Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1998327817', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)70917-0', 'title': 'Nasal oxygen alleviates hypoxemia in colonoscopy patients sedated with midazolam and meperidine', 'display_name': 'Nasal oxygen alleviates hypoxemia in colonoscopy patients sedated with midazolam and meperidine', 'publication_year': 1990, 'publication_date': '1990-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1998327817', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)70917-0', 'mag': '1998327817', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2311881'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)70917-0', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S28527816', 'display_name': 'Gastrointestinal Endoscopy', 'issn_l': '0016-5107', 'issn': ['0016-5107', '1085-8741', '1097-6779'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)70917-0', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034763139', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey B. Gross', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey B. Gross', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine, (Gastroenterology Section), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine, (Gastroenterology Section), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112074699', 'display_name': 'William B. Long', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'William B. Long', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology Section), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology Section), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3450, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3450, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 3450, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3450, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 3.47, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 38, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.895, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '36', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '26', 'last_page': '29'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10436', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia and Sedative Agents', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2703', 'display_name': 'Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10436', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia and Sedative Agents', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2703', 'display_name': 'Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10984', 'display_name': 'Sinusitis and nasal conditions', 'score': 0.9831, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2733', 'display_name': 'Otorhinolaryngology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11669', 'display_name': 'Head and Neck Surgical Oncology', 'score': 0.9771, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/midazolam', 'display_name': 'Midazolam', 'score': 0.7807172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/room-air-distribution', 'display_name': 'Room air distribution', 'score': 0.6036847}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-saturation', 'display_name': 'Oxygen Saturation', 'score': 0.4681694}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9403582}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.8477702}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778000748', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423071', 'display_name': 'Midazolam', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7807172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776779939', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479485', 'display_name': 'Hypoxemia', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7641623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70289976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143603', 'display_name': 'Oxygenation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64110905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20564796', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428108', 'display_name': 'Room air distribution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6036847}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C540031477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629', 'display_name': 'Oxygen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50162387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76538665', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294669', 'display_name': 'Oxygen saturation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4681694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778435480', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840387', 'display_name': 'Colonoscopy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.462942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776814716', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574801', 'display_name': 'Sedation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.30489433}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13006467}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C526805850', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874', 'display_name': 'Colorectal cancer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121608353', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078', 'display_name': 'Cancer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003113', 'descriptor_name': 'Colonoscopy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000860', 'descriptor_name': 'Hypoxia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008614', 'descriptor_name': 'Meperidine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008874', 'descriptor_name': 'Midazolam', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010100', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxygen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000281', 'descriptor_name': 'Administration, Intranasal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000704', 