Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1987905039', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1018(200005/06)24:3<151::aid-fam731>3.0.co;2-9', 'title': 'Char formation in flame-retarded wool fibres. Part 1. Effect of intumescent on thermogravimetric behaviour', 'display_name': 'Char formation in flame-retarded wool fibres. Part 1. Effect of intumescent on thermogravimetric behaviour', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1987905039', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1018(200005/06)24:3<151::aid-fam731>3.0.co;2-9', 'mag': '1987905039'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1018(200005/06)24:3<151::aid-fam731>3.0.co;2-9', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S190005310', 'display_name': 'Fire and Materials', 'issn_l': '0308-0501', 'issn': ['0308-0501', '1099-1018'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013381039', 'display_name': 'A. Richard Horrocks', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-058X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165678365', 'display_name': 'University of Bolton', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01t884y44', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165678365']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Richard Horrocks', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Faculty of Technology, Bolton Institute, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Technology, Bolton Institute, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165678365']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019506114', 'display_name': 'Philip Davies', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165678365', 'display_name': 'University of Bolton', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01t884y44', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165678365']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Philip J. Davies', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Faculty of Technology, Bolton Institute, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Technology, Bolton Institute, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165678365']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3760, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3760, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.19, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 62, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.952324, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '24', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '151', 'last_page': '157'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11360', 'display_name': 'Flame Retardant Polymer Materials', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2507', 'display_name': 'Polymers and Plastics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11360', 'display_name': 'Flame Retardant Polymer Materials', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2507', 'display_name': 'Polymers and Plastics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11317', 'display_name': 'Fire Safety in Tunnel Fires', 'score': 0.9725, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2213', 'display_name': 'Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11511', 'display_name': 'Textile Dyeing Techniques and Materials', 'score': 0.9529, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2215', 'display_name': 'Building and Construction'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/intumescent', 'display_name': 'Intumescent', 'score': 0.99528635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/viscose', 'display_name': 'Viscose', 'score': 0.6850532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/textile-flame-retardancy', 'display_name': 'Textile Flame Retardancy', 'score': 0.605314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/thermogravimetric-analysis', 'display_name': 'Thermogravimetric analysis', 'score': 0.6000936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-retardant-polymers', 'display_name': 'Flame Retardant Polymers', 'score': 0.526091}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene-based-flame-retardants', 'display_name': 'Graphene-based Flame Retardants', 'score': 0.522171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/intumescent-polymers', 'display_name': 'Intumescent Polymers', 'score': 0.521835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulose-fiber', 'display_name': 'Cellulose fiber', 'score': 0.41226116}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96369861', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452996', 'display_name': 'Intumescent', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.99528635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779970684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11567121', 'display_name': 'Char', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9202318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205474432', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1354051', 'display_name': 'Fire retardant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.870659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775951321', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42329', 'display_name': 'Wool', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74006885}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2187297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194', 'display_name': 'Viscose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6850532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60100273', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806', 'display_name': 'Thermogravimetric analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6000936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.568712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5677608}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54965259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189109', 'display_name': 'Cellulose fiber', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41226116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40552554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31219882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C519885992', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161', 'display_name': 'Fiber', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22944093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36759035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848', 'display_name': 'Pyrolysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.19241306}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16251862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1018(200005/06)24:3<151::aid-fam731>3.0.co;2-9', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S190005310', 