Publication Information

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4551, 4558, 4571, 4605, 4608, 4620, 4642, 4669, 4724, 4769, 4785, 4792, 4800, 4810, 4815, 4820, 4826, 4833, 4841, 4854, 4858, 4871, 4875, 4878, 4885, 4896, 4900, 4905, 4916, 4926, 4958, 4989, 5007, 5026, 5031, 5035, 5040, 5045, 5048, 5060, 5065, 5091, 5094, 5097, 5116, 5125, 5128, 5132, 5139, 5154, 5157, 5165, 5201, 5251, 5255, 5274, 5281, 5284, 5331, 5334, 5339, 5375, 5379, 5388, 5392, 5396, 5418, 5433, 5437, 5442, 5452, 5474, 5507, 5513, 5517, 5523, 5528, 5534, 5559, 5586, 5618, 5643, 5652, 5672, 5695, 5702, 5728, 5741, 5756, 5761, 5768, 5772, 5830, 5837, 5842, 5859, 5868, 5874, 5877, 5885, 5894, 5903, 5908, 5914, 5922, 5930, 5946, 5949, 5958, 5961, 5967, 5976, 5995, 6011], 'T7A1': [19, 89, 211, 281, 525, 653, 1103, 1233, 1248, 1280, 1602, 1642, 1768, 1779, 1826, 2092, 2144, 2282, 2331, 2405, 2499, 3013, 3066, 3240, 3364, 3432, 3589, 3625, 3675, 3759, 3780, 3834, 4344, 4409, 4467, 4530, 4572, 4643, 4770, 4827, 4872, 4959, 5061, 5126, 5453, 5518, 5644, 5703, 5769], 'promoter,': [20, 90, 142, 159, 212, 282, 334, 351, 776, 981, 1104, 2594, 3080, 3102, 3457, 4121, 4873, 5005, 5064], 'in': [21, 26, 92, 115, 213, 218, 284, 307, 386, 463, 527, 553, 619, 655, 670, 762, 833, 934, 969, 999, 1046, 1074, 1148, 1165, 1189, 1229, 1284, 1401, 1477, 1484, 1541, 1546, 1634, 1644, 1698, 1726, 1784, 1856, 1927, 2016, 2044, 2104, 2193, 2211, 2252, 2407, 2414, 2504, 2515, 2566, 2618, 2637, 2657, 2665, 2671, 2686, 2725, 2766, 2817, 2911, 2938, 2962, 3023, 3068, 3072, 3172, 3291, 3299, 3321, 3351, 3388, 3422, 3591, 3784, 3870, 3904, 4055, 4342, 4417, 4458, 4587, 4604, 4701, 4723, 4954, 4995, 5011, 5034, 5047, 5145, 5198, 5240, 5245, 5250, 5324, 5374, 5421, 5429, 5449, 5461, 5473, 5522, 5589, 5598, 5781, 5841, 5847, 5880, 5884, 5945, 5984, 6000], 'particular,': [22, 214], 'apparently': [23, 152, 215, 344], 'behavesin': [24, 216], 'vitro': [25, 217], 'manner': [28, 220], 'that': [29, 76, 97, 113, 185, 221, 268, 289, 305, 377, 488, 534, 614, 638, 802, 881, 899, 906, 1068, 1141, 1222, 1238, 1269, 1888, 1967, 2083, 2095, 2147, 2222, 2258, 2273, 2287, 2484, 2492, 2556, 2582, 2653, 2691, 2715, 2827, 2878, 2894, 2972, 3018, 3076, 3117, 3155, 3236, 3329, 3407, 3441, 3567, 3714, 3790, 3827, 3967, 4440, 4463, 4575, 4760, 4784, 4809, 4883, 4895, 4988, 5014, 5021, 5123, 5163, 5273, 5426, 5623, 5658, 5669, 5688, 5845, 5855, 5926], 'can': [30, 222, 884, 1226, 1270, 1968, 2378, 5192], 'fully': [32, 224], 'explained': [33, 225, 4975, 5194], 'by': [34, 226, 409, 429, 1289, 1333, 1436, 1495, 1526, 1687, 2065, 2130, 2184, 2312, 2388, 2830, 2923, 2992, 3002, 3257, 3272, 3462, 3495, 3520, 3596, 3839, 4269, 4422, 4470, 4648, 4840, 5195, 5771, 5902], 'pathway.': [37, 229, 754, 977, 1115, 3245, 4560, 5861], 'However,': [38, 129, 230, 321, 632, 2514, 3394, 4450, 5083, 5849], 'λPRAL': [42, 158, 234, 350, 838, 930, 980, 1187, 1257, 1453, 2771, 3079, 3101, 3603, 3719, 4487, 4834, 4961, 5063, 5256], 'promoter': [43, 64, 103, 235, 256, 295, 437, 526, 654, 839, 931, 1050, 1188, 1249, 1311, 1454, 1604, 1714, 1780, 1827, 2093, 2283, 2332, 2406, 2500, 2772, 2936, 3014, 3067, 3167, 3241, 3365, 3376, 3433, 3590, 3604, 3611, 3626, 3663, 3720, 3760, 3781, 3835, 3971, 4029, 4227, 4285, 4410, 4415, 4447, 4468, 4507, 4531, 4573, 4601, 4644, 4771, 4828, 5041, 5127, 5257, 5328, 5385, 5454, 5470, 5519, 5561, 5645, 5667, 5704, 5770, 5797, 5962], 'shown': [46, 238, 933, 3256, 5521], 'follow': [48, 240], 'branched': [50, 177, 242, 369, 912, 1070, 1087, 1114, 1118, 1266, 1710, 2018, 3244, 4473, 4552, 4786, 5831, 5860, 5904, 5923, 5947], 'pathway': [51, 165, 178, 243, 357, 370, 515, 641, 666, 1071, 1119, 1225, 1267, 1711, 2019, 3287, 3298, 4474, 4553, 4787, 5924], 'which': [53, 70, 160, 180, 245, 262, 352, 372, 608, 779, 955, 1295, 1928, 2176, 2377, 3458, 4476, 4611, 4653, 5582, 5988], 'part': [55, 247, 5431], 'of': [56, 81, 109, 126, 134, 148, 175, 248, 273, 301, 318, 326, 340, 367, 396, 404, 418, 425, 432, 474, 499, 502, 537, 550, 581, 625, 663, 680, 691, 721, 746, 765, 794, 805, 830, 845, 856, 896, 909, 973, 996, 1082, 1085, 1090, 1158, 1170, 1192, 1200, 1243, 1264, 1276, 1299, 1305, 1430, 1446, 1487, 1531, 1596, 1623, 1668, 1690, 1706, 1718, 1762, 1773, 1870, 1879, 1904, 1953, 1964, 1992, 2007, 2053, 2055, 2120, 2173, 2180, 2205, 2260, 2276, 2305, 2308, 2314, 2324, 2336, 2382, 2385, 2397, 2417, 2423, 2433, 2474, 2509, 2522, 2526, 2586, 2614, 2628, 2704, 2761, 2769, 2790, 2796, 2803, 2824, 2904, 2919, 2928, 2932, 2988, 3037, 3061, 3083, 3105, 3109, 3118, 3178, 3191, 3234, 3252, 3268, 3311, 3403, 3411, 3418, 3449, 3453, 3498, 3522, 3530, 3544, 3551, 3556, 3569, 3582, 3608, 3623, 3637, 3683, 3768, 3771, 3849, 3852, 3860, 3866, 3920, 3984, 3993, 3998, 4030, 4051, 4124, 4126, 4146, 4148, 4189, 4226, 4248, 4279, 4335, 4360, 4420, 4428, 4443, 4566, 4584, 4607, 4619, 4666, 4715, 4726, 4799, 4814, 4822, 4843, 4865, 4877, 4884, 4899, 4904, 4907, 4911, 4918, 4929, 4947, 4997, 5018, 5039, 5073, 5076, 5090, 5106, 5115, 5131, 5138, 5141, 5148, 5156, 5159, 5164, 5203, 5234, 5276, 5283, 5378, 5381, 5391, 5412, 5417, 5432, 5439, 5441, 5463, 5476, 5512, 5530, 5533, 5544, 5553, 5585, 5638, 5665, 5674, 5697, 5733, 5735, 5751, 5774, 5791, 5839, 5864, 5870, 5873, 5876, 5921, 5932, 5957, 5978, 5981, 5997], 'enzyme-promoter': [58, 250], 'complex': [59, 118, 137, 150, 251, 310, 329, 342, 407, 545, 617, 627, 694, 787, 848, 984, 991, 1028, 1042, 1128, 1133, 1139, 1245, 1433, 1468, 1658, 1765, 1966, 2023, 2122, 2190, 2207, 2237, 2263, 2310, 2348, 2426, 2529, 2660, 2763, 2799, 2937, 3010, 3112, 3121, 3147, 3154, 3200, 3318, 3332, 3338, 3830, 3855, 4253, 4540, 4546, 4568, 4586, 4622, 4824, 4867, 4880, 4887, 4919, 4931, 4941, 4952, 4986, 5205, 5247, 5253, 5380, 5435, 5467, 5515, 5537, 5640, 5739, 5753, 5794, 5866, 5944], 'is': [60, 72, 85, 104, 119, 151, 252, 264, 277, 296, 311, 343, 493, 609, 622, 642, 683, 911, 932, 956, 966, 985, 1038, 1043, 1179, 1250, 1296, 1715, 1908, 1930, 1942, 2101, 2284, 2289, 