Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1991071802', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2136809100', 'title': 'Genome evolution reveals biochemical networks and functional modules', 'display_name': 'Genome evolution reveals biochemical networks and functional modules', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-12-12', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1991071802', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2136809100', 'mag': '1991071802', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14673105', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/307584'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2136809100', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc307584?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000334281', 'display_name': 'Christian von Mering', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-9102'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mstc592', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'display_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02catss52', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christian von Mering', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029893038', 'display_name': 'Evgeny M. Zdobnov', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-1498'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'display_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02catss52', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mstc592', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Evgeny M. Zdobnov', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076507299', 'display_name': 'Sophia Tsoka', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1282'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mstc592', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'display_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02catss52', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sophia Tsoka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028555570', 'display_name': 'Francesca D. Ciccarelli', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-0900'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mstc592', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'display_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02catss52', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I6141010', 'display_name': 'European Institute of Oncology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02vr0ne26', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210153126', 'https://openalex.org/I6141010']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB', 'IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Francesca D. Ciccarelli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'Istituto Europeo di Oncologia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Istituto Europeo di Oncologia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I6141010']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058377928', 'display_name': 'José B. Pereira-Leal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-7119'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mstc592', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'display_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02catss52', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jose B. Pereira-Leal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022717154', 'display_name': 'Christos Ouzounis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0086-8657'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mstc592', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'display_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02catss52', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christos A. Ouzounis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074309419', 'display_name': 'Peer Bork', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2627-833X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'display_name': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mstc592', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'display_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02catss52', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'https://openalex.org/I4210138560']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peer Bork', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, D-13012 Berlin, Germany; and Computational Genomics Group, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138560', 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.864, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 158, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.855977, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '100', 'issue': '26', 'first_page': '15428', 'last_page': '15433'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10932', 'display_name': 'Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10932', 'display_name': 'Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10887', 'display_name': 'Analysis of Gene Interaction Networks', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10044', 'display_name': 'Protein Structure Prediction and Analysis', 'score': 0.9956, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity', 'display_name': 'Modularity (biology)', 'score': 0.7418976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-set-enrichment-analysis', 'display_name': 'Gene Set Enrichment Analysis', 'score': 0.525991}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-data-integration', 'display_name': 'Genomic Data Integration', 'score': 0.521118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-scale-models', 'display_name': 'Genome-Scale Models', 'score': 0.511164}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8602235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.77744985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779478453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748', 'display_name': 'Modularity (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7418976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7160233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.593529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55738115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C193252679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125', 'display_name': 'Phylogenetic tree', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.480607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14036430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076', 'display_name': 'Function (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45950812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32568747}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004926', 'descriptor_name': 'Escherichia coli', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004926', 'descriptor_name': 'Escherichia coli', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016680', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000596', 