Transcription Elongation through DNA Arrest Sites

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Donald E. Awrey; Rodney G. Weilbaecher; Sally A. Hemming; Stephen Orlicky; Caroline M. Kane; A.M. Edwards
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4412, 4512, 4541, 4573, 4581, 4595, 4603, 4612, 4648, 4659, 4664, 4675, 4696, 4711, 4721, 4729, 4749], 'yeast': [3, 151, 490, 711, 1994, 2300, 2532, 2648, 2883, 3131, 4116, 4499], 'RNA': [4, 141, 152, 289, 319, 357, 505, 1167, 2235, 2758, 2796, 3052, 4103, 4172, 4473], 'polymerase': [5, 78, 142, 153, 226, 290, 320, 453, 1168, 1238, 1286, 1733, 3369, 3565, 3592, 3799, 4381, 4474, 4753], 'II': [6, 23, 39, 105, 143, 154, 171, 187, 253, 291, 425, 477, 492, 539, 637, 713, 1048, 1136, 1158, 1169, 1196, 2196, 2614, 2753, 3037, 3085, 3129, 3392, 3402, 3641, 3816, 3989, 4220, 4313, 4414, 4501, 4558, 4666, 4677, 4731], '(pol': [7, 26, 155, 174, 1051, 1172, 3800, 4300], 'II)': [8, 156], 'subunit': [9, 157, 565, 594, 3601], 'RPB9': [10, 25, 67, 133, 158, 173, 215, 281, 455, 607, 752, 844, 864, 989, 1026, 1031, 1050, 1171, 1267, 1342, 1363, 1541, 1595, 1671, 1714, 1784, 2712, 2870, 2938, 2986, 3000, 3007, 3021, 3320, 3372, 3430, 3474, 3500, 3558, 3629, 3829, 3843, 4268, 4322], 'in': [11, 159, 300, 438, 543, 754, 764, 837, 990, 1036, 1056, 1234, 1245, 1388, 1444, 1497, 1655, 1955, 2004, 2046, 2245, 2274, 2292, 2582, 2599, 2615, 2754, 2781, 2853, 2878, 2941, 2964, 2969, 3053, 3087, 3254, 3269, 3299, 3343, 3360, 3492, 3511, 3712, 3719, 3731, 3792, 3971, 3994, 4176, 4240, 4250, 4323, 4364, 4375, 4403, 4433, 4439, 4461, 4509, 4570, 4578, 4622, 4681, 4692, 4754], 'transcript': [12, 114, 118, 160, 262, 266, 906, 1037, 1078, 2236, 2587, 3718, 3925, 4150, 4405, 4435, 4582], 'elongation': [13, 33, 56, 73, 161, 181, 204, 221, 907, 1004, 1079, 1130, 1165, 2218, 2268, 2273, 2760, 2768, 3045, 3055, 3125, 3255, 3308, 3325, 3355, 3405, 3608, 3621, 4030, 4650], 'was': [14, 34, 162, 182, 1149, 1174, 1232, 1283, 1318, 1366, 1433, 1452, 1463, 1522, 1542, 1562, 1585, 1640, 1680, 1730, 1757, 1777, 1804, 1811, 1864, 1900, 1915, 1942, 1977, 2036, 2054, 2068, 2100, 2121, 2136, 2197, 2237, 2302, 2305, 2370, 2379, 2394, 2422, 2483, 2522, 2536, 2556, 2644, 2686, 2692, 2727, 2770, 2802, 2813, 2837, 2898, 2939, 2952, 2979, 2988, 3002, 3030, 3483, 3758, 3784, 3823, 3844, 3870, 4283, 4401, 4737], 'investigated': [15, 163], 'by': [16, 164, 567, 1371, 1385, 1418, 1435, 1874, 2038, 2193, 2243, 2267, 2319, 2324, 2342, 2361, 2396, 2424, 2650, 2688, 2839, 2862, 3371, 3412, 3636, 3662, 3760, 3772, 3875, 3912, 3984, 3987, 4049, 4098, 4152, 4328, 4445, 4556], 'examining': [17, 165], 'the': [18, 55, 72, 76, 82, 138, 145, 166, 203, 220, 224, 230, 286, 293, 350, 354, 422, 469, 472, 485, 591, 611, 771, 774, 904, 986, 1041, 1058, 1062, 1129, 1153, 1163, 1177, 1292, 1301, 1305, 1312, 1324, 1328, 1351, 1372, 1545, 1713, 1739, 1749, 1761, 1765, 1798, 1801, 1903, 1974, 1993, 2052, 2240, 2246, 2270, 2275, 2297, 2310, 2314, 2349, 2352, 2374, 2392, 2397, 2416, 2474, 2489, 2508, 2511, 2529, 2539, 2550, 2571, 2590, 2717, 2766, 2773, 2782, 2789, 2826, 2832, 2856, 2930, 2942, 2957, 2976, 2982, 2985, 3017, 3020, 3025, 3042, 3072, 3093, 3124, 3264, 3287, 3290, 3307, 3323, 3350, 3365, 3442, 3448, 3465, 3476, 3489, 3493, 3512, 3515, 3520, 3523, 3540, 3544, 3554, 3564, 3568, 3571, 3607, 3625, 3648, 3671, 3713, 3716, 3732, 3746, 3761, 3773, 3793, 3808, 3828, 3851, 3897, 3906, 4018, 4055, 4086, 4170, 4177, 4197, 4218, 4228, 4241, 4248, 4251, 4257, 4260, 4271, 4329, 4341, 4356, 4368, 4376, 4380, 4408, 4465, 4510, 4527, 4539, 4571, 4574, 4579, 4593, 4596, 4604, 4613, 4626, 4638, 4646, 4660, 4673, 4682, 4708, 4727, 4747], 'biochemical': [19, 167], 'properties': [20, 74, 168, 222, 1131, 3126, 3326], 'pol': [22, 38, 41, 45, 69, 86, 100, 104, 107, 170, 186, 189, 193, 217, 234, 248, 252, 255, 338, 424, 476, 491, 538, 544, 547, 592, 612, 636, 712, 1047, 1135, 1138, 1157, 1195, 1198, 2195, 2613, 2690, 2724, 2732, 2742, 2752, 3036, 3039, 3048, 3059, 3075, 3084, 3128, 3228, 3237, 3241, 3250, 3293, 3328, 3340, 3374, 3388, 3391, 3401, 3410, 3432, 3457, 3471, 3481, 3588, 3640, 3643, 3682, 3749, 3787, 3815, 3831, 3852, 3876, 3880, 3965, 3978, 3988, 3991, 4153, 4160, 4163, 4165, 4187, 4198, 4219, 4222, 4286, 4312, 4352, 4399, 4413, 4416, 4423, 4446, 4500, 4557, 4560, 4665, 4676, 4679, 4688, 4712, 4722, 4730, 4733], 'lacking': [24, 172, 1049, 1170, 1579, 2885], 'IIΔ9).': [27, 175], 'maximal': [29, 97, 177, 245, 2767, 3044], 'rate': [30, 178, 2769, 2783, 3046, 4580], 'chain': [32, 180, 1287, 1734, 2759, 3054, 3498, 4173], 'nearly': [35, 183, 3668], 'identical': [36, 184, 3838, 4306], 'for': [37, 185, 721, 767, 985, 1003, 1077, 1441, 1564, 1597, 1782, 2043, 2263, 2281, 2309, 2528, 2603, 2652, 3010, 3249, 3295, 3496, 3707, 4114, 4321, 4702, 4724, 4735], 'and': [40, 106, 120, 132, 188, 254, 268, 280, 431, 481, 497, 546, 570, 654, 716, 758, 839, 927, 998, 1064, 1137, 1147, 1159, 1197, 1263, 1307, 1323, 1343, 1405, 1415, 1449, 1476, 1495, 1512, 1535, 1554, 1574, 1581, 1626, 1667, 1670, 1694, 1698, 1711, 1751, 1792, 1822, 1857, 1892, 1931, 1934, 1944, 1973, 2019, 2030, 2051, 2089, 2130, 2145, 2158, 2162, 2261, 2313, 2322, 2377, 2391, 2406, 2446, 2455, 2466, 2515, 2524, 2546, 2565, 2576, 2586, 2625, 2629, 2636, 2678, 2700, 2784, 2788, 2804, 2890, 2966, 3024, 3038, 3132, 3305, 3373, 3419, 3566, 3630, 3642, 3735, 3893, 3990, 4037, 4084, 4117, 4146, 4209, 4230, 4275, 4359, 4390, 4415, 4457, 4547, 4550, 4559, 4656, 4678, 4732], 'IIΔ9.': [42, 190, 3329], 'By': [43, 191, 3679], 'contrast,': [44, 192, 3680], 'IIΔ9': [46, 70, 87, 108, 194, 218, 235, 256, 1139, 1199, 2691, 2725, 2743, 3040, 3049, 3060, 3076, 3229, 3242, 3294, 3341, 