Title: Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update
Abstract: HomeCirculationVol. 123, No. 11Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissionsDownload Articles + Supplements ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyRedditDiggEmail Jump toSupplementary MaterialsFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBEffectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 UpdateA Guideline From the American Heart Association Lori Mosca, MD, MPH, PhD, FAHA, Chair, Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA, Kathy Berra, MSN, NP, Judy L. Bezanson, DSN, CNS, RN, Rowena J. Dolor, MD, MHS, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHS, Ileana L. Piña, MD, MPH, FAHA, Véronique L. Roger, MD, MPH, Leslee J. Shaw, PhD, Dong Zhao, MD, PhD, Theresa M. Beckie, PhD, Cheryl Bushnell, MD, MHS, FAHA, Jeanine D'Armiento, MD, PhD, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD, Jing Fang, MD, MS, Theodore G. Ganiats, MD, Antoinette S. Gomes, MD, Clarisa R. Gracia, MD, MSCE, Constance K. Haan, MD, MS, Elizabeth A. Jackson, MD, MPH, Debra R. Judelson, MD, Ellie Kelepouris, MD, FAHA, Carl J. Lavie, MD, Anne Moore, APRN, Nancy A. Nussmeier, MD, FAHA, Elizabeth Ofili, MD, MPH, Suzanne Oparil, MD, FAHA, Pamela Ouyang, MBBS, Vivian W. Pinn, MD, Katherine Sherif, MD, Sidney C. SmithJr, MD, FAHA, George Sopko, MD, MPH, Nisha Chandra-Strobos, MD, Elaine M. Urbina, MD, MS, Viola Vaccarino, MD, PhD, FAHA and Nanette K. Wenger, MD, MACC, MACP, FAHA Lori MoscaLori Mosca The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Emelia J. BenjaminEmelia J. Benjamin The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Kathy BerraKathy Berra The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Judy L. BezansonJudy L. Bezanson The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Rowena J. DolorRowena J. Dolor The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Donald M. Lloyd-JonesDonald M. Lloyd-Jones The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , L. Kristin NewbyL. Kristin Newby The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Ileana L. PiñaIleana L. Piña The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Véronique L. RogerVéronique L. Roger The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Leslee J. ShawLeslee J. Shaw The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Dong ZhaoDong Zhao The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Theresa M. BeckieTheresa M. Beckie The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Cheryl BushnellCheryl Bushnell The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Jeanine D'ArmientoJeanine D'Armiento The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Penny M. Kris-EthertonPenny M. Kris-Etherton The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Jing FangJing Fang The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Theodore G. GaniatsTheodore G. Ganiats The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Antoinette S. GomesAntoinette S. Gomes The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Clarisa R. GraciaClarisa R. Gracia The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Constance K. HaanConstance K. Haan The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Elizabeth A. JacksonElizabeth A. Jackson The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Debra R. JudelsonDebra R. Judelson The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Ellie KelepourisEllie Kelepouris The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Carl J. LavieCarl J. Lavie The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Anne MooreAnne Moore The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Nancy A. NussmeierNancy A. Nussmeier The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Elizabeth OfiliElizabeth Ofili The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (C.R.G.), Society of Thoracic Surgeons (C.K.H.), American College of Cardiology (E.A.J.), American Medical Women's Association (D.R.J.), National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health (A.M.), Association of Black Cardiologists (E.O.), National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health (V.W.P.), American College of Physicians† (K.S.), World Heart Federation (S.C.S.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (G.S.). Search for more papers by this author , Suzanne OparilSuzanne Oparil The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L.M., E.J.B., K.B., J.L.B., R.J.D., D.M.L-J., L.K.N., I.L.P., V.L.R., L.J.S., D.Z., T.M.B., C.B., J.D., P.M.K-E., A.S.G., E.K., C.J.L., N.A.N., S.O., P.O., N.C-S., E.M.U., V.V., N.K.W.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention* (J.F.), American Academy of Family Physicians (T.G.G.), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist