Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1998238849', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743806412459', 'title': 'AL-AHBASH AND WAHHABIYYA: INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAM', 'display_name': 'AL-AHBASH AND WAHHABIYYA: INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAM', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-10-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1998238849', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743806412459', 'mag': '1998238849'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743806412459', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S87435064', 'display_name': 'International Journal Middle East Studies', 'issn_l': '0020-7438', 'issn': ['0020-7438', '1471-6380'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046422977', 'display_name': 'Mustafa Kabha', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I164950643', 'display_name': 'Open University of Israel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027z64205', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I164950643']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mustafa Kabha', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Mustafa Kabha is Lecturer in the Department of History, Open University of Israel, Ra[hamza ]anana 43107, Israel;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mustafa Kabha is Lecturer in the Department of History, Open University of Israel, Ra[hamza ]anana 43107, Israel;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I164950643']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085529226', 'display_name': 'Haggai Erlich', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I164950643', 'display_name': 'Open University of Israel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027z64205', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I164950643']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I16391192', 'display_name': 'Tel Aviv University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mhzgx49', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I16391192']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Haggai Erlich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Haggai Erlich is Professor Emeritus, Department of Middle Eastern and African History, Tel Aviv University, and Academic Advisor, Open University of Israel, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Haggai Erlich is Professor Emeritus, Department of Middle Eastern and African History, Tel Aviv University, and Academic Advisor, Open University of Israel, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I164950643', 'https://openalex.org/I16391192']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.253, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 35, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.976181, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '38', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '519', 'last_page': '538'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13504', 'display_name': 'African history and culture analysis', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13504', 'display_name': 'African history and culture analysis', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13456', 'display_name': 'Religion, Society, and Development', 'score': 0.9665, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10794', 'display_name': 'Islamic Studies and History', 'score': 0.9559, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rivalry', 'display_name': 'Rivalry', 'score': 0.6801865}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-studies', 'display_name': 'Islamic Studies', 'score': 0.4898145}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4445939', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432', 'display_name': 'Islam', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.95100176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779602485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2901966', 'display_name': 'Rivalry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6801865}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C527412718', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395', 'display_name': 'Interpretation (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6115043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60534644}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3651065', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204', 'display_name': 'Middle East', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.59453654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28322926', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843909', 'display_name': 'Islamic studies', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4898145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42261285}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40655684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24667770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187', 'display_name': 'Religious studies', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37054476}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195244886', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493', 'display_name': 'Ancient