2302, 2349, 2558, 2589, 2608, 2632, 2643, 2709, 2713, 2717, 2800, 2872, 2996, 3019, 3071, 3094, 3113, 3148, 3249, 3265, 3288, 3319, 3333, 3343, 3380, 3396, 3434, 3459, 3518, 3563, 3572, 3710, 3761, 3793, 3836, 3955, 3962, 4097, 4411, 4448, 4577, 4704, 4762, 4776, 4789, 4838, 4868, 4902, 4923, 4937, 4971, 4987, 4992, 5010, 5023, 5051, 5238, 5455, 5583, 5646, 5668, 5692, 5731, 5890, 5925], 'arrested': [61, 83, 139, 253, 275, 331, 2265, 2279, 2347, 3269, 4920], 'at': [62, 87, 140, 156, 254, 279, 332, 348, 389, 646, 651, 713, 913, 919, 1048, 1076, 1101, 1185, 1231, 1246, 1255, 1313, 1471, 1628, 1712, 1766, 1777, 1820, 1894, 1944, 1973, 2073, 2090, 2152, 2228, 2280, 2291, 2329, 2338, 2451, 2497, 2534, 2546, 2592, 2633, 2644, 2758, 2944, 2952, 2977, 3050, 3064, 3077, 3099, 3238, 3362, 3374, 3430, 3442, 3455, 3587, 3717, 3757, 3778, 3796, 3832, 3913, 4002, 4445, 4465, 4528, 4570, 4599, 4641, 4668, 4672, 4738, 4768, 4819, 4853, 4870, 4933, 4957, 4976, 5059, 5080, 5124, 5254, 5338, 5468, 5516, 5604, 5642, 5655, 5701, 5707, 5745, 5893], 'raising': [65, 257], 'question': [67, 259], 'as': [68, 260, 797, 958, 1368, 1564, 2483, 2531, 2541, 2543, 2765, 2999, 3087, 3116, 3151, 3605, 3846, 3901, 4004, 4006, 4184, 4186, 4485, 4829, 5103, 5112, 5242, 5244, 5649], 'mechanism': [71, 100, 263, 292, 473, 509, 749, 908, 1106, 1268, 2100, 4442, 4788, 5552], 'general.': [73, 265], 'We': [74, 266, 1235, 3229, 3578, 3907, 6002], 'found': [75, 267], 'moribund': [78, 117, 270, 309, 953, 983, 1027, 1041, 1127, 1764, 2022, 2309, 2747, 3056, 3110, 3146, 3199, 3313, 3331, 3359, 4539, 4912, 4990, 5077, 5095, 5285], 'complex,': [79, 271, 954, 1034, 3314, 3631, 4550, 5096, 5117, 5743], 'characteristic': [80, 272, 536, 662, 5920], 'branch,': [84, 276], 'formed': [86, 278, 1470, 2140, 2192, 2208, 3320, 3361, 3373, 3831, 4932, 5629, 5641, 5654], 'especially': [91, 283], 'low': [93, 285, 1417, 1481, 1638, 1821, 1865, 1895, 2074, 2106, 2213, 2229, 2253, 2293, 2517, 2568, 2623, 2667, 2964, 3025, 3051, 3069, 3293, 3786, 3797, 4859, 5081], 'salt': [94, 286, 1418, 1482, 1639, 1729, 1756, 1787, 1859, 1866, 2060, 2075, 2107, 2195, 2214, 2254, 2294, 2518, 2569, 2640, 2668, 2965, 3026, 3052, 3070, 3092, 3294, 3324, 3354, 3425, 3594, 3787, 3798, 4589, 4860, 4964], 'condition': [95, 287, 1002, 1404, 1419, 1483, 1640, 1652, 1730, 1788, 1860, 2215, 2244, 2669, 2941, 2966, 3302, 3595], 'indicating': [96, 288, 801, 2257, 3789, 5272], 'for': [101, 189, 293, 381, 460, 504, 770, 926, 1474, 1517, 1534, 1631, 1641, 1653, 1679, 1708, 1817, 1901, 2035, 2069, 3205, 3616, 3656, 3694, 3715, 3723, 3910, 3937, 3968, 3977, 3990, 4022, 4063, 4481, 4659, 4794, 4825, 4832, 4850, 5093, 5400, 5558, 5767, 6008, 6017], 'this': [102, 141, 294, 333, 464, 1152, 1182, 1285, 1723, 1949, 2012, 2126, 2315, 2339, 2814, 2924, 3392, 3447, 3708, 3845, 3924, 4120, 4284, 4446, 4459, 4702, 4969, 5236, 5277, 5422, 5430, 5469, 5548, 5666, 5782], 'also': [105, 297, 1044, 4363, 4524, 4735], 'branched.': [106, 298], 'The': [107, 299, 658, 678, 922, 952, 1040, 1279, 1327, 1428, 1520, 1655, 1897, 2032, 2188, 2202, 2410, 2887, 2926, 2986, 3175, 3246, 3690, 3935, 4224, 4561, 4697, 4774, 4779, 4945, 5287, 5465, 5509, 5550, 5634, 5862, 5917], 'results': [108, 300, 634, 2081, 2271, 2508, 4431, 4842, 5121, 5414, 5773], 'DNA': [110, 122, 302, 314, 1307, 1449, 1560, 1598, 1835, 2145, 2350, 2386, 2402, 2411, 2477, 2899, 2910, 3599, 3667, 3877, 3912, 4844, 5000, 5019, 5042, 5329, 5386, 5775], 'footprinting': [111, 303, 1561, 2351, 4845, 5120, 5233, 5419, 5776], 'suggested': [112, 304, 3001, 5687], 'holoenzyme': [114, 306, 397, 2278, 2418, 2683, 4064, 5241], 'dislocated': [120, 312, 4953], 'on': [121, 313, 2141, 2470, 3164, 3664, 3923, 4000, 4271, 4437, 4950, 4984], 'position': [125, 317, 2153, 2634, 2927, 2946, 3036, 3185, 5033, 5058], 'productive': [127, 319, 808, 889, 1033, 1132, 1149, 2030, 2749, 3030, 3337, 3357, 4545, 4940, 5008], 'complex.': [128, 320, 2316, 3057, 3349, 3420, 3773, 4914, 5286, 5444, 5549], 'only': [130, 322, 963, 3157, 3671, 4603, 4658, 4777, 4924, 5748, 5786, 5892], 'small': [132, 324, 2285, 2584], 'fraction': [133, 325, 804, 2119, 2127, 2275, 2585, 4864, 4917, 4928, 5075, 5750], 'binary': [136, 149, 328, 341, 693, 847, 1244, 1432, 1467, 1657, 1965, 2121, 2189, 2206, 2262, 2425, 2528, 2616, 2659, 2750, 2762, 3009, 3085, 3111, 3419, 3630, 3772, 4567, 4585, 4621, 4823, 4866, 4879, 4913, 4930, 4951, 4985, 5204, 5246, 5434, 5443, 5466, 5514, 5536, 5602, 5639, 5699, 5738, 5752, 5793], 'becomes': [138, 330, 810, 2123, 4554], 'and': [143, 335, 416, 421, 710, 788, 852, 905, 1168, 1196, 1507, 1514, 1620, 1643, 1674, 1692, 1840, 1935, 1957, 1988, 2048, 2072, 2094, 2114, 2163, 2286, 2537, 2548, 2648, 2748, 2979, 3194, 3209, 3261, 3275, 3358, 3415, 3546, 3632, 3648, 3652, 3686, 3697, 3725, 3754, 3843, 3939, 4014, 4096, 4143, 4247, 4275, 4358, 4454, 4503, 4563, 4594, 4708, 4719, 4740, 4772, 4849, 4874, 4960, 5043, 5322, 5333, 5337, 5404, 5538, 5630, 5777, 5832, 5934, 5960, 6013], 'interconversion': [145, 337, 1240, 3767, 3792], 'between': [146, 338, 2161, 2448, 2457, 2611, 2721, 2746, 4582, 4617, 4766, 5200, 5330], 'subspecies': [147, 339, 1242, 3017, 3031, 3048, 3193, 3360, 3770, 4583, 4618, 4991, 5009, 5078, 5202, 5440, 5637], 'more': [153, 345, 1252, 2102, 2663, 3289, 3339, 3438, 4542, 4706, 5678], 'reversible': [154, 346, 1253], 'than': [155, 347, 686, 751, 1031, 1254, 1853, 2028, 2670, 3341, 3440, 3713, 4547, 5680], 'explains': [161, 353, 2319, 3196], 'why': [162, 354, 2320, 3197, 4526], 'reaction': [164, 356, 1694, 3414, 4816], 'appears': [166, 358, 1107, 2530, 3303], 'sequential.': [169, 361, 3307, 4449, 4536], 'These': [170, 362, 755, 891, 1259, 1884, 2080, 2270, 5613], 'findings': [171, 363, 1260, 5614], 'suggest': [172, 364, 1261, 2272, 4783], 'generality': [174, 366, 1084, 1263], 'mechanism,': [179, 371, 496, 4475], 'would': [181, 373, 1094, 1120, 1145, 2177, 5974, 5989], 'resolve': [182, 374], 'contradictory': [183, 375, 1274], 'observations': [184, 376, 892], 