Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1994758141', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02553', 'title': 'Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells', 'display_name': 'Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-09-22', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1994758141', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02553', 'mag': '1994758141', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16179608'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02553', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S5677253', 'display_name': 'Journal of Cell Science', 'issn_l': '0021-9533', 'issn': ['0021-9533', '1477-9137'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311847', 'host_organization_name': 'The Company of Biologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The Company of Biologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055529195', 'display_name': 'Ludovic Vallier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-2602'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210156194', 'display_name': "Addenbrooke's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/055vbxf86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802466933', 'https://openalex.org/I4210156194']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ludovic Vallier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Surgery and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Surgery and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210156194', 'https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004331670', 'display_name': 'Morgan R. Alexander', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5182-493X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210156194', 'display_name': "Addenbrooke's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/055vbxf86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802466933', 'https://openalex.org/I4210156194']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Morgan Alexander', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Surgery and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Surgery and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210156194', 'https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110073419', 'display_name': 'Roger A. Pedersen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210156194', 'display_name': "Addenbrooke's Hospital", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/055vbxf86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802466933', 'https://openalex.org/I4210156194']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Roger A. Pedersen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Surgery and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Surgery and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210156194', 'https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 16.479, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 922, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.927475, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '118', 'issue': '19', 'first_page': '4495', 'last_page': '4509'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10505', 'display_name': 'Pluripotent Stem Cells Research', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10505', 'display_name': 'Pluripotent Stem Cells Research', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12140', 'display_name': 'Renal and related cancers', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10269', 'display_name': 'Epigenetics and DNA Methylation', 'score': 0.9898, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nodal-signaling', 'display_name': 'Nodal signaling', 'score': 0.8157564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/follistatin', 'display_name': 'Follistatin', 'score': 0.6570692}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/activin-receptor', 'display_name': 'Activin receptor', 'score': 0.50689965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/acvr2b', 'display_name': 'ACVR2B', 'score': 0.41104138}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83330619', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21124872', 'display_name': 'NODAL', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8991809}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205583638', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7046607', 'display_name': 'Nodal signaling', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8157564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145103041', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519', 'display_name': 'Embryonic stem cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7975733}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78656983}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7383331}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38643226', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677604', 'display_name': 'Activin type 2 receptors', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7061388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778831791', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408122', 'display_name': 'Follistatin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6570692}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66332042', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5425488', 'display_name': 'FGF and mesoderm formation', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6057756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778649528', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677603', 'display_name': 'Activin receptor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50689965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107459253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674925', 'display_name': 'Induced pluripotent stem cell', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.50234723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148738053', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861', 'display_name': 'Cellular differentiation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44369763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74373430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24727126', 'display_name': 'Fibroblast growth factor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43045783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22517002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14905179', 'display_name': 