Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W199852643', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2755-9_10', 'title': 'Opening the Black Box', 'display_name': 'Opening the Black Box', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W199852643', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2755-9_10', 'mag': '199852643'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2755-9_10', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463937', 'display_name': 'Springer eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037605512', 'display_name': 'Sybille Hinze', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1729-5680'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210131336', 'display_name': 'Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vyq6t71', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131336', 'https://openalex.org/I4923324']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sybille Hinze', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131336']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090293394', 'display_name': 'Ulrich Schmoch', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-5115'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210131336', 'display_name': 'Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vyq6t71', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131336', 'https://openalex.org/I4923324']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ulrich Schmoch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131336']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.628, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 54, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.978788, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '215', 'last_page': '235'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10856', 'display_name': 'Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1405', 'display_name': 'Management of Technology and Innovation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10856', 'display_name': 'Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1405', 'display_name': 'Management of Technology and Innovation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12722', 'display_name': 'The Impact of R&D Subsidies on Private R&D Investment', 'score': 0.9689, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14293', 'display_name': 'Global Health Biotechnology and Innovation', 'score': 0.9059, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-analysis', 'display_name': 'Patent Analysis', 'score': 0.66099}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness', 'display_name': 'Completeness (order theory)', 'score': 0.5634329}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/position', 'display_name': 'Position (finance)', 'score': 0.50322074}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57528514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17231256', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540', 'display_name': 'Completeness (order theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5634329}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198082294', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648', 'display_name': 'Position (finance)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50322074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780428219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335', 'display_name': 'Cover (algebra)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4476388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42475967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292', 'display_name': 'Operations research', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3808548}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148383697', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695', 'display_name': 'Regional science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3792035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33989567}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162118730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453', 'display_name': 'Actuarial science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33906808}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3347693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155202549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803', 'display_name': 'International trade', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32721764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31678712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.26826787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2571913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16736478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1000655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08691886}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2755-9_10', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463937', 'display_name': 'Springer eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1502318924', 'https://openalex.org/W1585117932', 'https://openalex.org/W1966957980', 'https://openalex.org/W1976395435', 'https://openalex.org/W1981741124', 'https://openalex.org/W1992172127', 'https://openalex.org/W2022905584', 'https://openalex.org/W2027667568', 'https://openalex.org/W2046890673', 'https://openalex.org/W2053122903', 'https://openalex.org/W2056909456', 'https://openalex.org/W2073201008', 'https://openalex.org/W2080476054', 'https://openalex.org/W2089302091', 'https://openalex.org/W2090891906', 'https://openalex.org/W2242171410', 'https://openalex.org/W3122424070', 'https://openalex.org/W3123115644', 'https://openalex.org/W4237697800', 'https://openalex.org/W4247714618', 'https://openalex.org/W4286779346', 'https://openalex.org/W658546141'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W623607250', 'https://openalex.org/W4301250310', 'https://openalex.org/W4245429118', 'https://openalex.org/W4237277701', 'https://openalex.org/W4232403550', 'https://openalex.org/W2121424666', 'https://openalex.org/W2067700950', 'https://openalex.org/W2055420561', 'https://openalex.org/W2030928163', 'https://openalex.org/W1587028174'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W199852643', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-08T16:30:50.510674', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}