3375, 3389, 3411, 3433, 3458, 3472, 3482, 3589, 3683, 3750, 3788, 3801, 3832, 3853, 3881, 3966, 3979, 3992, 4154, 4166, 4223, 4287, 4301, 4353, 4400, 4417, 4424, 4561, 4680, 4689, 4713, 4723, 4734], 'elongated': [47, 195, 4635], 'more': [48, 196, 306, 432, 3051, 3270, 3301, 3462, 3486, 3591, 4193], 'efficiently': [49, 197, 3302], 'through': [50, 198, 1465, 1613, 1813, 2067, 3231, 3614], 'DNA': [51, 199, 2763], 'sequences': [52, 200, 2509], 'that': [53, 95, 117, 129, 201, 243, 265, 277, 708, 873, 902, 1030, 1229, 1800, 2730, 2987, 3001, 3035, 3058, 3227, 3289, 3306, 3398, 3456, 3539, 3605, 3745, 4039, 4158, 4247, 4362, 4422, 4687, 4707, 4745], 'signal': [54, 202], 'complex': [57, 205, 304, 2643, 4295], 'to': [58, 68, 79, 91, 136, 206, 216, 227, 239, 284, 343, 349, 501, 562, 590, 610, 788, 930, 1027, 1151, 1290, 1336, 1454, 1646, 1737, 2217, 2269, 2272, 2307, 2373, 2459, 2549, 2569, 2729, 2822, 2843, 2922, 2928, 2932, 2947, 3081, 3122, 3339, 3354, 3386, 3409, 3431, 3580, 3587, 3593, 3689, 3743, 3751, 3753, 3767, 3786, 3805, 3826, 3833, 3859, 3872, 3904, 3968, 3973, 3996, 4027, 4052, 4066, 4174, 4217, 4256, 4285, 4293, 4308, 4350, 4361, 4387, 4428, 4464, 4530, 4592, 4625, 4653, 4714], 'pause': [59, 207], 'or': [60, 208, 3337, 3390, 3475, 3526, 3862, 4238, 4259, 4291], 'arrest.': [61, 209], 'addition': [63, 211, 840, 1373, 2398, 3331, 3377, 3427, 3584, 3774, 4019, 4056, 4330, 4342], 'purified': [65, 213, 843, 1134, 1145, 1175, 1201, 1678, 1913, 1978, 2194, 2357, 2375, 2525, 2708, 2805, 2950, 2983, 3319, 3429, 3776, 4267], 'recombinant': [66, 214, 454, 842, 1783, 2935], 'restored': [71, 219, 3408], 'mutant': [77, 225], 'those': [80, 228], 'wild-type': [83, 231, 789, 847, 3324, 3368, 3477, 3490, 3649, 3769, 4029, 4272, 4369], 'enzyme.': [84, 232, 3284], 'Arrested': [85, 233], 'complexes': [88, 109, 236, 257, 2285, 2355, 3674, 3685, 3790, 3855, 3883, 3899, 3993, 4031, 4046, 4167, 4224, 4288, 4354, 4365, 4502], 'were': [89, 237, 1140, 1200, 1240, 1354, 1380, 1426, 1790, 1984, 1997, 2170, 2290, 2317, 2340, 2356, 2389, 2404, 2450, 2457, 2579, 2597, 2778, 3310, 3407, 3686, 3840, 3856, 3884, 4040, 4254, 4418], 'refractory': [90, 238, 3858], 'levels': [92, 240, 761, 3346, 3406, 3714, 3755, 3896, 4386], 'TFIIS': [94, 112, 131, 242, 260, 279, 909, 1002, 1028, 1148, 1941, 1995, 2135, 2301, 2369, 2519, 2575, 2578, 2649, 3637, 3656, 3693, 3757, 3770, 3783, 3806, 3860, 3869, 4026, 4309, 4337, 4349, 4385, 4715, 4736, 4751], 'promoted': [96, 244], 'read-through': [98, 121, 246, 269, 2298, 2585, 3268, 3348, 3396, 3437, 3634, 3659, 3739, 3812, 3874, 3905, 3921, 4324], 'with': [99, 111, 247, 259, 318, 646, 781, 901, 1295, 1491, 1524, 1547, 1587, 1605, 1642, 1742, 1797, 1836, 1866, 1905, 2082, 2091, 2117, 2123, 2138, 2433, 2609, 2855, 2956, 3233, 3247, 3276, 3400, 3547, 3604, 3638, 3807, 3830, 3846, 3886, 4043, 4311, 4367, 4470, 4752], 'II.': [101, 249, 332, 3251, 4161], 'However,': [102, 250, 766, 2765, 2974], 'both': [103, 130, 251, 278, 1748, 3639, 4115], 'stimulated': [110, 258, 3903], 'undergo': [113, 261], 'cleavage,': [115, 263, 2415], 'confirming': [116, 264], 'cleavage': [119, 267, 2350, 2418, 2513, 3926, 3982, 3986, 4151, 4190, 4201, 4232, 4252, 4273, 4357, 4389, 4410, 4444, 4467, 4517, 4533, 4537, 4555, 4575, 4583, 4588, 4598, 4605, 4662, 4684], 'activities': [122, 270, 4411], 'can': [123, 271, 834, 4441, 4518, 4620], 'be': [124, 272, 835, 2823, 2844, 3581, 3901, 3969, 4067, 4326, 4396, 4654, 4668, 4706], 'uncoupled.': [125, 273], 'Our': [126, 274], 'observations': [127, 275, 4704], 'suggest': [128, 276], 'are': [134, 282, 315, 341, 347, 435, 499, 643, 718, 3257, 3517, 3675, 4634], 'required': [135, 283, 984, 1000], 'stimulate': [137, 285, 4442], 'release': [139, 287], 'from': [144, 292, 640, 865, 1176, 1544, 1902, 2199, 2358, 2646, 2806, 2882, 2981, 3130, 3364, 3447, 3464, 3504, 4157, 4717], 'arrested': [146, 294, 3645, 3673, 3681, 3854, 3882, 3898, 4028, 4351], 'state.': [147, 295], 'mRNA': [297], 'transcription': [298, 763, 777, 831, 1164, 2192, 2304, 2874, 3361, 3446, 3503, 3613], 'machinery': [299], 'eukaryotes': [301], 'is': [302, 427, 560, 588, 608, 779, 868, 928, 983, 999, 1069, 3022, 4690], 'a': [303, 564, 869, 932, 1034, 1065, 1070, 1308, 1338, 1445, 1455, 1466, 1614, 1629, 1643, 1706, 1743, 1814, 1826, 1947, 2000, 2047, 2057, 2104, 2200, 2206, 2327, 2426, 2600, 2604, 2630, 2662, 2695, 2707, 2746, 2915, 2923, 2945, 2997, 3272, 3300, 3312, 3413, 3420, 3651, 3695, 3726, 3737, 3864, 3887, 3923, 4021, 4091, 4099, 4106, 4180, 4332, 4344, 4718], 'than': [307, 433, 2751, 3236, 3271, 3380, 3468, 3488, 4195], '30': [308, 1369, 1442, 2044, 2365, 2382, 2429, 2453, 3663, 4089, 4236, 4542], 'different': [309, 2294, 3280], 'polypeptides': [310, 314], 'which': [312, 340, 2212, 3611, 3666], '12': [313], 'tightly': [316], 'associated': [317, 4042], '(pol)': [321], '1The': [322], 'abbreviations': [323], 'used': [324, 3006, 3120, 4529], 'are:polpolymeraserRPBrecombinant': [325], 'RPB9DTTdithiothreitolPMSFphenylmethylsulfonyl': [326], 'fluorideGSTglutathione': [327], 'S-transferaseCAPS3-(cyclohexylamino)propanesulfonic': [328], 'acidHMKheart': [329], 'myosin': [330, 464, 2476], 'kinase.': [331, 465], 'largest': [334, 351], 'two': [335, 710, 875, 2293, 2362, 2774, 2829, 3279, 3541], 'subunits': [336, 352, 426, 474, 488, 540, 639, 648, 2719], 'II,': [339, 2733, 4164, 4447], 'thought': [342], 'harbor': [344], 'catalytic': [345, 1059, 1067], 'activity,': [346], 'related': [348, 561, 609], 'other': [355, 3620, 4694], 'nuclear': [356, 504, 2879], 'polymerases': [358, 506], '(1Langer': [359], 'D.': [360, 1091, 1111, 1119, 2220, 2222, 3100, 3102, 3151, 3164, 3182, 3929, 3945, 4136, 4452], 'Hain': [361], 'J.': [362, 