'descriptor_name': 'Amino Acids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000596', 'descriptor_name': 'Amino Acids', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D050260', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002453', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Cycle', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002455', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Division', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004926', 'descriptor_name': 'Escherichia coli', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004926', 'descriptor_name': 'Escherichia coli', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D050356', 'descriptor_name': 'Lipid Metabolism', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008954', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Biological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009415', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Net', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2136809100', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S125754415', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences', 'issn_l': '0027-8424', 'issn': ['0027-8424', '1091-6490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320052', 'host_organization_name': 'National Academy of Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320052'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Academy of Sciences'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc307584', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc307584?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC307584', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14673105', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc307584', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc307584?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.62, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 45, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1533936090', 'https://openalex.org/W158815068', 'https://openalex.org/W1604602862', 'https://openalex.org/W1643328986', 'https://openalex.org/W1644749979', 'https://openalex.org/W1675570769', 'https://openalex.org/W1921645034', 'https://openalex.org/W1968482168', 'https://openalex.org/W1973010815', 'https://openalex.org/W1974699512', 'https://openalex.org/W1995117714', 'https://openalex.org/W2018045523', 'https://openalex.org/W2041973695', 'https://openalex.org/W2054457669', 'https://openalex.org/W2057885377', 'https://openalex.org/W2079048673', 'https://openalex.org/W2084902262', 'https://openalex.org/W2095387858', 'https://openalex.org/W2096358531', 'https://openalex.org/W2099029075', 'https://openalex.org/W2100889355', 'https://openalex.org/W2101327327', 'https://openalex.org/W2101595316', 'https://openalex.org/W2101783948', 'https://openalex.org/W2103017472', 'https://openalex.org/W2105304026', 'https://openalex.org/W2106391842', 'https://openalex.org/W2106783844', 'https://openalex.org/W2107424557', 'https://openalex.org/W2109715166', 'https://openalex.org/W2121166240', 'https://openalex.org/W2121529254', 'https://openalex.org/W2124166542', 'https://openalex.org/W2125508747', 'https://openalex.org/W2134153749', 'https://openalex.org/W2146312020', 'https://openalex.org/W2148853951', 'https://openalex.org/W2160453515', 'https://openalex.org/W2164366364', 'https://openalex.org/W2169382386', 'https://openalex.org/W2169929748', 'https://openalex.org/W2583187415', 'https://openalex.org/W3146003712', 'https://openalex.org/W4252706339', 'https://openalex.org/W4298266977'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4230687177', 'https://openalex.org/W3120118008', 'https://openalex.org/W2529820324', 'https://openalex.org/W2414975422', 'https://openalex.org/W2367249529', 'https://openalex.org/W2349859869', 'https://openalex.org/W2144958703', 'https://openalex.org/W2080410528', 'https://openalex.org/W2051365847', 'https://openalex.org/W1968829728'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 75, 184, 205], 'analysis': [1], 'of': [2, 14, 62, 94, 113, 123, 131, 166, 180, 194], 'completely': [3], 'sequenced': [4], 'genomes': [5], 'uncovers': [6], 'an': [7, 176], 'astonishing': [8], 'variability': [9], 'between': [10, 32, 51], 'species': [11], 'in': [12, 139, 173, 210, 216], 'terms': [13], 'gene': [15, 85, 87, 95], 'content': [16], 'and': [17, 90, 106, 189, 202], 'order.': [18], 'During': [19], 'genome': [20, 67], 'history,': [21], 'the': [22, 48, 57, 121, 132, 148, 167, 200], 'genes': [23], 'are': [24, 42, 81], 'frequently': [25], 'rear-ranged,': [26], 'duplicated,': [27], 'lost,': [28], 'or': [29], 'transferred': [30], 'horizontally': [31], 'genomes.': [33, 218], 'These': [34, 53], 'events': [35], 'appear': [36], 'to': [37, 69, 79, 108, 156, 192], 'be': [38, 152], 'stochastic,': [39], 'yet': [40], 'they': [41], 'under': [43], 'selective': [44], 'constraints': [45, 55], 'resulting': [46], 'from': [47], 'functional': [49, 71, 141, 196], 'interactions': [50], 'genes.': [52, 74], 'genomic': [54], 'form': [56], 'basis': [58], 'for': [59], 'a': [60, 109, 117, 126, 140], 'variety': [61], 'techniques': [63, 78], 'that': [64, 100, 130, 208], 'employ': [65], 'systematic': [66], 'comparisons': [68], 'predict': [70], 'associations': [72], 'among': [73], 'most': [76], 'powerful': [77], 'date': [80], 'based': [82], 'on': [83], 'conserved': [84], 'neighborhood,': [86], 'fusion': [88], 'events,': [89], 'common': [91], 'phylogenetic': [92], 'distributions': [93], 'families.': [96], 'Here': [97], 'we': [98], 'show': [99], 'these': [101], 'techniques,': [102], 'if': [103], 'integrated': [104], 'quantitatively': [105], 'applied': [107], 'sufficiently': [110], 'large': [111], 'number': [112], 'genomes,': [114], 'have': [115, 190], 'reached': [116], 'resolution': [118], 'which': [119], 'allows': [120], 'characterization': [122], 'function': [124], 'at': [125, 181, 199], 'higher': [127], 'level': [128], 'than': [129], 'individual': [133], 'gene:': [134], 'global': [135], 'modularity': [136, 209], 'becomes': [137], 'detectable': [138], 'protein': [142, 201, 211], 'network.': [143], 'In': [144], 'Escherichia': [145], 'coli': [146], ',': [147], 'predicted': [149], 'modules': [150, 185], 'can': [151], 'bench-marked': [153], 'by': [154], 'comparison': [155], 'known': [157, 168], 'metabolic': [158, 169], 'pathways.': [159], 'We': [160], 'found': [161], 'as': [162, 164], 'many': [163], '74%': [165], 'enzymes': [170], 'clustering': [171], 'together': [172], 'modules,': [174], 'with': [175], 'average': [177], 'pathway': [178, 203], 'specificity': [179], 'least': [182], '84%.': [183], 'extend': [186], 'beyond': [187], 'metabolism,': [188], 'led': [191], 'hundreds': [193], 'reliable': [195], 'predictions': [197], 'both': [198], 'level.': [204], 'results': [206], 'indicate': [207], 'networks': [212], 'is': [213], 'intrinsically': [214], 'encoded': [215], 'present-day': [217]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991071802', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-15T04:51:38.749419', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}