history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32309827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19750494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09749481}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09000048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743806412459', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S87435064', 'display_name': 'International Journal Middle East Studies', 'issn_l': '0020-7438', 'issn': ['0020-7438', '1471-6380'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W579996561', 'https://openalex.org/W4248267799', 'https://openalex.org/W2936377987', 'https://openalex.org/W2896609278', 'https://openalex.org/W2610180872', 'https://openalex.org/W2308008574', 'https://openalex.org/W2168244965', 'https://openalex.org/W2110202606', 'https://openalex.org/W1599559094', 'https://openalex.org/W1494663680'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Islam': [0, 13, 121, 195], 'is': [1, 36, 125, 206], 'a': [2, 156, 225, 269, 299], 'universal': [3], 'religion': [4], 'and': [5, 74, 190, 240, 256, 274, 317, 333], 'culture.': [6], 'Scholars': [7], 'who': [8], 'tend': [9], 'to': [10, 50, 87, 151, 173, 196, 209, 221, 234, 322], 'focus': [11], 'on': [12, 187, 228], 'in': [14, 26, 34, 41, 128, 179, 246, 281, 295, 303], 'specific': [15], 'societies': [16], 'may': [17], 'overlook': [18], 'connections': [19], 'that,': [20], 'over': [21, 339], 'the': [22, 37, 42, 51, 65, 81, 97, 107, 113, 117, 123, 126, 131, 176, 180, 213, 219, 236, 243, 247, 264, 282, 286, 296, 323, 340], 'centuries,': [23], 'were': [24], 'important': [25], 'shaping': [27], 'various': [28], 'Islamic': [29, 100, 135, 198, 216], 'intercultural': [30], 'dialogs.': [31], 'One': [32], 'case': [33], 'point': [35], 'role': [38], 'of': [39, 44, 53, 64, 99, 112, 116, 119, 130, 134, 160, 170, 194, 212, 224, 266, 271, 285, 311, 314, 325], 'Ethiopia': [40, 55, 154, 267], 'history': [43, 217], 'Islam.': [45], 'Although': [46], 'situated': [47], 'next': [48], 'door': [49], 'cradle': [52], 'Islam,': [54, 161], 'conveniently': [56], 'has': [57, 84, 94], 'been': [58, 96, 261], 'perceived': [59], 'by': [60, 252, 309], 'many': [61, 197], 'Western': [62], 'historians': [63], 'Arab': [66], 'Middle': [67, 108, 214], 'East': [68], 'as': [69, 75, 144, 199, 201, 218, 268, 306, 308, 329], 'an': [70, 207, 222], 'African': [71], '“Christian': [72], 'island,”': [73], 'largely': [76], 'irrelevant.': [77], 'In': [78], 'practice,': [79], 'however,': [80], 'Christian-dominated': [82], 'empire': [83], 'remained': [85], 'meaningful': [86], 'all': [88, 188, 338], 'Muslims': [89], 'from': [90, 153, 337], "Islam's": [91, 326], 'inception.': [92], 'It': [93, 232, 249], 'also': [95], 'home': [98], 'communities': [101], 'that': [102], 'maintained': [103], 'constant': [104], 'contact': [105], 'with': [106, 155, 167, 242, 277], 'East.': [109], 'Indeed,': [110], 'one': [111], 'side': [114], 'aspects': [115, 279], 'resurgence': [118], 'political': [120, 165], 'since': [122], '1970s': [124], 'emergence': [127], 'Lebanon': [129, 171], '“The': [132, 145], 'Association': [133], 'Philanthropic': [136], 'Projects”': [137], '(Jamעiyyat': [138], 'al-Mashariע': [139], 'al-Khayriyya': [140], 'al-Islamiyya),': [141], 'better': [142], 'known': [143], 'Ethiopians,”': [146], 'al-Ahbash.': [147], 'Its': [148], 'leader': [149], 'came': [150], 'Beirut': [152], 'rather': [157], 'flexible': [158], 'interpretation': [159, 193], 'which': [162, 259], 'revolved': [163], 'around': [164], 'coexistence': [166], 'Christians.': [168], 'Al-Ahbash': [169], 'expanded': [172], 'become': [174], 'arguably': [175], 'leading': [177], 'factor': [178], 'local': [181], 'Sunni': [182], 'community.': [183], 'They': [184], 'opened': [185], 'branches': [186], 'continents': [189], 'spread': [191], 'their': [192, 275], 'well': [200, 307], 'non-Islamic': [202], 'countries.': [203], 'This': [204], 'article': [205], 'attempt': [208], 'relate': [210], 'some': [211], 'Eastern–Ethiopian': [215], 'background': [220, 265], 'analysis': [223], 'significant': [226], 'issue': [227], "today's": [229], 'all-Islamic': [230], 'agenda.': [231], 'aims': [233], 'present': [235], 'Ahbash': [237], 'history,': [238], 'beliefs,': [239], 'rivalry': [241, 293], 'Wahhabiyya': [244], 'beginning': [245], 'mid-1980s.': [248], 'does': [250], 'so': [251], 'addressing': [253], 'conceptual,': [254], 'political,': [255], 'theological': [257], 'aspects,': [258], 'had': [260], 'developed': [262, 280], 'against': [263], 'land': [270], 'Islamic–Christian': [272], 'dialogue,': [273], 'collision': [276], 'respective': [278], 'Wahhabi': [283], 'kingdom': [284], 'Saudis.': [287], 'The': [288], 'contemporary': [289], 'inner-Islamic,': [290], 'Ahbash-Wahhabiyya': [291], 'conceptual': [292], 'turned': [294], '1990s': [297], 'into': [298], 'verbal': [300], 'war': [301], 'conducted': [302], 'traditional': [304], 'ways,': [305], 'means': [310], 'modern': [312], 'channels': [313], 'Internet': [315], 'exchanges': [316], 'polemics.': [318], 'Their': [319], 'debate': [320], 'goes': [321], 'heart': [324], 'major': [327], 'dilemmas': [328], 'it': [330], 'attracts': [331], 'attention': [332], 'draws': [334], 'active': [335], 'participation': [336], 'world.': [341]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998238849', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-10T00:24:36.832138', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}