395, 580, 621, 691, 695, 741, 885, 1092, 1188, 1276, 1723, 1966, 2184, 2227, 2500, 3107, 3143, 3156, 3171, 3172, 3185, 3209, 3930, 3943, 3946, 3957, 4011, 4128, 4137, 4478, 4759], 'Thuriaux': [363, 382, 696], 'P.': [364, 383, 659, 697, 3166], 'Zillig': [365], 'W.': [366, 1089, 2888, 3938, 3940], 'Proc.': [367, 916, 955, 1217, 4485], 'Natl.': [368, 917, 956, 1218, 4486], 'Acad.': [369, 918, 957, 1219, 4487], 'Sci.': [370, 919, 958, 1220, 4488], 'U.': [371, 920, 959, 1221, 4489], 'S.': [372, 401, 403, 641, 866, 921, 960, 1178, 1222, 3208, 4484, 4490], 'A.': [373, 379, 393, 529, 579, 922, 961, 1015, 1102, 1223, 2892, 4455, 4480, 4482, 4491], '1995;': [374, 669, 684, 701, 800, 860, 1084, 1095, 1124, 3212, 3221, 4492], '92:': [375, 4493], '5768-5772Google': [376], 'Scholar,': [377, 521, 672, 687, 734, 803, 816, 948, 965, 1087, 1098, 1109, 3149, 3162, 3178, 3191, 3200, 3215, 3936, 3952, 4134], '2Sentenac': [378], 'Riva': [380, 526, 574], 'M.': [381, 391, 527, 573, 575, 625, 693, 975, 1104, 3204, 4476], 'Buhler': [384], 'J.-M.': [385], 'Treich': [386], 'I.': [387, 523], 'Carles': [388, 524, 576, 622], 'C.': [389, 397, 525, 577, 623, 969, 1011, 1115, 4459], 'Werner': [390], 'Ruet': [392], 'Huet': [394], 'Mann': [396], 'Chiannilkulchai': [398], 'N.': [399, 551, 661, 2891], 'Stettler': [400], 'Mariotte': [402], 'Conaway': [404, 406], 'R.C.': [405], 'J.W.': [407], 'Transcriptional': [408], 'Regulation.': [409], 'Cold': [410, 414], 'Spring': [411, 415], 'Harbor': [412], 'Laboratory,': [413], 'Harbor,': [416], 'NY1992:': [417], '27-54Google': [418], 'Scholar).': [419, 452, 535, 586, 606, 632, 704, 747, 829, 863, 891, 980, 1022, 1127, 1194, 2190, 2233, 3113, 3224, 3963, 4143, 4495], 'Each': [420], 'remaining': [423, 537, 2718], 'conserved': [428, 437], 'throughout': [429], 'theEukarya': [430], 'half': [434], 'also': [436, 2779, 2967, 3440, 3703, 4168], 'theArchae': [439], '(3Built': [440], 'C.J.': [441], 'White': [442], 'O.': [443], 'Olsen': [444], 'G.J.': [445], 'Venter': [446], 'J.C.': [447], 'Science.': [448, 1105], '1996;': [449], '273:': [450], '1058-1073Google': [451], 'dithiothreitol': [456], 'phenylmethylsulfonyl': [457], 'fluoride': [458], 'glutathione': [459, 1862], 'S-transferase': [460], '3-(cyclohexylamino)propanesulfonic': [461], 'acid': [462, 871], 'heart': [463, 2475], 'In': [466, 748, 1039, 2925, 3013, 4215, 4552, 4671], 'Saccharomyces': [467], 'cerevisiae,': [468], 'genes': [470, 769], 'encoding': [471, 2473, 2510], 'twelve': [473], 'have': [478, 541, 3041, 3537, 4429], 'been': [479, 3119, 4000, 4111, 4609], 'cloned': [480, 1320, 1759, 1943], 'sequenced.': [482], 'Five': [483], 'ten': [486], 'small': [487, 638], '(RPB5,': [493], 'RPB6,': [494], 'RPB8,': [495, 651], 'RPB10,': [496, 653], 'RPB12)': [498, 655], 'common': [500], 'all': [502, 1235, 2715], 'three': [503], '(4Woychik': [507], 'N.A.': [508, 599, 680, 725, 796, 856], 'Liao': [509], 'S.-M.': [510], 'Kolodziej': [511], 'P.A.': [512, 676], 'Young': [513, 552, 726, 739, 883, 1186, 1274, 1721], 'R.A.': [514, 553, 727, 736, 740, 880, 884, 1183, 1187, 1271, 1275, 1718, 1722], 'Genes': [515, 797, 857], '&': [516, 798, 858], 'Dev.': [517, 799, 859], '1990;': [518, 1224, 3188, 3197], '4:': [519], '313-323Google': [520], '5Treich': [522], 'Sentenac': [528, 578], 'Gene': [530, 554], 'Exp.': [531, 555], '1992;': [532, 3175, 3933, 4140], '2:': [533], '31-37Google': [534], 'Several': [536], 'homologues': [542], 'I': [545, 569, 613], 'III.': [548], 'RPB11': [549], '(6Woychik': [550], '1993;': [556, 629, 977, 3949, 3960], '3:': [557], '77-82Google': [558], 'Scholar)': [559, 926, 1282, 1729], 'AC19,': [563], 'shared': [566], 'pols': [568], 'III': [571, 593], '(7Dequard-Chablat': [572], 'Biol.': [581, 602, 628, 668, 683, 700, 730, 742, 812, 886, 1093, 1189, 1277, 1724, 1967, 2185, 2229, 2501, 3109, 3144, 3157, 3173, 3186, 3210, 3931, 3947, 3958, 4012, 4129, 4138], 'Chem.': [582, 743, 887, 1094, 1190, 1278, 1725, 1968, 2186, 2502, 3145, 3158, 3174, 3187, 3211, 3932, 3948, 3959, 4013, 4130, 4139], '1991;': [583, 744, 813, 888, 1019, 1191, 1279, 1726], '266:': [584, 745, 889, 1192, 1280, 1727], '15300-15307Google': [585], 'RPB7': [587], 'similar': [589, 2728, 2780, 4463], 'C25': [595], '(8Sadhale': [596], 'P.P.': [597], 'Woychik': [598, 660, 679, 795, 855], 'Mol.': [600, 626, 666, 681, 698, 728, 810, 2228, 3108], 'Cell.': [601, 627, 667, 682, 699, 729, 811, 1123], '1994;': [603, 826, 923, 945, 962, 1106, 1969, 2187, 2503, 3146, 4014, 4131], '14:': [604], '6164-6170Google': [605], 'subunit,': [614], 'A12.2': [615], '(9Nogi': [616], 'Y.': [617], 'Yano': [618], 'R.': [619, 663, 807, 822, 941, 1122, 4449], 'Dodd': [620], 'Nomura': [624], '13:': [630], '114-122Google': [631], 'At': [633, 2384, 4496], 'least': [634, 3278], 'six': [635], 'cerevisiae': [642, 867, 1179], 'functionally': [644], 'interchangeable': [645], 'human': [647, 2207, 3094], '(RPB6,': [649], 'RPB7,': [650], 'RPB9,': [652, 717, 1712, 3315, 3764, 4263, 4379], '(10Khazak': [656], 'V.': [657], 'Sadhale': [658], 'Brent': [662], 'Golemis': [664], 'E.': [665, 818, 937, 1100, 4471], '6:': [670], '759-775Google': [671], '11McKune': [673], 'K.': [674, 794, 854, 973, 1007, 1009, 1013], 'Moore': [675], 'Hull': [677, 2889], 'M.W.': [678, 792, 852], '15:': [685, 702], '6895-6900Google': [686], '12Shpakovski': [688], 'G.': [689, 1117, 3217], 'Acker': [690], 'Wintzerith': [692], 'Lacroix': [694], '4702-4710Google': [703], 'Genetic': [705], 'analysis': [706, 2412, 3914], 'indicates': [707], 'only': [709, 3435, 3484], 'subunits,': [714], 'RPB4': [715], 'not': [719, 2799, 2995, 3394, 3434, 3551, 3736, 3824, 4226, 4426, 4608], 'essential': [720], 'cell': [722, 2003], 'viability': [723], '(13Woychik': [724], '1989;': [731, 