Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1996773532', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1145/4078.4081', 'title': 'Three-dimensional object recognition', 'display_name': 'Three-dimensional object recognition', 'publication_year': 1985, 'publication_date': '1985-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1996773532', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1145/4078.4081', 'mag': '1996773532'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1145/4078.4081', 'pdf_url': 'https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/4078.4081', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S157921468', 'display_name': 'ACM Computing Surveys', 'issn_l': '0360-0300', 'issn': ['0360-0300', '1557-7341'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319798', 'host_organization_name': 'Association for Computing Machinery', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319798'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Association for Computing Machinery'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/4078.4081', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056369189', 'display_name': 'Paul J. Besl', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul J. Besl', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010478919', 'display_name': 'Ramesh Jain', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-4966'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ramesh C. Jain', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 25.87, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 983, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.944444, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '17', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '75', 'last_page': '145'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10191', 'display_name': 'Simultaneous Localization and Mapping', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10191', 'display_name': 'Simultaneous Localization and Mapping', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10531', 'display_name': 'Stereo Vision and Depth Estimation', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12549', 'display_name': 'Robust Line and Curve Detection using Hough Transform', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-mapping', 'display_name': '3D Mapping', 'score': 0.563887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection', 'display_name': 'Edge Detection', 'score': 0.517356}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-single-object-recognition', 'display_name': '3D single-object recognition', 'score': 0.51372635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-d-cameras', 'display_name': 'RGB-D Cameras', 'score': 0.510381}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-detection', 'display_name': 'Real-Time Detection', 'score': 0.507029}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.886509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6473119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64876066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226', 'display_name': 'Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63306606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.599293}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204323151', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424', 'display_name': 'Range (aeronautics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5677353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781238097', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026', 'display_name': 'Object (grammar)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55727506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14551309', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636325', 'display_name': '3D single-object recognition', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.51372635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9417928', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689', 'display_name': 'Image processing', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42881283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623', 'display_name': 'Image (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27433276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1145/4078.4081', 'pdf_url': 'https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/4078.4081', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S157921468', 'display_name': 'ACM Computing Surveys', 'issn_l': '0360-0300', 'issn': ['0360-0300', '1557-7341'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319798', 'host_organization_name': 'Association for Computing Machinery', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319798'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Association for Computing Machinery'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1145/4078.4081', 'pdf_url': 'https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/4078.4081', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S157921468', 'display_name': 'ACM Computing Surveys', 'issn_l': '0360-0300', 'issn': ['0360-0300', '1557-7341'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319798', 'host_organization_name': 'Association for Computing Machinery', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319798'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Association for Computing Machinery'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'score': 0.48}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 155, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W10195015', 'https://openalex.org/W108837414', 'https://openalex.org/W121511052', 'https://openalex.org/W126654702', 'https://openalex.org/W12849112', 'https://openalex.org/W136365859', 'https://openalex.org/W138022751', 'https://openalex.org/W1489263309', 'https://openalex.org/W1507995907', 'https://openalex.org/W1511269085', 'https://openalex.org/W151154172', 'https://openalex.org/W1528760644', 'https://openalex.org/W1531542706', 'https://openalex.org/W154157134', 'https://openalex.org/W1559427309', 'https://openalex.org/W1569094508', 'https://openalex.org/W1587467920', 'https://openalex.org/W1622620102', 'https://openalex.org/W1634431074', 'https://openalex.org/W1753064033', 'https://openalex.org/W1845554153', 'https://openalex.org/W1852924452', 