'display_name': 'Fire and Materials', 'issn_l': '0308-0501', 'issn': ['0308-0501', '1099-1018'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 14, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1976912801', 'https://openalex.org/W1981890844', 'https://openalex.org/W2000566036', 'https://openalex.org/W2035176311', 'https://openalex.org/W2035809433', 'https://openalex.org/W2047888913', 'https://openalex.org/W2064755189', 'https://openalex.org/W2088983584', 'https://openalex.org/W2132492120', 'https://openalex.org/W2138079496', 'https://openalex.org/W2151428994', 'https://openalex.org/W3150846461', 'https://openalex.org/W4232150523', 'https://openalex.org/W595426848'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2792367947', 'https://openalex.org/W2389099808', 'https://openalex.org/W2386420499', 'https://openalex.org/W2383310881', 'https://openalex.org/W2381753804', 'https://openalex.org/W2381148419', 'https://openalex.org/W2378080731', 'https://openalex.org/W2361173339', 'https://openalex.org/W2355534213', 'https://openalex.org/W2352514125'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Fire': [0], 'and': [1, 162, 166, 178, 185, 204, 256, 284, 315, 321, 336, 351, 372, 418], 'MaterialsVolume': [2], '24,': [3], 'Issue': [4], '3': [5], 'p.': [6], '151-157': [7, 449], 'Research': [8], 'Article': [9], 'Char': [10], 'formation': [11, 239, 348], 'in': [12, 240, 301, 312], 'flame-retarded': [13, 253], 'wool': [14, 218, 310, 385], 'fibres.': [15], 'Part': [16], '1.': [17], 'Effect': [18], 'of': [19, 33, 43, 65, 90, 100, 122, 164, 174, 187, 198, 217, 261, 264, 294, 297, 308, 317, 333, 339, 369, 402], 'intumescent': [20, 244, 419, 434], 'on': [21], 'thermogravimetric': [22], 'behaviour': [23], 'A.': [24, 29, 81, 86], 'Richard': [25, 30, 82, 87], 'Horrocks,': [26, 83], 'Corresponding': [27, 84], 'Author': [28, 85], 'Horrocks': [31, 88], 'Faculty': [32, 64, 89, 121], 'Technology,': [34, 44, 66, 91, 101, 123], 'Bolton': [35, 39, 45, 49, 67, 71, 92, 96, 102, 106, 124, 128], 'Institute,': [36, 46, 68, 93, 103, 125], 'Deane': [37, 47, 69, 94, 104, 126], 'Road,': [38, 48, 70, 95, 105, 127], 'BL3': [40, 50, 72, 97, 107, 129], '5AB,': [41, 51, 73, 98, 108, 130], 'UKFaculty': [42, 99], 'UKSearch': [52, 74, 109, 131], 'for': [53, 75, 110, 132, 429], 'more': [54, 76, 111, 133], 'papers': [55, 77, 112, 134], 'by': [56, 78, 113, 135], 'this': [57, 79, 114, 136, 199, 265], 'authorPhilip': [58, 115], 'J.': [59, 62, 116, 119], 'Davies,': [60, 117], 'Philip': [61, 118], 'Davies': [63, 120], 'author': [80, 137], 'First': [138], 'published:': [139], '30': [140], 'June': [141], '2000': [142, 438], 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1018(200005/06)24:3<151::AID-FAM731>3.0.CO;2-9Citations:': [143], '48AboutPDF': [144], 'ToolsRequest': [145], 'permissionExport': [146], 'citationAdd': [147], 'to': [148, 170, 193, 249, 267, 305, 322, 381, 388, 396, 410], 'favoritesTrack': [149], 'citation': [150], 'ShareShare': [151], 'Give': [152], 'accessShare': [153, 156], 'full': [154], 'text': [155], 'full-text': [157, 172, 196], 'accessPlease': [158], 'review': [159], 'our': [160], 'Terms': [161, 184], 'Conditions': [163, 186], 'Use': [165], 'check': [167], 'box': [168], 'below': [169, 192], 'share': [171, 194], 'version': [173, 197], 'article.I': [175], 'have': [176, 223, 246, 364, 389], 'read': [177], 'accept': [179], 'the': [180, 190, 286, 292, 306, 313, 366, 370, 376, 384, 400, 412], 'Wiley': [181, 440], 'Online': [182], 'Library': [183], 'UseShareable': [188], 'LinkUse': [189], 'link': [191], 'a': [195, 210, 269, 295, 302, 392], 'article': [200], 'with': [201, 236, 252, 399, 425], 'your': [202], 'friends': [203], 'colleagues.': [205], 'Learn': [206], 'more.Copy': [207], 'URL': [208], 'Share': [209], 'linkShare': [211], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat': [212], 'Abstract': [213], 'The': [214], 'char-forming': [215, 420], 'characteristics': [216], 'are': [219], 'well': [220, 424], 'known': [221], 'but': [222], 'been': [224, 247], 'little': [225], 'studied': [226], 'during': [227], 'recent': [228], 'years,': [229], 'although': [230], 'flame-retardant': [231, 319, 430], 'activity': [232, 277], 'may': [233, 278, 349], 'be': [234, 279], 'associated': [235], 'enhanced': [237, 346], 'char': [238, 347, 353, 403], 'many': [241], 'cases.': [242], 'Recently,': [243], 'flame-retardants': [245], 'shown': [248], 'react': [250], 'synergistically': [251], 'cellulosic': [254, 431], 'fibres': [255], 'generate': [257, 382], 'unexpectedly': [258], 'high': [259], 'levels': [260], 'char.': [262], 'Extension': [263], 'concept': [266], 'wool,': [268], 'naturally': [270], 'intumescing': [271], 'fibre,': [272], 'shows': [273, 354], 'that': [274, 345, 352], 'similar': [275], 'synergistic': [276], 'observed.': [280], 'This': [281], 'paper': [282], 'describes': [283], 'discusses': [285], 'initial': [287], 'work': [288], 'which': [289, 422], 'has': [290], 'involved': [291], 'application': [293], 'number': [296], 'phosphate-based': [298], 'intumescents': [299], 'bound': [300], 'resin': [303], 'system': [304], 'surface': [307], '100%': [309], 'fabrics': [311, 335], 'absence': [314], 'presence': [316], 'zirconium-based': [318], '(ZIRPRO®)': [320], 'unretarded': [323], 'wool/flame-retarded': [324], '(FR)': [325], 'viscose': [326], 'blend': [327], 'fabrics.': [328], 'Thermal': [329], 'analytical': [330], 'studies': [331, 363], '(TGA)': [332], 'treated': [334], 'synthesised': [337], 'mixtures': [338], 'respective': [340], 'powdered': [341], 'fibre/intumescent': [342], 'combinations': [343], 'demonstrate': [344], 'occur': [350], 'higher-than-expected': [355], 'oxidative': [356], 'resistance': [357], 'above': [358], '500°C.': [359], 'Scanning': [360], 'electron': [361], 'microscopy': [362], 'demonstrated': [365], 'physical': [367], 'nature': [368], 'interaction': [371], 'show': [373], 'that,': [374], 'under': [375], 'experimental': [377], 'heating': [378], 'conditions': [379], 'used': [380], 'chars,': [383], 'component': [386], 'appears': [387], 'passed': [390], 'through': [391], 'semi-liquid': [393], 'state': [394], 'prior': [395], 'or': [397], 'simultaneously': [398], 'onset': [401], 'formation.': [404], 'A': [405], 'qualitative': [406], 'model': [407], 'is': [408], 'proposed': [409], 'explain': [411], 'interactions': [413], 'taking': [414], 'place': [415], 'between': [416], 'fibre': [417, 432], 'reactions': [421], 'compares': [423], 'earlier': [426], 'results': [427], 'observed': [428], '—': [433], 'interactions.': [435], 'Copyright': [436], '©': [437], 'John': [439], '&': [441], 'Sons': [442], 'Ltd.': [443], 'Citing': [444], 'Literature': [445], 'Volume24,': [446], 'Issue3May/June': [447], '2000Pages': [448], 'RelatedInformation': [450]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987905039', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-20T04:18:29.140916', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}