3159], '9:': [732, 801, 861], '2854-2859Google': [733], '14Woychik': [735], 'Lane': [737, 881, 1184, 1272, 1719], 'W.S.': [738, 882, 1185, 1273, 1720], '19053-19055Google': [746, 890, 1193, 1281, 1728], 'yeast,': [749], 'deletion': [750], 'results': [753, 3298, 3363, 3839, 4394], 'mild': [755], 'temperature': [756, 2790], 'sensitivity': [757], 'relatively': [759], 'normal': [760, 3494], 'vivo.': [765], 'most': [768], 'examined,': [770], 'selectivity': [772], 'site': [775, 849, 992, 1044, 1299, 1310, 1746, 1763, 2487, 2514, 2542, 2876, 4640], 'initiation': [778, 832], 'altered,': [780], 'new': [782], 'start': [783, 848, 991, 1043, 2875], 'sites': [784, 790, 1326, 2289, 3091], 'shifted': [785], 'upstream': [786], 'relative': [787], '(15Hull': [791, 851], 'McKune': [793, 853], '481-490Google': [802, 862], '16Furter-Graves': [804], 'E.M.': [805], 'Furter': [806, 821, 940], 'Hall': [808, 819, 938], 'B.D.': [809], '11:': [814], '4121-4127Google': [815], '17Furter-Graves': [817], 'B.': [820, 939], 'Nucleic': [823, 942], 'Acids': [824, 943], 'Res.': [825, 944], '22:': [827, 946], '4932-4936Google': [828, 947], 'phenotype': [833], 'recapitulated': [836], 'vitro,': [838], '(rRPB9)': [845], 'restores': [846, 2872], 'selection': [850, 993, 1045], '122-amino': [870], 'polypeptide': [872], 'contains': [874, 2213], 'zinc': [876, 894, 933, 2833, 2860], 'binding': [877, 895, 2591, 2861, 3562], 'domains': [878], '(14Woychik': [879, 1182, 1270, 1717], 'COOH-terminal': [893], 'domain': [896, 982], 'shares': [897], '25%': [898], 'sequence': [899, 1306, 2481], 'identity': [900], 'general': [905], 'factor': [908, 3609], '(18Kaine': [910], 'B.P.': [911, 950], 'Mehr': [912, 951], 'I.J.': [913, 952], 'Woese': [914, 953], 'C.R.': [915, 954], '91:': [924, 963], '3854-3856Google': [925, 964], 'predicted': [929, 2857], 'adopt': [931], 'ribbon': [934], 'fold': [935], '(17Furter-Graves': [936], '18Kaine': [949], '19Qian': [966], 'X.': [967], 'Jeon': [968, 1010], 'Yoon': [970, 1016], 'H.': [971, 1017, 3954], 'Agarwal': [972], 'Weiss': [974], 'Nature.': [976], '365:': [978], '277-279Google': [979], 'This': [981, 2534, 2704], 'function': [987], '2M.': [994], 'Hampsey,': [995], 'personal': [996, 2866, 2894], 'communication.': [997, 2867, 2895], 'within': [1001, 3092, 4076], 'stimulation': [1005, 3635], '(20Agarwal': [1006], 'Baek': [1008], 'Miyamoto': [1012], 'Ueno': [1014], 'Biochemistry.': [1018, 3196, 3220], '30:': [1020], '7842-7851Google': [1021], 'homology': [1024], 'suggested': [1029, 1053, 3057], 'may': [1032], 'play': [1033], 'elongation.': [1038, 3065, 3082, 3499], 'addition,': [1040], 'altered': [1042], 'IIΔ9)': [1052, 1173], 'some': [1054, 3296, 4524, 4693], 'alteration': [1055], 'positioning': [1057], 'center': [1060, 1068], 'polymerase,': [1063], 'mobile': [1066], 'prominent': [1071], 'feature': [1072], 'several': [1074, 3090, 3619], 'recent': [1075], 'models': [1076], '(21Chamberlin': [1080], 'M.J.': [1081, 2224, 3104, 3153], 'Harvey': [1082], 'Lect.': [1083], '88:': [1085], '1-21Google': [1086], '22Gu': [1088], 'Reines': [1090, 3181, 3944], '270:': [1096, 3213], '30441-30447Google': [1097], '23Nudler': [1099], 'Goldfarb': [1101, 4481], 'Kashlev': [1103], '265:': [1107, 3189], '793-799Google': [1108], '24Wang': [1110], 'Meier': [1112], 'T.': [1113, 3202, 3206], 'Chan': [1114], 'Feng': [1116], 'Lee': [1118], 'Landick': [1120], '+': [1121, 3473, 3802, 4302], '81:': [1125], '341-350Google': [1126], 'Thus': [1128, 4407], 'highly': [1133], 'compared.': [1141, 4419], 'availability': [1143], 'rRPB9': [1146, 2801, 2812, 2821, 2836, 2897, 2910, 3336, 3385, 3586, 4282], 'exploited': [1150], 'characterize': [1152], 'functional': [1154, 2824, 3626], 'interactions': [1155, 3627], 'among': [1156], 'these': [1160, 2288, 3261, 3505, 3754, 3895], 'factors': [1161], 'during': [1162, 3064, 3519, 3694], 'process.': [1166], 'strain': [1180], 'WY9': [1181], 'as': [1202, 1779, 1794, 1946, 1979, 2173, 2408, 2468, 2526, 3616, 3618, 3813, 3910, 4047], 'described': [1203, 1780, 1795, 1980, 2174, 2409, 2420, 2469, 2527], 'previously': [1204, 1489, 1834, 2175, 4002, 4113], '(25Edwards': [1205], 'A.M.': [1206, 1963, 2181, 2497, 3140, 4008, 4125], 'Darst': [1207], 'S.A.': [1208], 'Feaver': [1209], 'W.J.': [1210], 'Thompson': [1211], 'N.E.': [1212], 'Burgess': [1213], 'R.R.': [1214], 'Kornberg': [1215], 'R.D.': [1216], '87:': [1225], '2122-2126Google': [1226], 'Scholar),': [1227, 1972, 2506, 4017], 'except': [1228], '10': [1230, 1246, 1264, 1399, 1505, 1575, 1609, 1620, 1659, 1662, 1691, 1695, 1852, 1867, 1886, 1909, 1928, 1932, 2013, 2027, 2110, 2159, 2562, 2675], 'μmZnCl2': [1231], 'included': [1233], 'buffers.': [1236], 'preparations': [1239, 3281], 'stored': [1241, 1699, 1935, 2163], 'at': [1242, 1300, 1311, 1359, 1368, 1420, 1428, 1437, 1600, 1673, 1701, 1747, 1806, 1937, 1986, 2040, 2165, 2239, 2287, 2381, 2452, 2538, 2655, 2658, 2911, 3077, 3089, 3277, 3349, 3507, 3595, 3665, 3894, 4504, 4520, 4617], '−80': [1243], '°C': [1244, 1370, 2660], 'mm': [1247, 1252, 1258, 1376, 1390, 1397, 1403, 1407, 1493, 1501, 1514, 1533, 1537, 1552, 1556, 1572, 1576, 1610, 1645, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1665, 1675, 1684, 1689, 1696, 1840, 1844, 1850, 1853, 1859, 1882, 1887, 1890, 1894, 1910, 1919, 1924, 2017, 2021, 2025, 2028, 2032, 2087, 2096, 2128, 2132, 2143, 2147, 2156, 2160, 2258, 2435, 2441, 2444, 2563, 2567, 2619, 2627, 2638, 2670, 2673], 'Tris-HCl,': [1248], 'pH': [1249, 1392, 1503, 1539, 1558, 1653, 1686, 1884, 1921, 2009, 2438, 2621, 4440, 4522, 4618], '7.9,': [1250], '40': [1251, 2635], 'ammonium': [1253], 'sulfate,': [1254], '10%': [1255, 1394, 1508, 1926, 2011, 2447, 2623], 'glycerol,': [1256, 1509, 1927, 2012, 2624], '2.5': [1257, 1484, 2062], 'DTT,': [1259, 1611, 1661, 1854, 1888, 2029, 2161], '100': [1260, 1396, 1571, 1688, 1807, 1923, 2024, 2086, 2440, 2656], 'μm': [1261, 1400, 1506, 1692, 1929, 2014, 2676], 'EDTA,': [1262], 'μmZnCl2.': [1265], 'coding': [1268, 1293, 1715, 1740], 'region': [1269, 1294, 1716, 1741], 'subcloned': [1284, 1731], 'using': [1285, 1732, 1785, 1999, 2543, 2694, 4739], 'reaction': [1288, 1735, 2393, 3513, 4253, 4468, 4685], 'amplification': [1289, 1736], 'generate': [1291, 1337, 1705, 1738, 4227], 'an': [1296, 1344, 1951, 2071, 2460, 2926, 3508, 4305, 4740], 'NdeI': [1297], 'restriction': [1298, 1745], '5′': [1302, 1750, 2241], 'end': [1303, 2242], 'BamHI': [1309, 1325, 1744, 1762], '3′': [1313, 1752, 2201], 'end.': [1314], 'amplified': [1316, 1755], 'insert': [1317, 1756], 'then': [1319, 1416, 1450, 1758, 2371, 4097], 'between': [1321, 1341, 2507, 2634, 2772, 3628], 'theNdeI': [1322, 2486], 'pET15b': [1329], 'bacterial': [1330, 1767, 1956, 2817], 'expression': [1331, 1365, 1768], 'vector': [1332, 1769], '(Novagen,': [1333], 'Madison,': [1334, 1487], 'WI)': [1335], 'fusion': [1339, 1707, 1775, 1898, 1948, 2520, 2946, 3008], 'protein': [1340, 1364, 1633, 1679, 1708, 1776, 1899, 1914, 1949, 1976, 1996, 2521, 2535, 2555], 'NH2-terminal': [1345], 'hexahistidine': [1346, 1953], 'tag.': [1347], 'BL21(DE3)': [1348], 'cells': [1349, 1379, 1789, 1957, 1990, 2884, 3134], 'containing': [1350, 1516, 1531, 1550, 1570, 1608, 1908, 1950, 2023, 2085, 2094, 2126, 2141, 2154, 2205, 2561, 2617, 2668, 2714], 'pET15bRPB9': [1352], 'plasmid': [1353, 2490], 'grown': [1355], 'toA600': [1356], '0.8': [1358, 2257, 2735], '37': [1360], '°C.': [1361, 1422, 1430, 1703, 1939, 1988, 2167, 2383], 'induced': [1367], '0.5': [1375], 'isopropyl-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside.': [1377], 'harvested': [1381, 1791], '3': [1382, 1831, 2912, 3699, 3705, 3721, 3818, 3916], 'h': [1383, 1566, 1599, 2654], 'postinduction': [1384], 'centrifugation,': [1386], 'resuspended': [1387], '50': [1389, 1536, 1656, 1674, 2155, 2566, 2618, 2637, 2669, 2672], 'Hepes,': [1391, 1502, 1685, 1920], '7.5,': [1393, 1504, 1687, 1922, 2010, 2622], 'sucrose,': [1395], 'NaCl,': [1398, 1658, 1690, 1925, 2026, 2088], 'ZnCl2,': [1401, 1507, 1693, 1930, 2015], '1': [1402, 1406, 1510, 1513, 1664, 1668, 1855, 1858, 1889, 1893, 2016, 2020, 2031, 4077, 4549], 'PMSF,': [1404, 1666, 1891, 2018], 'benzamidine': [1408], '(2': [1409], 'ml/g': [1410], 'cells),': [1412], 'frozen,': [1413], 'thawed,': [1414], 'lysed': [1417, 1793, 1998], 'sonication': [1419], '4': [1421, 1429, 1598, 1987, 2659, 4060, 4080, 4205, 4211, 4315, 4372], 'All': [1423, 1982], 'subsequent': [1424, 4231, 4292], 'steps': [1425], 'performed': [1427, 1985], 'lysate': [1432, 2035], 'clarified': [1434, 2037], 'centrifugation': [1436, 2039], '55,000': [1438, 2041], '×': [1439, 1470, 1483, 1619, 1818, 1830, 2061, 2077, 2109], 'g': [1440, 2737], 'min': [1443, 2045, 2608, 4078, 4090, 4237, 4543], 'Beckman': [1446, 2048], 'SW28': [1447, 2049], 'rotor,': [1448, 2050], 'NaCl': [1451, 1534, 1553, 1573, 1802, 1851, 2129, 2144, 2157, 2568], 'added': [1453, 2372, 3785, 3845, 4284], 'final': [1456, 2631], 'concentration': [1457, 1803, 2633], '500': [1459, 1532, 1551, 2095, 2127, 2142, 2146], 'mm.': [1460, 1808], 'supernatant': [1462, 1810, 2053], 'passed': [1464, 1612, 1812], 'DE52': [1467, 1815, 2058], 'column': [1468, 1521, 1526, 1546, 1617, 1636, 1639, 1816, 1828, 1863, 1868, 1876, 1904, 2059, 2075, 2107, 2120, 2431], '(2.5': [1469, 1482, 1817, 1829, 2060], '5': [1471, 1517, 1525, 1644, 1683, 1875, 1918, 2131, 2443, 2626, 2814], 'cm;': [1472, 1485, 1621, 1820, 1832, 2063, 2079, 2111], 'Whatman,': [1473], 'Maidstone,': [1474], 'UK)': [1475], 'loaded': [1477, 1627, 1823, 2055, 2069, 2101], 'directly': [1478, 1824, 2102], 'onto': [1479, 1628, 1825, 2056, 2070, 2103], 'His-bind': [1480, 1520], 'resin': [1481], 'Novagen,': [1486], 'WI),': [1488], 'charged': [1490], '200': [1492], 'NiSO4': [1494], 'equilibrated': [1496, 1835, 2116, 2432], 'purification': [1498, 1529, 1548, 1568, 1606, 2530, 3291], 'buffer': [1499, 1530, 1549, 1569, 1607, 1880, 1907, 2465, 2616], '(50': [1500, 1881], 'mmPMSF,': [1511, 1856], 'benzamidine)': [1515, 2022], 'mmimidazole.': [1518], 'washed': [1523, 1865, 2081, 2122], 'volumes': [1527, 1869, 1877], 'imidazole,': [1538, 1557, 2148], '7.5.': [1540, 1559], 'eluted': [1543, 1672, 1901, 2090, 2137], '300': [1555], 'eluate': [1561, 2099], 'dialyzed': [1563, 1681, 1916, 2150, 2557], '8': [1565, 2078], 'against': [1567, 1682, 1917, 2151, 2558], 'DTT': [1577, 1697, 2564, 2628], 'but': [1578, 2713, 3259, 3439], 'PMSF': [1580], 'benzamidine.': [1582], 'dialysate': [1584], 'treated': [1586, 2291], 'bovine': [1588], 'thrombin': [1589, 2512], '(3': [1590], 'μg': [1591], 'thrombin/mg': [1593], 'fusion)': [1596], 'room': [1601], 'temperature,': [1602], 'diluted': [1603], '2-fold': [1604], 'Poros': [1615, 2105], 'S': [1616], '(0.75': [1618, 2108], 'PerSeptive': [1622, 2112], 'Biosystems,': [1623, 2113], 'Cambridge,': [1624, 2114], 'MA),': [1625], '2-ml': [1630], 'hydroxyapatite': [1631], 'fast': [1632], 'liquid': [1634], 'chromatography': [1635], '(Bio-Rad).': [1637, 2368], 'developed': [1641], '150': [1647], 'gradient': [1649], 'sodium': [1651, 1841], 'phosphate,': [1652, 1842, 1846], '7.5': [1654], 'μmZnCl2,': [1663], 'mmbenzamidine,': [1669], 'phosphate.': [1676], 'frozen': [1700, 1936, 2164], '−70': [1702, 1938, 2166], 'To': [1704, 3066, 3285, 3623, 4245], 'GST': [1710, 2977], 'ends.': [1753], 'into': [1760, 2485], 'pGEX-2T': [1766], '(Pharmacia': [1770], 'Biotech': [1771], 'Inc.).': [1772], 'GST-RPB9': [1774, 1897, 2951, 3338, 3418], 'expressed': [1778, 1945, 1975, 2523, 2803], 'above': [1781, 2421], 'HB101': [1786], 'cells.': [1787], 'previously,': [1796], 'exception': [1799], 'maintained': [1805], '2': [1819, 3452], 'Whatman)': [1821], 'glutathione-Sepharose-4B': [1827], 'Pharmacia)': [1833], 'Buffer': [1837, 1871, 2005, 2083, 2092, 2124, 2139, 2152, 2559], 'A': [1838, 1872, 2006, 2084, 2093, 2125, 2140, 2153, 2560, 3778, 4277, 4546, 4699, 4760], '(10': [1839], '1.8': [1843], 'potassium': [1845], '2.7': [1847], 'mmKCl,': [1848], '140': [1849], 'benzamidine).': [1860, 1895], 'followed': [1873, 2266, 4096], 'Tris': [1879, 1906, 2335], 'Tris,': [1883, 2620, 2671], '8.0,': [1885], 'glutathione.': [1911], 'mmDTT': [1933], 'Yeast': [1940, 2134], 'amino-terminal': [1952], 'tag': [1954], '(26Christie': [1958, 2176, 2492, 3135, 4003, 4120], 'K.R.': [1959, 2177, 2493, 3136, 4004, 4121], 'Awrey': [1960, 2178, 2494, 3137, 4005, 4122], 'D.E.': [1961, 2179, 2495, 3138, 4006, 4123], 'Edwards': [1962, 2180, 2496, 3139, 4007, 4124], 'Kane': [1964, 2182, 2225, 2498, 3105, 3141, 3154, 3183, 3194, 3218, 4009, 4126], 'C.M.': [1965, 2183, 2226, 2499, 3106, 3142, 3155, 3184, 3195, 3219, 4010, 4127], '269:': [1970, 2188, 2504, 3147, 4015, 4132], '936-943Google': [1971, 2189, 2505, 3148, 4016, 4133], 'below.': [1981], 'procedures': [1983, 2169], 'Bacterial': [1989], '(2L)': [1991], 'expressing': [1992], 'French': [2001], 'pressure': [2002], '(20': [2007], 'mmHepes,': [2008], 'EDTA.': [2033], '×g': [2042], 'Whatman).': [2064], 'flow': [2066], 'SP': [2072], 'Fast': [2073], 'Flow': [2074], '(1': [2076], 'Pharmacia),': [2080], 'NaCl.': [2097], 'MC': [2106], 'MA)': [2115], 'NiSO4.': [2118], 'imidazole.': [2133], 'immediately': [2149], 'These': [2168], 'carried': [2171], 'out': [2172], 'Briefly,': [2191], 'initiated': [2198], 'deoxycytidine': [2202], 'tailed': [2203, 3545], 'template': [2204, 3467, 3546], 'histone': [2208, 3095], 'H3.3': [2209, 3096], 'gene': [2210], 'fragment,': [2211], 'well': [2214, 3078, 3617], 'characterized': [2215, 3079], 'blocks': [2216, 2271, 3080], '(27Reines': [2219, 3099], 'Wells': [2221, 3101], 'Chamberlin': [2223, 3103, 3152], '1987;': [2230, 3110], '196:': [2231, 3111], '299-312Google': [2232, 3112], 'pulse-labeled': [2238, 3518], 'incubating': [2244], 'presence': [2247, 2276, 3794, 4178, 4242, 4258], '20': [2249, 2607, 3525, 3573], 'μCi': [2250], '[α-32P]CTP': [2252], '(3000': [2253], 'Ci/mmol,': [2254], 'DuPont': [2255], 'NEN),': [2256], 'GTP,': [2259], 'ATP,': [2260], 'UTP': [2262], '75': [2264, 2282], 's,': [2265], '0.1': [2278], 'mmunlabeled': [2279], 'CTP': [2280], 's.': [2283], 'Ternary': [2284], 'stalled': [2286, 2353], 'ways.': [2295], 'For': [2296, 2348, 2411, 2589, 3647], 'assay,': [2299, 2592], 'added,': [2303], 'allowed': [2306], 'proceed': [2308], 'designated': [2311, 2385], 'intervals,': [2312], 'resulting': [2315, 2518, 4298], 'transcripts': [2316, 2339, 2403, 3463, 3516, 4035, 4064, 4508, 4616, 4633], 'collected': [2318], 'ethanol': [2320], 'precipitation': [2321], 'resolved': [2323, 2405, 2467, 2645], 'electrophoresis': [2325, 2651], 'on': [2326, 2661, 2761, 2825], '6%': [2328], 'polyacrylamide': [2329, 2664, 4756], '(19:1': [2330], 'acrylamide:bisacrylamide),': [2331], '8.3': [2332], 'm': [2333], 'urea,': [2334], 'borate-EDTA': [2336], 'gel.': [2337], 'quantified': [2341, 2407, 2687], 'phosphorimaging': [2343], '(Molecular': [2344], 'Dynamics,': [2345], 'Sunnyvale,': [2346], 'CA).': [2347], 'reaction,': [2351], 'ternary': [2354, 3684, 3789, 3878, 4045], 'unincorporated': [2359], 'nucleotides': [2360, 4058], 'sequential': [2363], 'Bio-gel': [2364, 2428], 'spin': [2366, 2430], 'columns': [2367], 'complexes,': [2376, 4221], 'incubation': [2378, 3697], 'continued': [2380], 'time': [2386, 3667], 'points,': [2387], 'aliquots': [2388, 2456], 'removed,': [2390], 'stopped': [2395], 'stopping': [2400], 'buffer.': [2401], 'above.': [2410, 2470], 'intrinsic': [2414, 3352, 4409, 4431, 4443, 4466, 4516, 4536, 4554, 4587, 4614, 4631, 4661, 4683], 'standard': [2417], 'assay': [2419, 4531, 4744], 'modified': [2423], 'including': [2425], 'third': [2427], '70': [2434], 'CAPS,': [2436], 'K+,': [2437], '9.5,': [2439], 'KCl,': [2442], 'MgCl2,': [2445], 'glycerol.': [2448, 2680], 'Reactions': [2449], 'incubated': [2451, 2598, 3885], '°C,': [2454], 'removed': [2458, 2980], 'equal': [2461, 3548], 'volume': [2462, 2602], 'stop': [2464], 'An': [2471], 'oligonucleotide': [2472], 'kinase': [2477], '(HMK)': [2478], 'consensus': [2479, 2541], 'phosphorylation': [2480], '(RRASVDF)': [2482], 'inserted': [2484], 'pET15bPPR2': [2491], 'TFIIS.': [2516, 2533, 3847, 3997, 4185, 4244, 4513, 4725], 'phosphorylated': [2537], 'HMK': [2540, 2544], '(Sigma)': [2545], '[γ-32P]ATP': [2547], 'according': [2548], "manufacturer's": [2551], 'instructions.': [2552], 'labeled': [2554], 'remove': [2570], 'free': [2572, 2647], 'radiolabel.': [2573], 'The32P-labeled': [2574], 'unphosphorylated': [2577], 'equally': [2580], 'active': [2581, 2968, 3487, 4044], 'assays': [2583, 2755, 2794, 2970, 3056, 3495], 'cleavage.': [2588, 4406, 4436], '0.85': [2593], 'pmol': [2594, 2611], '32P-HMK-TFIIS': [2596, 2685], '5-μl': [2601], 'minimum': [2605], '0.1–4.5': [2610], 'salt': [2632], 'KOAc.': [2639], 'binary': [2641], 'TFIIS-polymerase': [2642], '2–3': [2653], 'V': [2657], '5%': [2663], '(30:0.8': [2665], 'acrylamide:bisacrylamide)': [2666], 'gel': [2667, 3531], 'borate,': [2674], 'ZnSO4,': [2677], '1%': [2679], 'amount': [2682], 'bound': [2684], 'phosphorimaging.': [2689], 'isolated': [2693], 'combination': [2696], 'heparin,': [2698], 'immunoaffinity,': [2699], 'anion': [2701], 'exchange': [2702], 'chromatography.': [2703], 'method': [2705], 'yielded': [2706], 'enzyme': [2709, 2726, 3304, 3491, 4299, 4370], 'devoid': [2710], '(Fig.1).': [2720], 'yield': [2722, 2810], 'approximately': [2734, 4591], 'mg/100': [2736], 'packed': [2739], 'yeast.': [2740], 'Purified': [2741, 3083], 'consistently': [2744], 'demonstrated': [2745, 4534], '2–3-fold': [2747], 'higher': [2748, 3234, 4384], 'specific': [2749], 'activity': [2750, 3370, 3438, 3983, 4663], 'promoter-independent': [2757, 2793, 3497], 'denatured': [2762], 'templates.': [2764], 'indistinguishable': [2771], 'polymerases.': [2775], 'enzymes': [2777, 3542, 4119], 'extent': [2785], 'pyrophosphorolysis': [2787], 'dependence': [2791], 'synthesis': [2797, 3569, 4623], '(data': [2798, 3550], 'shown).': [2800, 3552], 'Escherichia': [2807], 'coli.': [2808], 'mg/liter': [2815], 'culture.': [2818], 'We': [2819, 2993, 3225, 3454, 3848, 4420], 'judged': [2820], 'basis': [2827], 'observations.': [2830], 'First,': [2831], 'content': [2834], 'determined': [2838, 3911], 'atomic': [2840], 'absorption': [2841], 'spectroscopy': [2842], '2.4': [2845], '±': [2846], '0.4': [2847], 'mol': [2848], 'zinc/mol': [2850], 'rRPB9,': [2852], 'keeping': [2854, 2955], 'stoichiometry': [2858], 'RPB9.': [2863, 2886, 3777], '3I.': [2864], 'Donaldson,': [2865], 'Second,': [2868], 'this': [2869, 3068, 3600, 3690, 4649], 'preparation': [2871, 2917], 'accurate': [2873], 'utilization': [2877], 'extracts': [2880], 'prepared': [2881], '4M.': [2887], 'Woychik,': [2893], 'Although': [2896, 4514], 'transcriptionally': [2899], 'active,': [2900], 'it': [2901], 'readily': [2902], 'formed': [2903, 3791, 4366], 'aggregates.': [2904], 'Dynamic': [2905], 'light': [2906], 'scattering': [2907], 'studies': [2908], 'mg/ml': [2913], 'revealed': [2914], 'polydisperse': [2916], 'whose': [2918], 'average': [2919], 'size': [2920, 4572], 'corresponded': [2921], 'pentamer.': [2924], 'attempt': [2927], 'reduce': [2929], 'propensity': [2931], 'aggregate,': [2933], 'another': [2934], 'version': [2936, 2998], 'prepared,': [2940], 'form': [2943], 'GST.': [2948], 'dimeric': [2953, 2958], '(in': [2954], 'nature': [2959], 'native': [2961, 3530], 'GST),': [2962], 'monodisperse': [2963], 'solution,': [2965], 'promoter-dependent': [2972], 'transcription.': [2973], 'if': [2975, 3842, 3850, 4266, 4398], 'moiety': [2978], 'GST-RPB9,': [2984], 'generated': [2989, 4033, 4068], 'once': [2990], 'again': [2991], 'aggregated.': [2992], 'could': [2994, 3321, 3900, 4325], 'prepare': [2996], 'unaggregated.': [3003], 'Therefore': [3004], 'we': [3005, 3070, 3316, 3536, 3632, 3765, 3975, 4264, 4566], 'proteins': [3009], 'reconstitution': [3011, 3366, 3835], 'experiments.': [3012], 'each': [3014, 3283], 'such': [3015, 4515], 'experiment,': [3016], 'source': [3018], 'indicated,': [3023], 'corresponding': [3026], 'state': [3027], 'aggregation': [3029], 'therefore': [3031], 'known.': [3032], 'observation': [3034], 'same': [3043, 3809], 'yet': [3047], 'synthesizes': [3050], 'pauses': [3061], 'less': [3062], 'frequently': [3063], 'test': [3067], 'idea,': [3069], 'examined': [3071, 4738], 'behavior': [3073], 'stops': [3086], 'vitro': [3088], 'first': [3097, 3524, 3572, 4071], 'intron': [3098], 'strongest': [3115], 'block,': [3116], 'TIa,': [3117, 3615], 'has': [3118, 4110, 4607], 'extensively': [3121], 'study': [3123], 'mammalian': [3133, 4118], '28Reines': [3150], '264:': [3160], '10799-10809Google': [3161], '29Reines': [3163], 'Ghanouni': [3165], 'Li': [3167], 'Q.': [3168], 'Mote': [3169, 3941], 'Jr.,': [3170, 3942], '267:': [3176, 3934, 4141], '15516-15522Google': [3177], '30SivaRaman': [3179], 'L.': [3180], '14554-14560Google': [3190], '31Kerppola': [3192], 'T.K.': [3193], '29:': [3198], '269-278Google': [3199], '32Nakanishi': [3201], 'Shimoaraiso': [3203], 'Kubo': [3205], 'Natori': [3207], '8991-8995Google': [3214], '33Ciprés-Palacı́n': [3216], '34:': [3222], '15375-15380Google': [3223], 'observed': [3226, 3399, 3455, 4001, 4112, 4393, 4469, 4567], 'transcribes': [3230], 'TIa': [3232, 3245, 3267, 3351, 3661, 3717, 3907, 4505, 4628, 4639], 'efficiency': [3235, 3256], 'II;': [3238], '50–65%': [3239], 'elongates': [3243], 'past': [3244, 4637], 'compared': [3246, 3633, 4310], '15–30%': [3248], 'differences': [3253, 3309, 4249], 'moderate': [3258], 'reproducible;': [3260], 'values': [3262], 'reflect': [3263], 'range': [3265, 4100], 'dozen': [3273], 'independent': [3274], 'experiments': [3275], 'exclude': [3286], 'possibility': [3288], 'reason': [3297], 'elongating': [3303], 'indeed': [3311], 'property': [3313], 'tested': [3317, 3849, 3976, 4265], 'whether': [3318, 3863, 3977], 'restore': [3322, 3768, 4270], 'increasing': [3333], 'amounts': [3334], 'resulted': [3342], 'decreased': [3344, 3436, 3441, 3727], '(wild-type)': [3345], 'block': [3353], '(Fig.2': [3356], 'A).': [3357, 3678, 4061], 'decrease': [3359, 3395, 3711], 'likely': [3362], 'because': [3376, 3514], 'greater': [3379], '200-fold': [3381], 'molar': [3382, 3415, 3422, 3653, 3780, 3866, 3889, 4023, 4182, 4279, 4334, 4346], 'excess': [3383, 3416, 3423, 3654, 3781, 3867, 3890, 4024, 4183, 4280, 4335, 4347], 'either': [3387, 3470, 4289], 'did': [3393, 3469, 3814, 4225, 4425], 'below': [3397], 'alone.': [3403], 'Wild-type': [3404], '3–5-fold': [3414], '10-fold': [3421, 4278], 'rRPB9.': [3425, 3796], 'total': [3443], 'level': [3444, 3691, 3728], 'dC-tailed': [3449, 3466], 'templates': [3450, 3506], '(Fig.': [3451, 3698, 3817, 3915, 4059, 4079, 4314, 4338, 4371, 4544, 4584], 'B).': [3453], 'synthesized': [3459], '3–15': [3460], 'times': [3461], 'enzyme,': [3478, 3650], 'even': [3479, 4234], 'though': [3480], '1.5–2-fold': [3485], 'must': [3501], 'inhibit': [3502], 'early': [3509], 'stage': [3510], 'formation': [3521], 