'have': [186, 378, 2981, 3230, 4433, 5015, 5369], 'reported': [188, 380, 3826, 5557], 'various': [190, 382, 1277, 1945], 'promoters.': [191, 383, 921, 1078, 1278, 5683], 'prokaryotes': [387], 'includes': [388], 'least': [390], 'four': [391], 'events:': [392], '1)': [393], 'binding': [395, 4125], 'promoter;': [400], '2)': [401, 2479], 'isomerization': [403], 'resulting': [406], 'accompanied': [408, 428, 3519], 'strand': [410, 2473, 2898], 'opening;': [411], '3)': [412], 'iterative': [414], 'synthesis': [415, 574, 580, 621, 712, 727, 796, 904, 918, 1037, 1178, 1776, 1907, 1982, 2086, 2301, 3255, 4191, 4657, 4714, 4733, 5673], 'release': [417], 'abortive': [419, 573, 620, 711, 726, 795, 903, 917, 964, 1036, 1171, 1720, 1775, 1850, 1880, 1906, 1958, 1981, 1993, 2037, 2085, 2300, 3158, 3254, 3687, 4190, 4656, 4717, 4732, 5160], 'transcripts;': [420], '4)': [422], 'achievement': [424], 'continuous': [426], 'elongation': [427, 786, 2165, 4337, 5742], 'escape': [431, 5002], 'enzyme': [434, 809, 883, 1440, 1533, 2588, 2630, 2798, 5133, 5293], '(for': [438], 'review': [439], 'see': [440], 'Ref.': [441], '1McClure': [442], 'W.R.': [443], 'Annu.': [444], 'Rev.': [445], 'Biochem.': [446], '1985;': [447], '54:': [448], '171-204Crossref': [449], 'PubMed': [450, 567, 603, 705, 738, 822, 873, 947, 1020, 1060, 1214, 1356, 1381, 1396, 1584, 1615, 1750, 1808, 1922, 2372, 2784, 2863, 3139, 3224, 3489, 3513, 3747, 3821, 3893, 4043, 4075, 4093, 4114, 4138, 4163, 4181, 4202, 4219, 4242, 4262, 4304, 4324, 4381, 4402, 4498, 4517, 4634, 4692, 4753, 5185, 5225, 5267, 5303, 5319, 5360, 5494, 5577, 5720, 5808, 5824], 'Scopus': [451, 568, 604, 706, 739, 823, 874, 948, 1021, 1061, 1215, 1357, 1382, 1397, 1585, 1616, 1751, 1809, 1923, 2373, 2785, 2864, 3140, 3225, 3490, 3514, 3748, 3822, 4044, 4076, 4115, 4139, 4164, 4203, 4220, 4243, 4263, 4305, 4325, 4382, 4403, 4499, 4518, 4635, 4693, 4754, 5186, 5226, 5268, 5304, 5361, 5495, 5578, 5721, 5809, 5825], '(718)': [452], 'Google': [453, 570, 606, 708, 741, 825, 876, 950, 1023, 1063, 1217, 1359, 1384, 1399, 1587, 1618, 1753, 1811, 1925, 2375, 2787, 2866, 3142, 3227, 3492, 3516, 3750, 3824, 3894, 4046, 4078, 4094, 4117, 4141, 4166, 4182, 4205, 4222, 4245, 4265, 4307, 4327, 4384, 4405, 4501, 4520, 4637, 4695, 4756, 5188, 5228, 5270, 5306, 5320, 5363, 5497, 5580, 5723, 5811, 5827], 'Scholar).': [454, 571, 826, 877, 951, 1024, 1064, 1218, 1326, 1360, 1588, 2788, 3143, 3228, 4118, 4223, 4328, 4406, 4521, 4638, 4696, 5189, 5229, 5364, 5724, 5828], 'Although': [455, 1770, 4968], 'these': [456, 633, 714, 920, 4332, 5367, 5413, 5605], 'events': [457, 490], 'are': [458, 535, 667, 757, 860, 2225, 2327, 2574, 3366, 3692, 3701, 4805, 4979, 5069, 5086, 5150, 5504, 5627, 5851, 5856], 'required': [459], 'transcription': [461, 475, 556, 616, 672, 835, 1143, 1167, 1363, 1492, 1929, 2486, 2565, 3153, 3872, 3994, 4001, 4345, 4421, 4640, 4922, 5340, 5840, 5844, 5871, 5881, 5986], 'order,': [465], 'they': [466, 2076], 'do': [467, 635, 5681], 'not': [468, 576, 636, 668, 758, 1098, 1998, 2462, 2696, 3800, 5100, 5135, 5456, 5539, 5706], 'necessarily': [469, 5457], 'represent': [470], 'complete': [472, 495], 'initiation,': [476, 974, 5882], 'because': [477, 498, 3543, 3550, 4057, 4903, 5118, 5732], 'Nevertheless,': [482], 'it': [483, 2642, 2712, 3342, 3395, 3929, 4058, 4612, 5670, 5927], 'long': [485, 630, 717, 1871, 5954], 'listed': [491], 'above': [492, 659], 'mainly': [497, 2943], 'lack': [501], 'evidence': [503, 1707, 3235, 3248, 3264, 4456, 5616], 'further': [505, 2684, 3021], 'complications.': [506], 'This': [507, 878, 1065, 2317, 2489, 2579, 2650, 2738, 3058, 3326, 3752, 3960, 4522, 4836, 4892, 5190], 'simplest': [508], 'may': [510, 1072, 2661, 2678, 3186], 'called': [512], '(Scheme': [516], 'FS1A).': [517], 'In': [518, 1079, 1151, 1460, 1589, 1863, 1948, 1977, 2010, 2057, 2464, 2622, 2958, 3279, 3527, 3553, 4329, 4797, 4857, 5365, 5725, 5784], 'vitro,': [519, 4056], 'bacteriophage': [524, 4031], 'particular': [528], 'shows': [529, 2916, 3680, 4462, 4525], 'following': [531, 772], 'two': [532, 660, 2459, 2620, 2727, 2913, 2974, 3232, 5852], 'behaviors': [533, 661], 'mechanism.': [540], 'Firstly,': [541], 'promoter-RNA': [543], 'polymerase': [544, 768, 1625, 2398, 2495, 2656, 2826, 3063, 4281, 5108], 'synthesizes': [546, 3156], 'stoichiometric': [548, 687, 1156, 2322, 5693], 'amount': [549, 679, 690, 829, 1157, 2204, 4910, 5158, 5696], 'full-length': [551, 582, 681, 722, 831, 1160, 1177, 1842, 1956, 1986, 1995, 2325, 3685, 3724, 5166, 5675, 5689], 'transcript': [552, 583, 682, 1161, 1872, 5167, 5690], 'single-round': [555, 671, 834, 1166, 2444], '(2Wu': [557, 4065, 4128, 4153], 'N.': [558, 591, 698, 731, 815, 867, 940, 1008, 1208, 1344, 1374, 1389, 1572, 1610, 1738, 1796, 1915, 2360, 2778, 3127, 3217, 3477, 3507, 3735, 4015, 4066, 4129, 4154, 4491, 4628, 4746, 5213, 5261, 5297, 5351, 5713, 5801, 5818], 'Shimamoto': [559, 590, 697, 730, 814, 866, 939, 1007, 1207, 1343, 1373, 1388, 1571, 1609, 1737, 1795, 1914, 2359, 2777, 3126, 3216, 3476, 3506, 3734, 4067, 4130, 4155, 4490, 4627, 4745, 5212, 5260, 5296, 5712, 5800, 5817], 'F.Y.-H.': [560, 4068, 4131, 4156], 'Wu': [561, 4069, 4132, 4157], 'C.-H.': [562, 4070, 4133, 4158], 'Biochemistry.': [563, 1611, 4071, 4134, 4159, 4215, 4258, 5356], '1981;': [564, 4072, 4135, 4160], '20:': [565, 4073, 4136, 4161], '4745-4755Crossref': [566, 4074, 4137, 4162], '(17)': [569, 875, 1216, 2786, 3515, 4077, 4140, 4165, 4636, 5826], 'Secondly,': [572], 'does': [575, 5134], 'occur': [577], 'after': [578, 718, 2420, 2430, 2485, 2501, 2562, 4889, 4921, 5955], '(3Sen': [584, 1337, 1731, 1789, 3470, 3728, 5206], 'R.': [585, 863, 1004, 1204, 1338, 1568, 1732, 1790, 2356, 2774, 3123, 3471, 3503, 3729, 4011, 4106, 4212, 4234, 4624, 5207, 5814], 'Nagai': [586, 864, 1005, 1205, 1339, 1569, 1733, 1791, 2357, 2775, 3124, 3472, 3504, 3730, 4625, 5208, 5815], 'H.': [587, 865, 1006, 1052, 1054, 1206, 1340, 1570, 1734, 1792, 2358, 2776, 2852, 3125, 3473, 3505, 3731, 3814, 4108, 4208, 4236, 4296, 4298, 4316, 4318, 4374, 4509, 4511, 4626, 4685, 5209, 5259, 5295, 5487, 5816], 'Hernandez': [588, 1341, 1735, 1793, 3474, 3732, 5210], 'V.J.': [589, 1342, 1736, 1794, 3475, 3733, 5169, 5211], 'J.': [592, 732, 816, 941, 1009, 1056, 1320, 1345, 1390, 1573, 1739, 1797, 1916, 2361, 3128, 3218, 3478, 3736, 3815, 3884, 4037, 4084, 4110, 4172, 4238, 4300, 4320, 4351, 4375, 4492, 4513, 4686, 4747, 5174, 5214, 5314, 5488], 'Biol.': [593, 734, 818, 943, 1010, 1321, 1346, 1392, 1574, 1740, 1798, 1918, 2362, 3129, 3220, 3479, 3737, 3817, 3885, 4039, 4085, 4173, 4352, 4377, 4494, 4688, 4749, 5175, 5215, 5490], 'Chem.': [594, 1011, 1322, 1347, 1575, 1741, 1799, 2363, 3130, 3480, 3738, 3886, 4086, 4174, 4353, 5176, 5216], '1998;': [595, 1057, 1348, 1742, 1800, 3481, 3739, 4514, 5217, 5357], '273:': [596, 1349, 1743, 1801, 2861, 3482, 3740, 5218], '9872-9877Abstract': [597, 1350, 1744, 1802, 3483, 3741, 5219], 'Full': [598, 600, 1015, 1017, 1351, 1353, 1579, 1581, 1745, 1747, 1803, 1805, 2367, 2369, 3134, 3136, 3484, 3486, 3742, 3744, 3890, 4090, 4178, 5180, 5182, 5220, 5222], 'Text': [599, 601, 1016, 1018, 1352, 1354, 1580, 1582, 1746, 1748, 1804, 1806, 2368, 2370, 3135, 3137, 3485, 3487, 3743, 3745, 3891, 4091, 4179, 5181, 5183, 5221, 5223], 'PDF': [602, 1019, 1355, 1583, 1749, 1807, 2371, 3138, 3488, 3746, 3892, 4092, 4180, 5184, 5224], '(26)': [605, 1358, 1752, 1810, 3491, 3749, 5227], 'Scholar),': [607, 709, 742, 1754, 1812, 2376, 2867, 3517, 3895, 4357, 4757, 5271, 5498, 5581], 'consistent': [610, 2598, 3762, 3963], 'with': [611, 688, 992, 1301, 1441, 1456, 1528, 1661, 1849, 1932, 2000, 2186, 2440, 2506, 2599, 2819, 2883, 2948, 3011, 3446, 3465, 3619, 3763, 3841, 3933, 3964, 3972, 3995, 4846, 4882, 5384, 5609, 5651, 5694], 'view': [613, 4798], 'engaged': [618], 'precursor': [624], 'synthesizing': [628], 'RNA.': [631, 5401], 'prove': [637], 'applicable': [643], 'all': [647, 656, 3919, 5411, 5624, 5737, 5792], 'promoters': [648, 715, 3406, 4021, 4272, 4483, 4742, 4793, 4962, 5588, 5606, 5657, 5709, 5747], 'or': [649, 675, 1097, 1415, 1455, 1480, 1637, 1647, 1846, 2039, 2419, 2427, 2680, 3494, 5056, 5062], 'even': [650, 4722, 5906], 'conditions.': [657, 2409, 2621, 2728, 2914, 4590], 'observed': [669, 2033, 2203, 2298, 2456, 2693, 3095, 3783, 4569, 4598, 4737, 4780, 5066], 'theλPRAL': [674, 775, 3375, 3443, 3456, 3911, 3940, 4600, 4739, 5796], 'LacUV5': [676], 'promoter.': [677, 1234, 1258, 1769, 2340, 3444, 4835], 'much': [684, 3711, 3981], 'less': [685], '(4Kubori': [695, 1371, 5710, 5798], 'T.': [696, 729, 813, 938, 1372, 1387, 1608, 1913, 3215, 3810, 4370, 4489, 4681, 4744, 5483, 5563, 5711, 5799], 'Nucleic': [699, 1375, 4196, 5714, 5802], 'Acids': [700, 1376, 4197, 5715, 5803], 'Res.': [701, 1377, 4198, 5716, 5804], '1997;': [702, 1378, 5264, 5300, 5574, 5717, 5805], '25:': [703, 1379, 5718, 5806], '2640-2647Crossref': [704, 1380, 5719, 5807], '(15)': [707, 1383, 5722, 5810], 'continues': [716], 'completion': [720], 'transcription,': [723, 4336], 'namely': [724], 'persistent': [725, 902, 1035, 1719, 1774, 1905, 2084, 2299, 3253, 4655, 4713, 4731, 5972], '(5Kubori': [728, 812, 937, 1912, 3214, 4488, 4743], 'Mol.': [733, 817, 942, 1391, 1917, 3219, 3816, 4038, 4376, 4493, 4687, 4748, 5489], '1996;': [735, 819, 944, 1393, 1919, 2860, 3221, 4495, 4750, 5177], '256:': [736, 820, 945, 1394, 1920, 3222, 4496, 4751], '449-457Crossref': [737, 821, 946, 1395, 1921, 3223, 4497, 4752], '(77)': [740, 824, 949, 1398, 1924, 3226, 4500, 4755], 'suggesting': [743, 3566], 'existence': [745, 895, 3251, 3267, 3310, 3581], 'an': [747, 1535, 1680, 1699, 2132, 3657, 3863, 3969, 3973, 4934, 5196, 5998], 'other': [750, 1328, 2233, 3548, 4482, 5084, 5501, 5656, 5682, 5708, 5726, 5746], 'discrepancies': [756], 'attributable': [759], 'heterogeneity': [761], 'preparation': [764], 'RNA': [767, 777, 1624, 2494, 2655, 2825, 2934, 3062, 3978, 4025, 4280, 4425, 4890, 4943, 5107, 5942, 5982], 'used': [769, 1283, 4416, 4700], 'reasons.': [773], 'At': [774, 978, 3642], 'polymerase,': [778, 3979, 4026], 'isolated': [782], 'run-off': [785, 2164], 're-used,': [789], 'displays': [790], 'same': [792, 843, 2482, 2998, 3035, 3115, 3703, 3948, 4472, 5551], 'degree': [793], 'original': [799], 'enzyme,': [800], 'previously': [807, 1332, 1370, 1566, 4646], 'nonproductive': [811, 882, 897, 971], 'Furthermore,': [827], 'product': [832, 2326, 4662], 'increases': [840], 'level': [844, 5838, 5869], 'if': [849, 1125, 2020, 2752, 5044, 5907, 5938, 5992], 'GreA,': [850], 'GreB,': [851], 'high': [854, 1198, 1728, 4005, 4061, 5648, 5729], 'concentration': [855, 1199, 1667, 3093, 3915, 3983, 4965], 'nucleotide': [859, 1202, 1940, 3208], 'present': [861, 5524], '(6Sen': [862, 1203, 2773, 3502, 4623], 'Genes': [868, 1209, 2779, 3508, 4629, 5262, 5298, 5819], 'Cells.': [869, 1210, 2780, 3509, 4630, 5263, 5299, 5820], '2001;': [870, 1211, 2781, 3510, 4631, 5821], '6:': [871, 1212, 2782, 3511, 4632, 5822], '389-401Crossref': [872, 1213, 2783, 3512, 4633, 5823], 'observation': [879, 2580, 3966], 'indicates': [880, 1067, 2491, 2581, 2967], 'converted': [886, 987, 1129, 3334, 4938], 'into': [887, 988, 1130, 1136, 3335, 4544, 4548, 4939, 5740], 'one.': [890, 2031], 'imply': [893], 'pathway(s)': [898], 'cause(s)': [900], 'some': [914, 5541], 'stage': [915, 2760, 4821, 4936], 'before': [916, 1134, 1175, 1539], 'most': [923, 1109, 1142, 1898, 2792, 4413], 'plausible': [924], 'model': [925], 'Scheme': [935], 'FS1B': [936], 'defined': [957, 3150], 'ability': [960], 'synthesize': [962], 'transcripts,': [965], 'first': [967, 4340], 'generated': [968], 'branch': [972], 'promoter-arrested': [976, 1224, 2162, 2236, 4886, 5252], 'slowly': [986], 'inactive': [989], 'dead-end': [990, 1138, 3120, 3317, 3348, 4549, 5660, 5865], 'time': [994, 1946, 1975, 2002, 2052, 3644], 'constant': [995], '10': [997, 1410, 1475, 1632, 3617], 'min': [998, 1476, 1538, 1633, 2429, 3618], 'standard': [1001, 1403, 1479, 1636, 1646, 1648, 1786, 1858, 2059, 2243, 2466, 2639, 2673, 