'ACVR2B', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.41104138}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111001777', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3562192', 'display_name': 'TGF beta signaling pathway', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.36106527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87073359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryogenesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.31786966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196843134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196', 'display_name': 'Embryo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2641581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62478195', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130', 'display_name': 'Signal transduction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22903824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18227524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779329299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272474', 'display_name': 'Ectoderm', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.16025946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118131993', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423671', 'display_name': 'Transforming growth factor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15535721}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14599255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.13908076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129536746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141026', 'display_name': 'Gastrulation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.12026355}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D028341', 'descriptor_name': 'Activins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004622', 'descriptor_name': 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005346', 'descriptor_name': 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D039904', 'descriptor_name': 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015398', 'descriptor_name': 'Signal Transduction', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016212', 'descriptor_name': 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D030201', 'descriptor_name': 'Activin Receptors, Type I', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D030201', 'descriptor_name': 'Activin Receptors, Type I', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000037', 'qualifier_name': 'antagonists & inhibitors', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D030201', 'descriptor_name': 'Activin Receptors, Type I', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028341', 'descriptor_name': 'Activins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028341', 'descriptor_name': 'Activins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001549', 'descriptor_name': 'Benzamides', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001549', 'descriptor_name': 'Benzamides', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002454', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Differentiation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002454', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Differentiation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002478', 'descriptor_name': 'Cells, Cultured', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004149', 'descriptor_name': 'Dioxoles', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004149', 'descriptor_name': 'Dioxoles', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004622', 'descriptor_name': 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004622', 'descriptor_name': 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004815', 'descriptor_name': 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004815', 'descriptor_name': 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004815', 'descriptor_name': 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005346', 'descriptor_name': 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D058851', 'descriptor_name': 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D036341', 'descriptor_name': 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008562', 'descriptor_name': 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008562', 'descriptor_name': 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008562', 'descriptor_name': 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009363', 'descriptor_name': 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009363', 'descriptor_name': 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009363', 'descriptor_name': 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055457', 'descriptor_name': 'Nodal Protein', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D039904', 'descriptor_name': 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D039904', 'descriptor_name': 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015398', 'descriptor_name': 'Signal Transduction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051785', 'descriptor_name': 'Smad Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051785', 'descriptor_name': 'Smad Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016212', 'descriptor_name': 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016212', 'descriptor_name': 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053773', 'descriptor_name': 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02553', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S5677253', 'display_name': 'Journal of Cell Science', 'issn_l': '0021-9533', 'issn': ['0021-9533', '1477-9137'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311847', 'host_organization_name': 'The Company of Biologists', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The Company of Biologists'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16179608', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.52}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 85, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1518173022', 'https://openalex.org/W1599568627', 'https://openalex.org/W1609684706', 'https://openalex.org/W1927532086', 'https://openalex.org/W1927640672', 'https://openalex.org/W1930907473', 'https://openalex.org/W1932132006', 'https://openalex.org/W1969141907', 'https://openalex.org/W1970200774', 'https://openalex.org/W1977376400', 'https://openalex.org/W1978146894', 'https://openalex.org/W1979717361', 'https://openalex.org/W1980413997', 'https://openalex.org/W1981335003', 