'so': [3527], 'nucleotides.': [3528, 3574], 'Using': [3529], 'electrophoretic': [3532, 4741], 'mobility': [3533, 4742], 'shift': [3534, 4743], 'assays,': [3535], 'shown': [3538, 4048], 'bind': [3543], 'affinity': [3549, 4720, 4728], 'Therefore,': [3553, 4374, 4726], 'inhibitory': [3555], 'effect': [3556, 3598, 4388], 'takes': [3559], 'place': [3560], 'after': [3561, 4235], 'before': [3567], 'mechanism': [3576, 4647], 'inhibition': [3578], 'remains': [3579, 4652], 'established.': [3582, 4610], 'causes': [3590], 'arrest': [3594, 3908, 4294], 'TIa.': [3596], 'apparently': [3602], 'contrasts': [3603], 'TFIIS,': [3610, 3631, 3892, 3974], 'stimulates': [3612, 3658], 'blocks.': [3622], 'explore': [3624], 'IIΔ9-containing': [3644, 3877], 'complexes.': [3646, 3879], '3-fold': [3652, 3779, 4022, 4181], 'maximally': [3657], 'min,': [3664], 'two-thirds': [3669], 'initially': [3672], 'reactivated': [3676], '(Fig.3': [3677], 'completely': [3687, 3857], 'unresponsive': [3688], '30-min': [3696], 'B,': [3700, 3917, 4212], 'lanes': [3701, 3820, 3918, 4207, 4213, 4317], '6–10;': [3702], 'Fig.': [3704, 3720, 4204, 4210, 4642], 'D': [3706], 'quantification).': [3708], 'apparent': [3710], 'B': [3722], '(lane': [3723], '5)': [3724], 'reflects': [3725], 'radioactivity': [3730], 'entire': [3733], 'lane': [3734, 4082], 'TFIIS-independent': [3738], 'event.': [3740], 'Once': [3741], 'again,': [3742], 'ensure': [3744, 4246], 'inability': [3747], 'respond': [3752], 'caused': [3759], 'lack': [3762], 'attempted': [3766], 'responsiveness': [3771], 'reconstituted': [3798], 'RPB9)': [3803, 4303], 'responded': [3804], 'kinetics': [3810, 4147, 4360], 'C,': [3819, 4316], '6–10).': [3821], 'It': [3822], 'necessary': [3825], 'preincubate': [3827], 'observe': [3834], 'activity;': [3837], 'obtained': [3841], 'treatment': [3861], 'large': [3865], 'able': [3871], 'promote': [3873], '100-fold': [3888, 4333, 4345], 'marginally': [3902], 'site,': [3909], 'PhosphorImager': [3913], '11–15).': [3919], 'TFIIS-stimulated': [3920, 4149, 4532, 4597], 'requires': [3922, 4382], 'nascent': [3924, 4171], 'event': [3927, 4651], '(34Reines': [3928], '3795-3800Google': [3935, 4142], '35Gu': [3937], 'Powell': [3939], '268:': [3950, 3961], '25604-25616Google': [3951], '36Guo': [3953], 'Price': [3955], 'D.H.': [3956], '18762-18770Google': [3962], 'Because': [3964], 'appears': [3967], 'deficient': [3970, 4691], 'responding': [3972], 'displayed': [3980, 4304], 'aberrant': [3981], 'comparing': [3985, 4553], 'response': [3995, 4307, 4710], 'As': [3998], 'had': [3999], 'rapidly': [4032], 'shortened': [4034, 4615, 4632], '(C1': [4036], 'C2)': [4038], 'stably': [4041], 'their': [4050, 4507], 'ability': [4051], 'elongate': [4053], 'upon': [4054], 'cleaved': [4063, 4072], 'appear': [4065, 4192, 4427], 'sequentially.': [4069], 'product': [4073, 4093], '(C1)': [4074], 'appeared': [4075], 'A,': [4081, 4206], '3),': [4083], 'over': [4085, 4538], 'course': [4087, 4540], 'smaller': [4092], '(C2)': [4094], 'appeared,': [4095], 'shorter': [4102], 'species.': [4104], 'Such': [4105], 'pattern': [4107, 4145, 4274], 'digestion': [4109], '34Reines': [4135], 'differ': [4155], 'significantly': [4156], 'Like': [4162], 'cleave': [4169, 4506], 'C1': [4175, 4189, 4200], 'IIΔ9-generated': [4188], 'products': [4191, 4202, 4576, 4589], 'slowly': [4194], 'do': [4196], 'II-generated': [4199], '(compare': [4203], '3–6,': [4208], '3–7).': [4214], 'contrast': [4216], 'second': [4229], 'products,': [4233], 'longer': [4239], 'due': [4255], 'absence': [4261, 4377, 4511], 'would': [4269, 4395, 4705], 'kinetics.': [4276], 'prior': [4290], 'formation.': [4296], '1–5).': [4318], 'requirement': [4320], 'diminished': [4327], '3).': [4339], 'Similarly,': [4340], 'returned': [4355], 'patterns': [4358], 'seen': [4363], 'D).': [4373], 'substantially': [4383], 'read-through.': [4391, 4698], 'explained': [4397], 'defective': [4402], 'catalyzing': [4404, 4434], 'found': [4421], 'any': [4430], 'defect': [4432], 'Moderate': [4437], 'elevation': [4438], '5Weilbaecher,': [4448], 'G.,': [4450], 'Awrey,': [4451], 'E.,': [4453], 'Edwards,': [4454], 'M.,': [4456, 4460], 'Kane,': [4458], 'preparation.': [4462], 'coli': [4472], '(37Orlova': [4475], 'Newlands': [4477], 'Das': [4479], 'Borukhov': [4483], '4596-4600Google': [4494], 'basic': [4497], 'pH,': [4498], 'halted': [4503], 'occur': [4519], 'physiologic': [4521], 'under': [4523, 4562], 'solution': [4525], 'conditions,': [4526, 4565], 'conditions': [4528], 'no': [4535, 4568], '4,': [4545], 'B,lanes': [4548], '2).': [4551], 'mildly': [4563], 'alkaline': [4564], 'difference': [4569], 'nor': [4577], '5).': [4585], 'correspond': [4590], 'mobilities': [4594], 'products;': [4599], 'however,': [4600], 'direct': [4601], 'determination': [4602], 'increment': [4606], 'Extension': [4611], '9.5': [4619], 'result': [4621], 'back': [4624], 'original': [4627], 'site.': [4629], 'Some': [4630], 'slightly': [4636], '(see': [4641], '5,': [4643], 'Nuc': [4644], 'lane);': [4645], 'established,': [4655], 'further': [4657], 'characterization': [4658], 'will': [4667], 'presented': [4669], 'elsewhere.5': [4670], 'summary,': [4672], 'similarity': [4674], 'suggests': [4686], 'aspect': [4695], 'TFIIS-mediated': [4697], 'trivial': [4700], 'explanation': [4701], 'our': [4703], 'reduced': [4709, 4719], 'arises': [4716], 'measures': [4746], 'association': [4748], 'radiolabeled': [4750], 'nondenaturing': [4755], 'gels': [4757], '(38Wu': [4758]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987911801', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T06:21:50.173162', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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