2940, 3301, 3323, 3353, 3424, 3593, 4588, 5595], '(7Sen': [1003, 1567, 2355, 3122], '2000;': [1012, 1576, 2364, 3131], '275:': [1013, 1577, 2365, 3132], '10899-10904Abstract': [1014, 1578, 2366, 3133], '(24)': [1022, 1586, 2374, 3141], 'Because': [1025, 1722, 3028, 3144, 3661, 3862, 4730, 4915], 'decays': [1029], 'slower': [1030], 'observed.': [1039], 'identifiable': [1045], 'themalT': [1049], '(8Tagami': [1051, 4508], 'Aiba': [1053, 4510], 'EMBO': [1055, 4109, 4237, 4299, 4319, 4512], '17:': [1058, 4515], '1759-1767Crossref': [1059, 4516], '(41)': [1062, 4519], 'finding': [1066, 2490, 2601, 3961], 'arise': [1073], 'many': [1077, 4020, 4801, 5500], 'test': [1081, 1816, 3610, 5596], 'pathway,': [1088, 1980, 5887, 5905, 5948], 'one': [1089, 3541, 3568, 4050, 5460, 5584], 'key': [1092], 'criteria': [1093], 'whether': [1096, 2813, 3898], 'whose': [1105], 'sequential,': [1110], 'actually': [1111, 3538], 'follows': [1112, 3242], 'Notably,': [1116], 'appear': [1121], 'converting': [1135], 'so': [1140, 2690, 4721, 5020], 'complexes': [1144, 2138, 2224, 2617, 2751, 3086, 3270, 5503, 5603, 5626, 5653, 5700], 'finally': [1146], 'indulge': [1147], 'elongation.': [1150, 6001], 'case,': [1153, 2711], 'nearly': [1155, 2321, 5762], 'should': [1162, 1173, 1983, 1997, 2553, 3032, 5099], 'synthesized': [1164], 'production': [1169], 'transcripts': [1172, 1843, 1851, 1959, 1972, 1996, 2041, 4361, 4718, 5161], 'cease': [1174], 'completed.': [1180], 'Indeed,': [1181], 'situation': [1183], 'occurs': [1184, 2087, 2757, 4469, 5846], 'presence': [1191, 1486, 4606, 4725, 5475], 'Gre': [1194, 3500, 3558, 4609], 'factors': [1195, 3501], 'initiating': [1201, 1939], 'Here': [1219, 2729], 'we': [1220, 1813, 2167, 2393, 2730, 2811, 3896, 4758, 4804], 'report': [1221], 'detected': [1228, 1783, 2829, 2991, 3271, 4654], 'consistently': [1236, 4461, 5424], 'observe': [1237], 'among': [1241, 4098, 4791, 5636], 'simply': [1251], 'explain': [1271], 'seemingly': [1273], 'characteristics': [1275, 4188, 5854], 'template': [1281, 1599, 1838, 2157, 2897, 3044, 3925], 'DNAs': [1282], 'study': [1286, 3873, 4460, 4523, 4703, 5423, 5525], 'were': [1287, 1330, 1365, 1626, 1873, 2042, 2139, 3650, 3654, 4151, 4267, 5994], 'prepared': [1288], 'PCR': [1290], 'using': [1291, 1831, 2131, 2352, 3597, 3874], 'plasmid': [1293], 'pAR1435,': [1294], 'derivative': [1298], 'pBR322': [1300], '102-bp': [1303], 'segment': [1304], 'T7': [1306, 3876, 4032], 'containing': [1308, 1451, 1500, 1554], 'A1': [1310, 4028], 'inserted': [1312], 'itsBamHI': [1314], 'site': [1315, 2151, 5342], '(9Dunn': [1316], 'J.J.': [1317], 'Studier': [1318], 'F.W.': [1319], '1983;': [1323], '166:': [1324], '477-535Google': [1325], 'templates': [1329], 'described': [1331, 1369, 1565], 'Sen': [1334], 'et': [1335, 2837, 3803], 'al.': [1336, 2838, 3804], 'All': [1361, 4427], 'assays': [1364, 5780], 'carried': [1366, 1524, 1829], 'out': [1367, 1525, 1830], 'Scholar,': [1385, 4079, 4167, 4206, 4308, 4385, 5307, 5812], '5Kubori': [1386], 'Scholar)': [1400, 1619, 1926, 3493, 3825, 4047, 4095, 4142, 4183, 4246, 4266, 4502, 5321], '(50': [1405], 'mm': [1406, 1421, 1426, 1548, 1556, 1650, 4674], 'Tris-HCl,': [1407, 1422], 'pH': [1408, 1423, 1551], '7.9,': [1409, 1424], 'mmMgCl2,': [1411], '0.1': [1412, 1511, 1669, 4727], 'm': [1413, 4728], 'KCl)': [1414], '(20': [1420], '7': [1425], 'MgCl2).': [1427], 'dissociation': [1429, 3404, 3525, 3535, 3561, 3851, 4565, 4596, 5532, 5956], 'was': [1434, 1469, 1493, 1523, 1562, 1659, 1671, 1677, 1685, 1696, 1828, 2128, 2191, 2238, 2264, 2412, 2438, 2455, 2480, 2828, 3000, 3537, 3614, 3640, 3676, 3782, 3868, 3988, 4286, 4339, 4362, 4597, 4613, 4645, 4709, 4966, 5520, 5556, 5765, 5969], 'measured': [1435, 2129], 'trapping': [1437], 'dissociated': [1439], '60-fold': [1443], 'molar': [1444], 'excess': [1445, 3622, 3636], '190-bp': [1448], 'fragment': [1450, 2146, 3600, 3627, 3941], '40': [1457], 'μg/ml': [1458], 'heparin.': [1459, 3861, 5633], 'electrophoretic': [1462, 2133], 'mobility': [1463, 2134, 2511, 2604, 3273, 5778], 'shift': [1464, 2135, 2512, 2605, 3108, 3171, 3177, 3274, 5779], 'assay,': [1465, 1950, 3260, 4652], '37': [1472, 1629], '°C': [1473, 1630], '13%': [1488], 'glycerol.': [1489], 'If': [1490, 4537, 5025], 'necessary,': [1491], 'started': [1494, 1931], 'adding': [1496], 'substrate': [1498], 'mixture': [1499, 1676, 1695], '5': [1501, 3679], 'μm': [1502, 1505], 'ATP,': [1503], '100': [1504], 'GTP': [1506], 'CTP': [1508], 'each': [1509, 1974, 3643], 'UTP,': [1510], 'mg/ml': [1512], 'heparin': [1513, 3842, 3867, 3899, 3909, 3938, 3954, 3985, 3999, 5477, 5510, 5545, 5554], 'then': [1515, 1672, 1936, 3633], 'incubated': [1516, 1627, 1678], '20': [1518, 2428, 2502, 3659], 'min.': [1519, 1683, 3660], 'digestion': [1521, 2185], 'withHaeIII': [1522], 'incubation': [1527], '3.5': [1529], 'units': [1530], '30': [1537, 1682], 'electrophoresis': [1540], '5%': [1543], 'polyacrylamide': [1544], 'gel': [1545], '45': [1547], 'Tris': [1549], 'borate,': [1550], '8.0,': [1552], 'buffer': [1553, 1662], '1': [1555, 4007], 'EDTA.': [1557], 'Exonuclease': [1558], 'III-mediated': [1559], 'performed': [1563], 'Fe2+-induced': [1590, 4851], 'site-specific': [1591], 'radical': [1592], 'cleavage,': [1593], '1.2': [1594], 'pmol': [1595, 1622], 'immobilized': [1597, 1656], 'harboring': [1600, 2403, 3601], 'orλPRAL': [1603], '(10Fujioka': [1605], 'M.': [1606, 2846, 2850, 5173], 'Hirata': [1607], '1991;': [1612], '30:': [1613], '1801-1807Crossref': [1614], '(12)': [1617], '1.0': [1621], '+100': [1649], 'NaCl': [1651, 4675], 'λPRAL.': [1654], 'washed': [1660], 'lacking': [1663], 'MgCl2.': [1664], 'A': [1665, 3774, 4591, 4664], 'final': [1666], 'mmFe(NH4)2(SO4)2': [1670], 'added,': [1673, 3651], 'Cleavage': [1684], 'terminated': [1686], 'addition': [1689, 2006, 2054, 2432, 3497, 4330], 'phenol,': [1691], 'analyzed': [1697], '8%': [1700], 'sequencing': [1701], 'gel.': [1702], 'One': [1703, 2789, 4981], 'important': [1704, 2793], 'line': [1705, 3448], 'theλPR': [1713], 