'https://openalex.org/W1861436941', 'https://openalex.org/W186878922', 'https://openalex.org/W1891438560', 'https://openalex.org/W1901244654', 'https://openalex.org/W1964075818', 'https://openalex.org/W1967721316', 'https://openalex.org/W1968775454', 'https://openalex.org/W1969109603', 'https://openalex.org/W1969827350', 'https://openalex.org/W1970657734', 'https://openalex.org/W1975470983', 'https://openalex.org/W1975958771', 'https://openalex.org/W1979911837', 'https://openalex.org/W1984196856', 'https://openalex.org/W1985053969', 'https://openalex.org/W1987027398', 'https://openalex.org/W1988152035', 'https://openalex.org/W1988552531', 'https://openalex.org/W1988785119', 'https://openalex.org/W1989209701', 'https://openalex.org/W1990779621', 'https://openalex.org/W1991450655', 'https://openalex.org/W1991651582', 'https://openalex.org/W1994430026', 'https://openalex.org/W1996325171', 'https://openalex.org/W1999778518', 'https://openalex.org/W2000134108', 'https://openalex.org/W2000367729', 'https://openalex.org/W2001127164', 'https://openalex.org/W2001711258', 'https://openalex.org/W2004532924', 'https://openalex.org/W2006142847', 'https://openalex.org/W2006596893', 'https://openalex.org/W2007567313', 'https://openalex.org/W2007914374', 'https://openalex.org/W2012255873', 'https://openalex.org/W2013599012', 'https://openalex.org/W2015975137', 'https://openalex.org/W2016039978', 'https://openalex.org/W2017663184', 'https://openalex.org/W2020156682', 'https://openalex.org/W2021837716', 'https://openalex.org/W2022140147', 'https://openalex.org/W2022760621', 'https://openalex.org/W2027600454', 'https://openalex.org/W2033133438', 'https://openalex.org/W2034694563', 'https://openalex.org/W2037118864', 'https://openalex.org/W203713847', 'https://openalex.org/W2037365151', 'https://openalex.org/W2037732452', 'https://openalex.org/W2042463931', 'https://openalex.org/W2047074932', 'https://openalex.org/W2048781344', 'https://openalex.org/W2052272882', 'https://openalex.org/W2053137737', 'https://openalex.org/W2053939793', 'https://openalex.org/W2054275965', 'https://openalex.org/W2054349093', 'https://openalex.org/W2061883188', 'https://openalex.org/W2063203452', 'https://openalex.org/W2066154577', 'https://openalex.org/W2067295220', 'https://openalex.org/W2071086879', 'https://openalex.org/W2074520115', 'https://openalex.org/W2074954154', 'https://openalex.org/W2078984869', 'https://openalex.org/W2083043519', 'https://openalex.org/W2083432305', 'https://openalex.org/W2083632529', 'https://openalex.org/W2083678043', 'https://openalex.org/W2086219227', 'https://openalex.org/W2092352808', 'https://openalex.org/W2094416863', 'https://openalex.org/W2095989672', 'https://openalex.org/W2096268286', 'https://openalex.org/W2099961791', 'https://openalex.org/W2100185791', 'https://openalex.org/W2100389516', 'https://openalex.org/W2102803835', 'https://openalex.org/W2102902467', 'https://openalex.org/W2107098424', 'https://openalex.org/W2108329881', 'https://openalex.org/W2108729336', 'https://openalex.org/W2110432750', 'https://openalex.org/W2113511941', 'https://openalex.org/W2130755868', 'https://openalex.org/W2134748759', 'https://openalex.org/W2135951668', 'https://openalex.org/W2136186816', 'https://openalex.org/W2139239507', 'https://openalex.org/W2143182795', 'https://openalex.org/W2145086237', 'https://openalex.org/W2147327460', 'https://openalex.org/W2155967365', 'https://openalex.org/W2163775665', 'https://openalex.org/W2164686389', 'https://openalex.org/W2164934677', 'https://openalex.org/W2165895063', 'https://openalex.org/W2167558105', 'https://openalex.org/W2204006686', 'https://openalex.org/W2248089181', 'https://openalex.org/W2296589133', 'https://openalex.org/W2322951925', 'https://openalex.org/W235936116', 'https://openalex.org/W2394015511', 'https://openalex.org/W24360331', 'https://openalex.org/W2531563875', 'https://openalex.org/W259717050', 'https://openalex.org/W2600683898', 'https://openalex.org/W2608599102', 'https://openalex.org/W2622347119', 'https://openalex.org/W2740373864', 'https://openalex.org/W2886362482', 'https://openalex.org/W2913090860', 'https://openalex.org/W3000807676', 'https://openalex.org/W3019774091', 'https://openalex.org/W311394431', 'https://openalex.org/W3159914786', 'https://openalex.org/W343528036', 'https://openalex.org/W349694116', 'https://openalex.org/W35459112', 'https://openalex.org/W41074368', 'https://openalex.org/W418482196', 'https://openalex.org/W4244152159', 'https://openalex.org/W4247381127', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4298294117', 'https://openalex.org/W4299445015', 'https://openalex.org/W55294747', 'https://openalex.org/W7224686', 'https://openalex.org/W73093357', 'https://openalex.org/W771176717'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W949345935', 'https://openalex.org/W2974914859', 'https://openalex.org/W2769899322', 'https://openalex.org/W2578478211', 'https://openalex.org/W2387237626', 'https://openalex.org/W2207218974', 'https://openalex.org/W2114275278', 'https://openalex.org/W2026565050', 'https://openalex.org/W196505194', 'https://openalex.org/W1489511283'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0], 'general-purpose': [1], 'computer': [2], 'vision': [3], 'system': [4], 'must': [5], 'be': [6], 'capable': [7], 'of': [8, 19, 50], 'recognizing': [9], 'three-dimensional': [10], '(3-D)': [11], 'objects.': [12], 'This': [13], 'paper': [14], 'proposes': [15], 'a': [16], 'precise': [17], 'definition': [18], 'the': [20, 34], '3-D': [21], 'object': [22], 'recognition': [23], 'problem,': [24, 31], 'discusses': [25], 'basic': [26], 'concepts': [27], 'associated': [28], 'with': [29], 'this': [30], 'and': [32, 57], 'reviews': [33], 'relevant': [35], 'literature.': [36], 'Because': [37], 'range': [38, 59], 'images': [39], '(or': [40], 'depth': [41], 'maps)': [42], 'are': [43, 61], 'often': [44], 'used': [45], 'as': [46], 'sensor': [47], 'input': [48], 'instead': [49], 'intensity': [51], 'images,': [52], 'techniques': [53], 'for': [54], 'obtaining,': [55], 'processing,': [56], 'characterizing': [58], 'data': [60], 'also': [62], 'surveyed.': [63]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996773532', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 14}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-23T23:16:24.430481', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}