Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1992195520', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03008451', 'title': 'Analgesic and pulmonary effects of continuous intercostal nerve block following thoracotomy', 'display_name': 'Analgesic and pulmonary effects of continuous intercostal nerve block following thoracotomy', 'publication_year': 1991, 'publication_date': '1991-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1992195520', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03008451', 'mag': '1992195520', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1914056'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03008451', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03008451.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210186964', 'display_name': 'Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie', 'issn_l': '0832-610X', 'issn': ['0832-610X', '1496-8975'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03008451.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100648279', 'display_name': 'Vincent Chan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-708X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vincent W. S. Chan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077550249', 'display_name': 'Frances Chung', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9576-3606'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frances Chung', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008526274', 'display_name': 'Davy Cheng', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Davy C. H. Cheng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058289622', 'display_name': 'C. Seyone', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chanth Seyone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049017930', 'display_name': 'Alan Chung', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alan Chung', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023883611', 'display_name': 'T J Kirby', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-5363'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas J. Kirby', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Toronto Western Division, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3390, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 4390, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.305, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 62, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.936632, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '38', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '733', 'last_page': '739'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10189', 'display_name': 'Management of Postoperative Pain and Complications', 'score': 0.9946, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10189', 'display_name': 'Management of Postoperative Pain and Complications', 'score': 0.9946, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10863', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Treatment of Voice Disorders', 'score': 0.9891, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12459', 'display_name': 'Surgical Management of Brachial Plexus Injuries', 'score': 0.985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/intercostal-nerves', 'display_name': 'Intercostal nerves', 'score': 0.7594533}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/thoracotomy', 'display_name': 'Thoracotomy', 'score': 0.757299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pain', 'display_name': 'Postoperative Pain', 'score': 0.489392}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779297532', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515961', 'display_name': 'Intercostal nerves', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7594533}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778847313', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340337', 'display_name': 'Thoracotomy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.757299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.70538664}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780820201', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235', 'display_name': 'Analgesic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67560095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.65628856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777197265', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4379667', 'display_name': 'Nerve block', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5246061}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777210771', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124', 'display_name': 'Block (permutation group theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49880052}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21476942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D007367', 'descriptor_name': 'Intercostal Nerves', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008168', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009407', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Block', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010149', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain, Postoperative', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013908', 'descriptor_name': 'Thoracotomy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000369', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged, 80 and over', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002045', 'descriptor_name': 'Bupivacaine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002045', 'descriptor_name': 'Bupivacaine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002045', 'descriptor_name': 'Bupivacaine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002404', 'descriptor_name': 'Catheterization', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002404', 'descriptor_name': 'Catheterization', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004311', 'descriptor_name': 'Double-Blind Method', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005541', 'descriptor_name': 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005541', 'descriptor_name': 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005541', 'descriptor_name': 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007367', 'descriptor_name': 'Intercostal