'https://openalex.org/W1985236579', 'https://openalex.org/W1985360296', 'https://openalex.org/W1987803647', 'https://openalex.org/W1992388470', 'https://openalex.org/W1992488668', 'https://openalex.org/W1992949513', 'https://openalex.org/W1995609823', 'https://openalex.org/W2003589118', 'https://openalex.org/W2005432188', 'https://openalex.org/W2007044718', 'https://openalex.org/W2008777486', 'https://openalex.org/W2010856041', 'https://openalex.org/W2015648732', 'https://openalex.org/W2017816671', 'https://openalex.org/W2020965347', 'https://openalex.org/W2027782382', 'https://openalex.org/W2039458025', 'https://openalex.org/W2045388302', 'https://openalex.org/W2046425054', 'https://openalex.org/W2047526453', 'https://openalex.org/W2048321002', 'https://openalex.org/W2052142480', 'https://openalex.org/W2053296190', 'https://openalex.org/W2056022475', 'https://openalex.org/W2056089399', 'https://openalex.org/W2060926602', 'https://openalex.org/W2066413879', 'https://openalex.org/W2067916728', 'https://openalex.org/W2069693786', 'https://openalex.org/W2073159705', 'https://openalex.org/W2074742645', 'https://openalex.org/W2080364963', 'https://openalex.org/W2083763893', 'https://openalex.org/W2086943348', 'https://openalex.org/W2089426706', 'https://openalex.org/W2092088384', 'https://openalex.org/W2094114923', 'https://openalex.org/W2094557730', 'https://openalex.org/W2094711827', 'https://openalex.org/W2095762981', 'https://openalex.org/W2096667049', 'https://openalex.org/W2101556559', 'https://openalex.org/W2103256978', 'https://openalex.org/W2109538121', 'https://openalex.org/W2110301828', 'https://openalex.org/W2114512872', 'https://openalex.org/W2117814548', 'https://openalex.org/W2120297737', 'https://openalex.org/W2132584224', 'https://openalex.org/W2132660815', 'https://openalex.org/W2132729210', 'https://openalex.org/W2133501984', 'https://openalex.org/W2138442302', 'https://openalex.org/W2140909735', 'https://openalex.org/W2142001424', 'https://openalex.org/W2143297890', 'https://openalex.org/W2147350988', 'https://openalex.org/W2151487778', 'https://openalex.org/W2152237832', 'https://openalex.org/W2154601080', 'https://openalex.org/W2160077902', 'https://openalex.org/W2160266371', 'https://openalex.org/W2161949020', 'https://openalex.org/W2163102268', 'https://openalex.org/W2169529166', 'https://openalex.org/W2186920803', 'https://openalex.org/W2417865499', 'https://openalex.org/W2424345117', 'https://openalex.org/W3023748582', 'https://openalex.org/W4254089460', 'https://openalex.org/W4296927411'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2347083990', 'https://openalex.org/W2154564110', 'https://openalex.org/W2135854261', 'https://openalex.org/W2131037997', 'https://openalex.org/W2117975612', 'https://openalex.org/W2103256978', 'https://openalex.org/W2065546801', 'https://openalex.org/W2018485286', 'https://openalex.org/W1983759743', 'https://openalex.org/W119865239'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Maintenance': [0], 'of': [1, 29, 49, 78, 82, 101, 104, 112, 156, 164, 181, 199, 208, 217, 249, 254], 'pluripotency': [2, 45, 157, 185, 201, 233, 255], 'is': [3, 94, 131, 192], 'crucial': [4], 'to': [5, 10, 40, 96, 133], 'the': [6, 12, 42, 98, 118, 165, 170, 215, 229], 'mammalian': [7], "embryo's": [8], 'ability': [9], 'generate': [11], 'extra-embryonic': [13], 'and': [14, 23, 109, 159, 244, 258], 'embryonic': [15, 30], 'tissues': [16], 'that': [17, 61, 68, 88, 149, 162, 228], 'are': [18, 72], 'needed': [19], 'for': [20, 252], 'intrauterine': [21], 'survival': [22], 'foetal': [24], 'development.': [25, 51], 'The': [26], 'recent': [27], 'establishment': [28], 'stem': [31], 'cells': [32], 'from': [33], 'human': [34, 50, 259], 'blastocysts': [35], '(hESCs)': [36], 'provides': [37], 'an': [38], 'opportunity': [39], 'identify': [41], 'factors': [43], 'supporting': [44], 'at': [46], 'early': [47], 'stages': [48], 'Using': [52], 'this': [53, 179], 'in': [54, 74, 138, 214, 236, 256], 'vitro': [55], 'model,': [56], 'we': [57, 86, 160], 'have': [58, 147], 'recently': [59], 'shown': [60, 148], 'Nodal': [62, 128, 211], 'can': [63, 151, 202], 'block': [64], 'neuronal': [65], 'differentiation,': [66], 'suggesting': [67], 'TGFβ': [69], 'family': [70], 'members': [71], 'involved': [73], 'cell': [75], 'fate': [76], 'decisions': [77], 'hESCs,': [79], 'including': [80], 'preservation': [81, 253], 'their': [83], 'pluripotency.': [84], 'Here,': [85], 'report': [87], 'Activin/Nodal': [89, 105, 188, 230], 'signalling': [90, 106, 167], 'through': [91, 234], 'Smad2/3': [92], 'activation': [93], 'necessary': [95], 'maintain': [97, 153], 'pluripotent': [99], 'status': [100], 'hESCs.': [102], 'Inhibition': [103], 'by': [107, 110, 117, 169, 194], 'follistatin': [108], 'overexpression': [111], 'Lefty': [113], 'or': [114, 116, 210, 222], 'Cerberus-Short,': [115], 'Activin': [119, 130, 209], 'receptor': [120], 'inhibitor': [121, 173], 'SB431542,': [122], 'precipitates': [123], 'hESC': [124, 136, 176, 184], 'differentiation.': [125, 177], 'Nevertheless,': [126], 'neither': [127], 'nor': [129], 'sufficient': [132], 'sustain': [134], 'long-term': [135, 154, 197], 'growth': [137], 'a': [139, 206, 241], 'chemically': [140], 'defined': [141], 'medium': [142, 221], 'without': [143], 'serum.': [144], 'Recent': [145], 'studies': [146], 'FGF2': [150, 213], 'also': [152], 'expression': [155], 'markers,': [158], 'find': [161], 'inhibition': [163], 'FGF': [166, 182, 238], 'pathway': [168, 231], 'tyrosine': [171], 'kinase': [172], 'SU5402': [174], 'causes': [175], 'However,': [178], 'effect': [180], 'on': [183, 187], 'depends': [186], 'signalling,': [189], 'because': [190], 'it': [191], 'blocked': [193], 'SB431542.': [195], 'Finally,': [196], 'maintenance': [198], 'in-vitro': [200], 'be': [203], 'achieved': [204], 'with': [205], 'combination': [207], 'plus': [212], 'absence': [216], 'feeder-cell': [218], 'layers,': [219], 'conditioned': [220], 'Serum': [223], 'Replacer.': [224], 'These': [225], 'findings': [226], 'suggest': [227], 'maintains': [232], 'mechanism(s)': [235], 'which': [237], 'acts': [239], 'as': [240], 'competence': [242], 'factor': [243], 'therefore': [245], 'provide': [246], 'further': [247], 'evidence': [248], 'distinct': [250], 'mechanisms': [251], 'mouse': [257], 'ESCs.': [260]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994758141', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 55}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 77}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 79}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T05:41:39.234981', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}