'occurrence': [1717, 1819, 2335], 'synthesis.': [1721, 4891, 4944], 'phenomenon': [1724], 'disappears': [1725], 'lower': [1755, 3203], 'conditions': [1757, 2196, 2460, 5597], 'might': [1758], 'favor': [1759], 'formation': [1761, 2307, 2422, 2764, 4906, 5282, 5691, 5863, 5977], 'little': [1771, 2493], 'sign': [1772, 2304], 'decided': [1814], 'its': [1818, 3160, 3466, 5446], 'salt.': [1822, 1896, 2230, 5082], 'linear': [1833], '154-bp': [1834], '(Fig.': [1836, 1861, 2155, 2197, 2216, 2245, 2266, 2435, 2954, 3096, 3951], '1A,': [1837, 2156], 'I)': [1839], 'produced': [1841, 3460], '(74': [1844], 'bases': [1845], 'longer)': [1847], 'together': [1848], '(shorter': [1852], '14': [1854], 'bases)': [1855], '1B).': [1862], 'condition,': [1867, 2061, 2467, 2519, 2570, 2641, 3295, 3355, 3426, 3788, 4861], 'similar': [1868, 2560, 2982, 3775, 4592], 'amounts': [1869, 1952, 2323, 3682], 'synthesized,': [1874], 'whereas': [1875, 2636, 3296, 3371, 5006, 5499, 5744, 5883], 'average': [1877], 'length': [1878], 'products': [1881, 5676], 'increased': [1882, 2064, 5074], 'slightly.': [1883], 'moderate': [1885], 'changes': [1886, 5279, 5428, 5911], 'show': [1887, 5122], 'no': [1889, 3316, 3996, 4763], 'anomalous': [1890], 'reactions': [1891, 3653], 'take': [1892], 'place': [1893], 'sensitive': [1899, 4707], 'method': [1900, 2343], 'detection': [1903], 'pulse-labeling': [1910, 3259, 4698], 'assay': [1911, 2113, 4699], 'unlabeled': [1933, 2170], 'nucleotides': [1934, 4150], 'labeled': [1938, 1955, 2008], '[γ-32P]ATP': [1941, 3649], 'added': [1943, 2439], 'points.': [1947], 'indicate': [1960, 2082, 5425], 'residual': [1962], 'proportion': [1963], 'produce': [1969], 'corresponding': [1971], 'point.': [1976], 'precede': [1984], 'synthesis,': [1987], 'thus': [1989, 2115, 3195], 'ratio': [1991, 2013, 5155], 'increase': [1999, 2015, 5153, 5197], 'elapsed': [2003], 'prior': [2004], 'ATP.': [2009], 'contrast,': [2011, 2959, 5785], 'longer': [2026], 'lifetime': [2027], 'ratios': [2034, 2063], '4-mer': [2038], '10-mer': [2040], 'plotted': [2043], 'Fig.': [2045, 3678], '1,': [2046], 'C': [2047], 'D,': [2049], 'against': [2050, 5617], '[γ-32P]ATP.': [2056], 'maximum': [2067], '4-fold': [2068], '60': [2070], 's,': [2071], 'showed': [2077], '5–20-fold': [2078], 'increases.': [2079], 'during': [2088, 4942], 'deviation': [2096, 3283], 'extensive': [2103], 'condition.': [2108, 2295, 2674, 3027, 3325], 'Pulse-labeling': [2109], 'provides': [2110], 'catalytic': [2112, 2805, 2885, 2906, 2930, 3039, 3180, 3189, 4855, 4948, 5027], 'cannot': [2116], 'determine': [2117, 5436], 'what': [2118], 'promoter-arrested.': [2124], 'Therefore,': [2125, 2296, 2810, 3007, 3350, 3421, 3953, 4407, 5410, 5600, 5897], 'assay.': [2136, 2513, 2606], 'Promoter-arrested': [2137], '250-bp': [2143], 'harbors': [2148], 'HaeIII': [2150], '+73': [2154], 'II).': [2158], 'To': [2159], 'distinguish': [2160], 'complexes,': [2166, 2183], 'removed': [2168], 'downstream': [2171, 2524, 2626, 2706, 2723, 5142], 'region': [2172, 2384, 3467, 5146, 5237, 5278, 5288, 5389], 'fragment,': [2175], 'carry': [2178], 'any': [2179], 'latter': [2182, 2688], 'HaeIII.': [2187], 'both': [2194, 2408, 3280, 3695], '2A,': [2198, 2246], 'lanes': [2199], '4and': [2200], '6).': [2201], 'decreased': [2209], 'slightly': [2210], '2B,': [2217, 2267], '−4NTP)': [2218], 'despite': [2219, 2333], 'fact': [2221], 'DNA-protein': [2223], 'generally': [2226], 'stabilized': [2227], 'On': [2231], 'hand,': [2234], 'almost': [2239, 3306, 3315, 3564, 3946, 4555, 5736], 'undetectable': [2240], 'under': [2241, 5594], 'lane': [2247], '7)': [2248], 'but': [2249, 2700, 4602, 5110, 5248, 5591, 5705], 'clearly': [2250], 'existed': [2251], '(lane': [2255, 2478, 2487, 2550, 2577], '5),': [2256], '2–3%': [2259], 'right': [2268], 'panel).': [2269], 'arrest': [2288, 2337, 3454, 4338, 5968, 5999], 'enhanced': [2290, 2532], 'amplified': [2311], 'turnover': [2313], 'result': [2318, 2741, 3327, 3848, 5529, 5996], 'obtained': [2328, 2922, 4432, 4457, 4888], 'An': [2341], 'alternative': [2342], 'detect': [2345, 2379, 4712], 'exonuclease': [2353, 2676, 2831, 3004, 3276, 4847], 'III': [2354, 2677, 2832, 3005, 4848], 'limits': [2381], 'protected': [2387, 5239], 'bound': [2390, 2399], 'protein.': [2391], 'Thus,': [2392, 3098], 'examined': [2394, 2812, 3897], 'footprints': [2396, 2450, 2613, 4946], 'footprinted': [2413], 'absence': [2416], '4NTP': [2434, 2441], '3).': [2436], 'Heparin': [2437], 'ensure': [2443], 'transcription.': [2445], 'No': [2446], 'difference': [2447, 2610, 2651, 2720, 2745, 4765, 4775, 4970], 'upstream': [2453, 2685, 5129], 'boundary': [2454, 2525, 5130], '(data': [2461, 3799], 'shown).': [2463, 3801], 'footprint': [2469, 2521, 2561, 2631, 4876, 4901], 'nontemplate': [2472], 'naked': [2476], '4).': [2488], 'remains': [2496], 'min,': [2503], 'agreement': [2505, 4893], 'bands': [2533, 2545, 2573], 'positions': [2535], '+9': [2536], '+18': [2538], '+22': [2540], 'well': [2542, 4185, 5243], 'reduced': [2544, 3091], '+11': [2547], '+13': [2549], '7).': [2551, 2649], 'It': [2552, 3379, 5684], 'noted': [2555], 'there': [2557, 2716, 4576, 4761, 5850], '20-min': [2564], 'relatively': [2575], 'faint': [2576], '8).': [2578], 'still': [2590, 3794], 'sitting': [2591], 'conclusion': [2596], 'again': [2597], 'There': [2607], 'salt,': [2624], 'edge': [2627], '+22,': [2635], '+19': [2645], '(lanes': [2646], '3': [2647, 3468, 5147], 'suggests': [2652, 4574, 4894], 'forward-tracked': [2664, 3047, 4869], 'Alternatively,': [2675], 'push': [2679], 'partially': [2681], 'displace': [2682], 'case': [2689, 2768, 3529, 3555], 'differences': [2694], 'reflect': [2695], 'true': [2698], 'boundaries': [2699, 2724], 'rather': [2701, 5111, 5592], 'elasticity': [2703], 'edge.': [2707], 'Whichever': [2708], 'clear': [2714], 'physical': [2719], 'will': [2731], 'tentatively': [2732], 'call': [2733], 'change': [2735], 'forward': [2736, 2822, 2969, 3022, 3059, 4897], 'tracking.': [2737], 'possibility': [2739], 'structural': [2744, 4455, 5427], 