory': [12], 'audiovisual': [14], 'modality)': [15], 'and': [16, 30, 42, 54, 70, 79, 150], 'perceived': [17, 85], 'effort': [18], 'was': [19, 22, 115], 'rated.': [20], 'This': [21], 'done': [23], 'four': [25], 'background': [26], 'conditions:': [27], 'silence,': [29], 'three': [32, 121], 'types': [33], 'noise': [35, 63, 99, 107, 122, 135, 146, 153], '(S/N=+10': [36], 'dB)': [37], 'varying': [38], 'temporal': [40, 109, 137, 148], 'structure': [41], 'meaningfulness.': [43], 'Four': [44], 'groups': [45], '12': [47], 'subjects': [48, 130, 141], 'each': [49], '(young/elderly': [50], 'with': [51, 56, 108, 136, 147, 154, 163], 'normal': [52], 'hearing': [53, 57], 'young/elderly': [55], 'impairment)': [58], 'participated.': [59], 'The': [60, 139], 'presence': [61], 'had': [64], 'a': [65], 'negative': [66], 'effect': [67], 'on': [68], 'accuracy': [69], 'speed': [71], 'performance': [73, 97], 'the': [75, 89, 103, 106, 116, 120, 125, 128, 174], 'processing': [77], 'tasks,': [78], 'resulted': [80], 'higher': [82], 'scores': [83, 127], 'effort,': [86], 'even': [87], 'when': [88], 'stimuli': [90], 'presented': [92], 'text.': [94], 'Differences': [95], 'between': [98], 'conditions': [100], 'existed.': [101], 'In': [102, 124, 157], 'subjective': [104], 'scores,': [105], 'variations,': [110, 149], 'but': [111], 'without': [112], 'meaningful': [113, 155], 'content,': [114], 'most': [117], 'disruptive': [118], 'conditions.': [123], 'objective': [126], 'hearing-impaired': [129], 'showed': [131], 'poorer': [132], 'results': [133], 'variations.': [138], 'elderly': [140], 'more': [143, 167], 'distracted': [144], 'by': [145, 152], 'especially': [151], 'content.': [156], 'noise,': [158], 'all': [159], 'subjects,': [160], 'particularly': [161], 'those': [162], 'impaired': [164], 'hearing,': [165], 'dependent': [168], 'upon': [169], 'visual': [170], 'cues': [171], 'than': [172], 'quiet': [175], 'condition.': [176]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999599782', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T04:19:57.367610', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}