Nerves', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008168', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008168', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009020', 'descriptor_name': 'Morphine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009020', 'descriptor_name': 'Morphine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009407', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Block', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010147', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain Measurement', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010149', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain, Postoperative', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010366', 'descriptor_name': 'Peak Expiratory Flow Rate', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010366', 'descriptor_name': 'Peak Expiratory Flow Rate', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010366', 'descriptor_name': 'Peak Expiratory Flow Rate', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010919', 'descriptor_name': 'Placebos', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011446', 'descriptor_name': 'Prospective Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013908', 'descriptor_name': 'Thoracotomy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014797', 'descriptor_name': 'Vital Capacity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014797', 'descriptor_name': 'Vital Capacity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014797', 'descriptor_name': 'Vital Capacity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03008451', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03008451.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210186964', 'display_name': 'Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie', 'issn_l': '0832-610X', 'issn': ['0832-610X', '1496-8975'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1914056', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03008451', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03008451.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210186964', 'display_name': 'Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie', 'issn_l': '0832-610X', 'issn': ['0832-610X', '1496-8975'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.73, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1965192276', 'https://openalex.org/W1980829330', 'https://openalex.org/W1981228593', 'https://openalex.org/W1984312301', 'https://openalex.org/W1994599805', 'https://openalex.org/W2002391434', 'https://openalex.org/W2003701013', 'https://openalex.org/W2004515236', 'https://openalex.org/W2023154897', 'https://openalex.org/W2033445118', 'https://openalex.org/W2046096224', 'https://openalex.org/W2048802808', 'https://openalex.org/W2052659536', 'https://openalex.org/W2052786011', 'https://openalex.org/W2055294776', 'https://openalex.org/W2058851851', 'https://openalex.org/W2068895170', 'https://openalex.org/W2071128476', 'https://openalex.org/W2087787638', 'https://openalex.org/W2091570270', 'https://openalex.org/W2092894596', 'https://openalex.org/W2095270196', 'https://openalex.org/W2109048729', 'https://openalex.org/W2117727783', 'https://openalex.org/W2119308153', 'https://openalex.org/W2119744018', 'https://openalex.org/W2151528974', 'https://openalex.org/W2398442953', 'https://openalex.org/W2423164411', 'https://openalex.org/W2425970770', 'https://openalex.org/W3035946194', 'https://openalex.org/W4232100043', 'https://openalex.org/W4321258412'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3031947454', 'https://openalex.org/W3029719743', 'https://openalex.org/W2600813063', 'https://openalex.org/W2392544471', 'https://openalex.org/W2391493442', 'https://openalex.org/W2352669336', 'https://openalex.org/W2293425031', 'https://openalex.org/W2026761648', 'https://openalex.org/W1995580360', 'https://openalex.org/W1968690312'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'study': [1, 175], 'examined': [2], 'the': [3, 104, 133, 150, 165, 181], 'beneficial': [4], 'effects': [5], 'and': [6, 86, 124], 'potential': [7], 'systemic': [8, 147], 'toxicity': [9], 'from': [10], 'continuous': [11, 168], 'intercostal': [12, 63, 70, 141, 169], 'nerve': [13, 170], 'block': [14, 171], 'by': [15], 'repeated': [16], 'bolus': [17], 'injections': [18, 72], 'of': [19, 35, 114, 167, 183], 'bupivacaine.': [20], 'In': [21], 'this': [22, 174], 'double-blind,': [23], 'randomized': [24], 'study,': [25], '20': [26, 37, 51], 'post-thoracotomy': [27, 184], 'patients': [28, 102], 'were': [29, 129], 'assigned': [30], 'to': [31, 146], 'receive': [32], 'four': [33], 'doses': [34], 'either:': [36], 'ml': [38, 52], '0.5%': [39], 'bupivacaine': [40, 71, 134, 142, 152], 'with': [41], 'epinephrine': [42], '5': [43], 'micrograms.ml-1': [44], '(bupivacaine': [45], 'group,': [46, 56], 'n': [47, 57], '=': [48, 58], '10),': [49], 'or': [50], 'preservative-free': [53], 'saline': [54], '(placebo': [55], '10)': [59], 'through': [60], 'two': [61], 'indwelling': [62], 'catheters': [64], 'every': [65], 'six': [66], 'hours.': [67], 'Patients': [68], 'receiving': [69], 'had': [73], 'greater': [74], 'decreases': [75], 'in': [76, 103, 118, 132, 173], 'visual': [77], 'analogue': [78], 'pain': [79], 'scores': [80], '(VAS)': [81], '(P': [82, 107, 136], 'less': [83, 108, 137], 'than': [84, 101, 109, 138], '0.05)': [85], 'lower': [87], '24': [88], 'hr': [89], 'morphine': [90], 'requirements,': [91], '16.6': [92], '+/-': [93, 98, 161], '4.6': [94], 'mg': [95, 156], 'vs': [96], '35.8': [97], '7.2': [99], 'mg,': [100], 'placebo': [105], 'group': [106, 135], '0.05).': [110], 'Higher': [111], 'post-injection': [112], 'values': [113], 'forced': [115, 121], 'expiratory': [116, 126], 'volume': [117], 'one': [119], 'second,': [120], 'vital': [122], 'capacity': [123], 'peaked': [125], 'flow': [127], 'rate': [128], 'also': [130], 'observed': [131], '0.01).': [139], 'Repeated': [140], 'administration': [143], 'did': [144], 'lead': [145], 'accumulation,': [148], 'but': [149], 'peak': [151], 'level': [153], 'after': [154], '400': [155], 'was': [157], 'low': [158], 'at': [159], '1.2': [160], '0.2': [162], 'microgram.ml-1.': [163], 'Thus,': [164], 'technique': [166], 'described': [172], 'is': [176], 'an': [177], 'effective': [178], 'treatment': [179], 'for': [180], 'control': [182], 'pain.': [185]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992195520', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T09:10:51.702873', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}