'earliest': [2754, 4811], 'branching': [2755, 4812], 'point': [2756, 3645, 4813], 'functional': [2794], 'features': [2795, 4334, 4782, 5368], 'location': [2802, 2815, 5875], 'center': [2806, 2907, 2931, 3040, 3181, 4949, 5028, 5046], 'relative': [2807, 3041, 3176], 'DNA.': [2809], 'shifts': [2816], 'accord': [2818], 'putative': [2821, 3107, 5397], 'tracking': [2823, 3060, 4898, 5098], 'footprinting.': [2833, 3006], 'According': [2834, 5230], 'Zaychikov': [2836], '(11Zaychikov': [2839], 'E.': [2840, 2842, 4423, 4795], 'Martin': [2841], 'Denissova': [2843], 'L.': [2844, 4012], 'Kozlov': [2845], 'Markovtsov': [2847], 'V.': [2848, 2854], 'Kashlev': [2849], 'Heumann': [2851, 3813, 4297, 4317, 4373, 4684, 5486], 'Nikiforov': [2853], 'Goldfarb': [2855], 'A.': [2856, 2858, 4398, 5353, 5406], 'Mustaev': [2857], 'Science.': [2859, 5573], '107-109Crossref': [2862], '(150)': [2865], 'ferrous': [2869], 'ion': [2870], '(Fe2+)': [2871], 'allowed': [2873], 'replace': [2875], 'Mg2+': [2877], 'normally': [2879], 'makes': [2880], 'chelate': [2882, 2890], 'center.': [2886, 4856], 'resultant': [2888], 'Fe2+': [2889, 2994], 'generates': [2891], 'hydroxyl': [2892], 'radicals': [2893], 'cleave': [2895], 'nearby,': [2900], 'allowing': [2901], 'fine': [2902], 'mapping': [2903, 2961], 'onto': [2908], 'Fig.4': [2915], 'tracings': [2918], 'autoradiograms': [2921], 'mapping.': [2925], 'polymerase-T7A1': [2935], 'maps': [2942], '−2': [2947, 2978, 5055], 'secondary': [2950], 'peak': [2951], '−1': [2953, 2980, 5032], '4A,': [2955], 'gray': [2956], 'line).': [2957, 2985], 'significant': [2968, 4863, 4909], 'shifting,': [2970], 'such': [2971, 4484, 5502], 'major': [2975, 4927], 'peaks': [2976], 'strengths': [2983], '(black': [2984], 'direction': [2987, 3104], 'movement': [2990, 4278, 5105, 5140], 'cleavage': [2995, 4852], 'involves': [3015, 3408], 'positioned': [3020], 'maintain': [3033], 'strand,': [3045], 'increasing': [3049], 'presumably': [3053, 3540], 'represents': [3054], 'sharp': [3073], 'contrast': [3074], 'where': [3081, 5387], 'back-tracking': [3082], 'response': [3089], '4B).': [3097], 'functionally': [3149], 'products,': [3159], 'structure': [3161, 5275, 5377], 'depend': [3163], 'specific': [3166, 5857], 'involved,': [3168], 'giving': [3169, 3945], 'either': [3173, 3461], 'direction.': [3174], 'optimal': [3184], 'decrease': [3187], 'activity': [3190, 3213, 3922], 'affinity': [3204, 3976, 4062], 'smaller': [3211], 'elongating': [3212, 4252], 'presented': [3231], 'lines': [3233], 'kinetic': [3247, 4418, 4430, 4453, 4651, 5450, 5888], 'biochemical': [3263], 'III-footprinting': [3277], 'assays.': [3278], 'cases,': [3281], 'distinct': [3290, 5853], 'Despite': [3308, 5445], 'means': [3328], 'rapidly': [3340, 3837, 4543, 5472], 'inactivated': [3344], 'form': [3346, 3629], 'expected': [3367, 3435, 3584, 3765, 5991], 'exchange': [3369, 3377, 3413, 3545, 3586], 'rapidly,': [3370], 'those': [3372, 5416], 'scarcely.': [3378], 'difficult': [3381], 'measure': [3383, 3399], 'conversion': [3385, 4581, 5734, 5764], 'rates': [3386], 'directly': [3387], 'order': [3389, 4123], 'confirm': [3391], 'prediction.': [3393], 'possible': [3397, 4982], 'overall': [3401, 3428, 3524], 'rate': [3402, 3429, 3699, 4145], 'combination': [3410], 'breakdown': [3417], 'rapid': [3439, 3574, 3585, 3753, 3766, 3776, 3795, 3850, 4562, 4580, 4593, 5531], 'Consistent': [3445], 'reasoning,': [3450], 'reduction': [3452], 'replacing': [3463], 'σ70': [3464, 5149], 'mutant': [3469, 3532], 'acceleration': [3521], 'rate.': [3526], 'σ,': [3533], 'biphasic': [3534], 'kinetics': [3536, 3562, 3691], 'observed,': [3539], 'phase': [3542, 3549], 'breakdown.': [3552], 'factors,': [3559, 4610], 'monophasic,': [3565], 'too': [3573, 4993], 'measured.': [3577], 'confirmed': [3579, 5371, 5766], 'competitor': [3607, 3639, 3666, 3903], 'fragment.': [3612], 'Holoenzyme': [3613], 'preincubated': [3615, 3932], '1.5-fold': [3621], 'large': [3635], 'added.': [3641], 'examined,': [3646], '3NTP': [3647], 'continued': [3655], 'encodes': [3668], 'G-start,': [3670], 'detected.': [3677], '(6-mer)': [3688], 'transcripts.': [3689], 'monophasic': [3693, 3755, 4564, 4595], 'species,': [3696], 'constants': [3700], '(0.2': [3704], 'min−1).': [3705], 'As': [3706], 'predicted,': [3707], 'value': [3709], 'larger': [3712], '(0.03': [3721], 'min−1': [3722], '9-mer': [3726], 'species': [3727], 'Scholar)).': [3751], 'decay': [3756, 3777, 3949], 'Metzger': [3802, 4291], '(12Metzger': [3805, 4365, 4676, 5478], 'W.': [3806, 3812, 4102, 4230, 4292, 4294, 4310, 4314, 4366, 4372, 4677, 4683, 5479, 5485, 5567], 'Schickor': [3807, 4311, 4367, 4678, 5480], 'P.': [3808, 4290, 4312, 4368, 4679, 5481], 'Meier': [3809, 4369, 4680, 5482], 'Werel': [3811, 4293, 4313, 4371, 4682, 5484], '1993;': [3818, 4378, 4689, 5491], '232:': [3819, 4379, 4690, 5492], '35-49Crossref': [3820, 4380, 4691, 5493], '(42)': [3823, 4383, 4694, 5496], 'open': [3829, 3854, 5535, 5601, 5625], 'inhibited': [3838], 'preincubation': [3840], 'interpreted': [3844, 4435], 'supposing': [3856], 'competitive': [3858, 3958], 'role': [3859, 3865], 'allosteric': [3864, 5542], 'postulated': [3869], 'whole': [3875], '(13Pfeffer': [3878], 'S.R.': [3879], 'Stahl': [3880], 'S.J.': [3881, 4034], 'Chamberlin': [3882, 4035, 4082, 4170, 4256, 4349, 4390], 'M.J.': [3883, 4036, 4083, 4171, 4257, 4350, 4391], '1977;': [3887, 4040], '252:': [3888], '5403-5407Abstract': [3889], 'works': [3900], 'our': [3905, 5119], 'experiment.': [3906], 'substituted': [3908], 'sufficient': [3916], 'destroy': [3918], '(0.04': [3926], 'mg/ml)': [3927, 3987], 'when': [3928, 4963], 'had': [3930, 4532], 'holoenzyme.': [3934], 'data': [3936], 'agreed': [3942], 'within': [3943], '15%,': [3944], 'curves': [3950], '5).': [3952], 'essentially': [3956], 'inhibitor.': [3959], 'artificial': [3970], 'extremely': [3974], 'strong': [3975], 'higher': [3982], '(5': [3986], 'needed': [3989], 'inhibition': [3992], 'effects': [3997, 5931], 'concentrations': [4003], 'mg/ml.': [4008], '1T.': [4009], 