Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1991011653', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2003.12.012', 'title': 'The past vs. the tiny: historical science and the abductive arguments for realism', 'display_name': 'The past vs. the tiny: historical science and the abductive arguments for realism', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-02-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1991011653', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2003.12.012', 'mag': '1991011653'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2003.12.012', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S21220828', 'display_name': 'Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A', 'issn_l': '0039-3681', 'issn': ['0039-3681', '1879-2510'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077242524', 'display_name': 'Derek Turner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-0788'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4498119', 'display_name': 'Connecticut College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hpqfm28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4498119']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Derek D. Turner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Philosophy, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Philosophy, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4498119']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5077242524'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4498119'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2740, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2740, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.803, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 13, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.944601, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 83, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '35', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '17'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10778', 'display_name': 'Philosophy and History of Science', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10778', 'display_name': 'Philosophy and History of Science', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12182', 'display_name': 'Evolution and Science Education', 'score': 0.9792, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14475', 'display_name': 'History of Science and Medicine', 'score': 0.9592, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-realism', 'display_name': 'Scientific realism', 'score': 0.8850838}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable', 'display_name': 'Unobservable', 'score': 0.8471519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophical-realism', 'display_name': 'Philosophical realism', 'score': 0.5756777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/abductive-reasoning', 'display_name': 'Abductive reasoning', 'score': 0.5368946}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C543847140', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826', 'display_name': 'Realism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.88704705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103138315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431354', 'display_name': 'Scientific realism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8850838}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780695315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040', 'display_name': 'Unobservable', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8471519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7016875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C514301927', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735590', 'display_name': 'Philosophical realism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5756777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5604989}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29717899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483466', 'display_name': 'Critical realism (philosophy of perception)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5442645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166088908', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308495', 'display_name': 'Abductive reasoning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5368946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168072608', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860201', 'display_name': 'Direct and indirect realism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50755155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776214188', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386', 'display_name': 'Inference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46847904}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14036430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076', 'display_name': 'Function (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4267823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2003.12.012', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S21220828', 'display_name': 'Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A', 'issn_l': '0039-3681', 'issn': ['0039-3681', '1879-2510'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.47}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1539968307', 'https://openalex.org/W1576706715', 'https://openalex.org/W1608679236', 'https://openalex.org/W182457031', 'https://openalex.org/W1911682890', 'https://openalex.org/W1977803477', 'https://openalex.org/W1982095996', 'https://openalex.org/W1985150064', 'https://openalex.org/W1996934409', 'https://openalex.org/W2010463828', 'https://openalex.org/W2029824284', 'https://openalex.org/W2053690711', 'https://openalex.org/W2079546849', 'https://openalex.org/W2100522339', 'https://openalex.org/W2313544928', 'https://openalex.org/W2316663026', 'https://openalex.org/W2335342163', 'https://openalex.org/W2409645054', 'https://openalex.org/W243674950', 'https://openalex.org/W253470768', 'https://openalex.org/W26675427', 'https://openalex.org/W287031440', 'https://openalex.org/W294291733', 'https://openalex.org/W3045590360', 'https://openalex.org/W3090377025', 'https://openalex.org/W3144901924', 'https://openalex.org/W4231580978', 'https://openalex.org/W4299018472', 'https://openalex.org/W582909754', 'https://openalex.org/W595431138', 'https://openalex.org/W63386868', 'https://openalex.org/W651228151', 'https://openalex.org/W86076975'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4256526337', 'https://openalex.org/W2944854833', 'https://openalex.org/W2393690731', 'https://openalex.org/W2354172195', 'https://openalex.org/W2087328106', 'https://openalex.org/W2081513617', 'https://openalex.org/W2073748088', 'https://openalex.org/W1993724411', 'https://openalex.org/W1529623464', 'https://openalex.org/W1501773788'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991011653', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-21T20:28:33.867460', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}