'descriptor_name': 'Analysis of Variance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000860', 'descriptor_name': 'Hypoxia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008614', 'descriptor_name': 'Meperidine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008874', 'descriptor_name': 'Midazolam', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010100', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxygen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011897', 'descriptor_name': 'Random Allocation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)70917-0', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S28527816', 'display_name': 'Gastrointestinal Endoscopy', 'issn_l': '0016-5107', 'issn': ['0016-5107', '1085-8741', '1097-6779'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2311881', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(90)70917-0', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S28527816', 'display_name': 'Gastrointestinal Endoscopy', 'issn_l': '0016-5107', 'issn': ['0016-5107', '1085-8741', '1097-6779'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.68}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 23, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W117986188', 'https://openalex.org/W1558808741', 'https://openalex.org/W1973544654', 'https://openalex.org/W1978636031', 'https://openalex.org/W1982277489', 'https://openalex.org/W1984536758', 'https://openalex.org/W1988502266', 'https://openalex.org/W1990020707', 'https://openalex.org/W2013351414', 'https://openalex.org/W2013996289', 'https://openalex.org/W2031416210', 'https://openalex.org/W2054086053', 'https://openalex.org/W2069535946', 'https://openalex.org/W2072959440', 'https://openalex.org/W2077308104', 'https://openalex.org/W2086401173', 'https://openalex.org/W2092799575', 'https://openalex.org/W2117502163', 'https://openalex.org/W2154597501', 'https://openalex.org/W2156732155', 'https://openalex.org/W2164688799', 'https://openalex.org/W2414990448', 'https://openalex.org/W4295845514'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3210706390', 'https://openalex.org/W2766335932', 'https://openalex.org/W2589611144', 'https://openalex.org/W2422848256', 'https://openalex.org/W2413627741', 'https://openalex.org/W2406786822', 'https://openalex.org/W2390627591', 'https://openalex.org/W2390345563', 'https://openalex.org/W2039034696', 'https://openalex.org/W1972607051'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0, 201], 'randomized': [1, 202], 'study': [2, 203], 'was': [3, 82, 85, 139, 204, 283, 286, 340], 'carried': [4, 205], 'out': [5, 206], 'to': [6, 51, 207, 252], 'determine': [7, 208], 'whether': [8, 209], 'the': [9, 76, 145, 150, 177, 210, 277, 346, 351, 378], 'administration': [10, 169, 211, 370], 'of': [11, 66, 70, 147, 163, 170, 179, 196, 212, 267, 271, 348, 364, 371, 380, 397], 'oxygen': [12, 47, 92, 111, 119, 153, 171, 191, 213, 248, 293, 312, 320, 354, 372, 392], '(3': [13, 214], 'liter/min)': [14, 215], 'via': [15, 172, 216, 373], 'nasal': [16, 91, 173, 190, 217, 292, 374, 391], 'prongs': [17, 174, 218, 375], 'significantly': [18, 86, 114, 219, 287, 315], 'affects': [19, 220], 'arterial': [20, 197, 221, 398], 'oxygenation': [21, 198, 222, 399], 'during': [22, 79, 181, 223, 280, 382], 'colonoscopy': [23, 224], 'in': [24, 88, 98, 116, 124, 225, 289, 299, 317, 325], 'patients': [25, 89, 99, 117, 125, 135, 226, 290, 300, 318, 326, 336], 'sedated': [26, 227], 'with': [27, 161, 228, 362], 'intravenous': [28, 229], 'midazolam': [29, 156, 230, 357], '(2.6': [30, 231], '±': [31, 35, 40, 94, 104, 121, 129, 232, 236, 241, 295, 305, 322, 330], '0.2': [32, 233], 'mg,': [33, 234], 'X¯': [34, 235], 'SE)': [36, 237], 'and': [37, 149, 238, 350], 'meperidine': [38, 148, 239, 349], '(48': [39, 240], '3': [41, 242], 'mg).': [42, 243], 'Patients': [43, 244], 'who': [44, 61, 245, 262], 'received': [45, 246], 'supplemental': [46, 247], 'were': [48, 113, 249, 314], 'less': [49, 87, 250, 288], 'likely': [50, 251], 'become': [52, 253], 'hypoxic': [53, 254], '(pulse': [54, 255], 'oximeter': [55, 256], 'reading,': [56, 257], 'SPO2': [57, 81, 258, 282], '<90%)': [58, 259], 'than': [59, 97, 123, 260, 298, 324], 'those': [60, 261], 'breathed': [62, 263], 'room': [63, 101, 264, 302], 'air': [64, 102, 127, 265, 303, 328], '(10': [65, 266], '28': [67, 268], 'vs.': [68, 269], '22': [69, 270], '28,': [71, 272], 'p': [72, 107, 131, 273, 308, 332], '<': [73, 108, 132, 274, 309, 333], '0.005).': [74, 275], 'Similarly,': [75, 276], 'total': [77, 278], 'time': [78, 279], 'which': [80, 281], 'below': [83, 284], '90%': [84, 285], 'receiving': [90, 118, 291, 319], '(0.7': [93, 294], '0.3': [95, 296], 'min)': [96, 297], 'breathing': [100, 126, 136, 301, 327, 337], '(9.7': [103, 304], '1.9': [105, 306], 'min,': [106, 307], '0.001).': [109, 133, 310, 334], 'Minimum': [110, 311], 'saturations': [112, 313], 'higher': [115, 316], '(90.6': [120, 321], '0.8%)': [122, 323], '(86.5': [128, 329], '0.8%,': [130, 331], 'In': [134, 335], 'air,': [137, 338], 'there': [138, 339], 'a': [140, 341], 'significant': [141, 342], 'negative': [142, 343], 'correlation': [143, 344], 'between': [144, 345], 'dose': [146, 157, 347, 358], 'minimum': [151, 352], 'observed': [152, 353], 'saturation;': [154, 355], 'conversely,': [155, 356], 'did': [158, 359], 'not': [159, 360], 'correlate': [160, 361], 'indices': [162, 363], 'hypoxemia.': [164, 365], 'The': [165, 366], 'authors': [166, 367], 'conclude': [167, 368], 'that': [168, 369], 'can': [175, 376], 'reduce': [176, 377], 'risk': [178, 379], 'hypoxemia': [180, 185, 381, 386], 'colonoscopy.': [182, 383], 'However,': [183, 384], 'since': [184, 385], 'may': [186, 387], 'occur': [187, 388], 'even': [188, 389], 'when': [189, 390], 'is': [192, 199, 393, 400], 'given,': [193, 394], 'continuous': [194, 395], 'monitoring': [195, 396], 'recommended.': [200, 401]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998327817', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T14:36:44.012300', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}