'Gaal,': [4010], 'Gourse,': [4013], 'Shimamoto,': [4016], 'unpublished': [4017, 5408], 'result.': [4018, 5409], 'Among': [4019], 'Escherichia': [4023], 'coli': [4024, 4424, 4505], '(14Stahl': [4033], '112:': [4041], '577-601Crossref': [4042], '(70)': [4045], 'best': [4053], 'studied': [4054, 4288], '15Nierman': [4080, 4168], 'W.C.': [4081, 4169], '1979;': [4087, 4175, 4216], '254:': [4088, 4176], '7921-7926Abstract': [4089, 4177], 'strongest': [4100, 5587], '(16Kammerer': [4101, 4229], 'Deuschle': [4103, 4231], 'U.': [4104, 4232, 4396], 'Gentz': [4105, 4233], 'Bujard': [4107, 4235], '1986;': [4111, 4239], '5:': [4112, 4200, 4240], '2995-3000Crossref': [4113, 4241], '(111)': [4116, 4244], 'Using': [4119], 'substrates': [4127], 'incorporation': [4147], 'single': [4149], 'determined': [4152], '(17Smagowicz': [4192], 'W.J.': [4193], 'Scheit': [4194], 'K.H.': [4195], '1978;': [4199], '1919-1932Crossref': [4201], '(29)': [4204], '18Wu': [4207], 'Oen': [4209], 'C.-W.': [4210], 'Haas': [4211], 'Cole': [4213], 'P.E.': [4214], '18:': [4217], '4148-4155Crossref': [4218], '(57)': [4221], 'concepts': [4225], 'clearance': [4228], 'initial': [4249], 'transcribing': [4250], 'complex/initial': [4251], '(19Krummel': [4254], 'B.': [4255], '1989;': [4259, 4321], '28:': [4260], '7829-7842Crossref': [4261], '(174)': [4264], 'established': [4268, 4480, 4831], 'experiments': [4270, 5420], 'including': [4273, 5415], 'T7A1,': [4274], 'translocational': [4277], 'away': [4282], 'systematically': [4287], '(20Schickor': [4289], 'Lederer': [4295, 4315], '1990;': [4301, 4354], '9:': [4302], '2215-2220Crossref': [4303], '(112)': [4306], '21Metzger': [4309], '8:': [4322], '2745-2754Crossref': [4323], '(83)': [4326], 'normal': [4333, 4716], 'discovered': [4341], 'unit': [4346], '(22Arndt': [4347], 'K.M.': [4348], '213:': [4355], '79-108Google': [4356], 'hydrolysis': [4359], 'revealed': [4364], '23Altmann': [4386], 'C.R.': [4387], 'Solow-Cordero': [4388], 'D.E.': [4389], 'Proc.': [4392], 'Natl.': [4393], 'Acad.': [4394], 'Sci.': [4395], 'S.': [4397, 5405, 6006], '1994;': [4399], '91:': [4400], '3784-3788Crossref': [4401], '(62)': [4404], 'representative': [4414], 'studies': [4419], 'polymerase.': [4426], 'based': [4436], 'assumption': [4439], 'new': [4452], 'recently': [4478], 'theE.': [4504], 'malT': [4506], 'appeared': [4533], 'converts': [4541], 'equivalent': [4556], 'indeed': [4578], 'concluded': [4614], 'introduced': [4615], 'reversibility': [4616, 5199, 5635], 'Abortive': [4639], 'investigated': [4647], 'conventional': [4650], 'misincorporation': [4661], '(with': [4663], 'instead': [4665], 'G': [4667], 'fourth': [4670], 'position)': [4671], '50': [4673], 'significantly': [4705], 'able': [4710], 'did': [4720], 'KCl.': [4729], 'lacUV5': [4741], 'conclude': [4759], 'qualitative': [4764], 'others.': [4773], 'quantitative.': [4778], 'common': [4781, 4802], 'general': [4790], 'coliσ70-holoenzyme.': [4796], 'features,': [4803], 'inclined': [4806], 'hypothesize': [4808], 'pathways': [4817, 5834], 'exists': [4818], 'already': [4830], 'hypothesis': [4837, 4983], 'substantiated': [4839], 'agrees': [4881], '2–3%,': [4925], 'early': [4935], 'opposite': [4955, 5067], 'directions': [4956], 'reduced.': [4967], 'hard': [4972], 'present,': [4977], 'speculations': [4978], 'possible.': [4980, 5024, 5088], 'stable': [4994, 5036], 'terms': [4996, 5462], 'translocation': [4998, 5022], 'along': [4999], 'quasi-stable': [5012, 5049], 'states': [5013], 'unfavorable': [5016], 'positioning': [5017], 'locates': [5029], 'near': [5030], 'state': [5037, 5050], 'independently': [5038], 'respectively': [5052], 'close': [5053, 5325], '+1': [5057], 'dislocations': [5068], 'merely': [5070], 'reflection': [5072], 'induced': [5079], 'models': [5085, 5092], 'equally': [5087], 'Irrespective': [5089], 'understood': [5102], 'molecule': [5109], 'distortion': [5114], 'move': [5136], 'irrespective': [5137, 5872], 'boundary.': [5143], 'Mutations': [5144], 'known': [5151], '(25Hernandez': [5168], 'Hsu': [5170], 'L.M.': [5171], 'Cashel': [5172], '271:': [5178], '18775-18779Abstract': [5179], '(34)': [5187], 'alteration': [5191], 'protein': [5232], 'σ70,': [5235], 'exposed': [5249], '(26Nagai': [5258, 5294], '2:': [5265, 5301], '725-734Crossref': [5266, 5302], '(45)': [5269, 5305], 'upon': [5280], 'binds': [5289, 5394], 'core': [5292], '27Zhou': [5308], 'Y.N.': [5309], 'Walter': [5310], 'W.A.': [5311], 'Gross': [5312], 'C.A.': [5313], 'Bacteriol.': [5315], '1992;': [5316], '174:': [5317], '5005-5012Crossref': [5318], 'lies': [5323], 'proximity': [5326], '−10': [5332], '−35': [5335], 'boxes': [5336], 'start': [5341], '(+1)': [5343], '(28Owens': [5344], 'J.T.': [5345], 'Chmura': [5346], 'A.J.': [5347], 'Murakami': [5348, 5403], 'K.': [5349], 'Fujita': [5350], 'Ishihama': [5352], 'Meares': [5354], 'C.F.': [5355], '37:': [5358], '7670-7675Crossref': [5359], '(51)': [5362], 'fact,': [5366], 'exist': [5373], 'crystal': [5376], 'Thermus': [5382], 'aquaticusholoenzyme': [5383], '3.2': [5390], 'σ-subunit': [5393], 'exit': [5398], 'channel': [5399], '2K.': [5402], 'Darst,': [5407], 'fates': [5438], 'widespread': [5447], 'use': [5448], 'studies,': [5451], 'typical': [5459], 'function.': [5464], 'dissociates': [5471], 'insensitive': [5505], 'reagent.': [5508], 'sensitivity': [5511, 5555], 'effect': [5543], 'peculiar': [5546], 'rrnBP1': [5560], '(24Gaal': [5562], 'Bartlett': [5564], 'M.S.': [5565], 'Ross': [5566], 'Turnbough': [5568], 'Jr.,': [5569], 'C.L.': [5570], 'Gourse': [5571], 'R.L.': [5572], '278:': [5575], '2092-2097Crossref': [5576], '(290)': [5579], 'vivo': [5590], 'weak': [5593], 'vitro.': [5599], 'equilibrate': [5607], 'reversibly': [5608], 'their': [5610], 'free': [5611], 'components.': [5612], 'provide': [5615], 'widely': [5619], 'held': [5620], 'mistaken': [5621], 'belief': [5622], 'irreversibly': [5628], 'resistant': [5631], 'intrinsically': [5647], 'compared': [5650], 'generate': [5659], 'complexes.': [5661], 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