Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1986649315', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3528204', 'title': 'The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI): A Completed Reference Database of Lung Nodules on CT Scans', 'display_name': 'The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI): A Completed Reference Database of Lung Nodules on CT Scans', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-01-24', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1986649315', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3528204', 'mag': '1986649315', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21452728', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3041807'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3528204', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95522064', 'display_name': 'Medical Physics', 'issn_l': '0094-2405', 'issn': ['0094-2405', '1522-8541', '2473-4209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98732/1/MPH000915.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000694161', 'display_name': 'Samuel G. Armato', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-7997'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Samuel G. Armato', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004979243', 'display_name': 'Geoffrey McLennan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126307644', 'display_name': 'University of Iowa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036jqmy94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Geoffrey McLennan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053215014', 'display_name': 'Luc Bidaut', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-2606'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343551460', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04twxam07', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1343551460']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Luc Bidaut', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343551460']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090594327', 'display_name': 'Michael F. McNitt‐Gray', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3004-4613'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael F. McNitt‐Gray', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020115926', 'display_name': 'Charles R Meyer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4350-6238'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Charles R. Meyer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, A522, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, A522, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060527966', 'display_name': 'Anthony P. Reeves', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-3080'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'display_name': 'Cornell University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6r87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Anthony P. Reeves', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, 392 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, 392 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073322132', 'display_name': 'Binsheng Zhao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-0293'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1334819555', 'display_name': 'Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02yrq0923', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1334819555']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Binsheng Zhao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1334819555']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068964857', 'display_name': 'Denise R. Aberle', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8858-3401'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Denise R. Aberle', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008905381', 'display_name': 'Claudia I. Henschke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-5305'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98704320', 'display_name': 'Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04a9tmd77', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320796813', 'https://openalex.org/I98704320']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Claudia I. Henschke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98704320']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011527598', 'display_name': 'Eric A. Hoffman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-9437'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126307644', 'display_name': 'University of Iowa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036jqmy94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eric A. Hoffman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089985924', 'display_name': 'Ella A. Kazerooni', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-8744'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210114445', 'display_name': 'Michigan Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zcpa714', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114445']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ella A. Kazerooni', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Cardiovascular Center Number 5482, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Cardiovascular Center Number 5482, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114445']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024687283', 'display_name': 'Heber MacMahon', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8525-6596'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heber MacMahon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073774291', 'display_name': 'Edwin J.R. van Beek', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-5071'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126307644', 'display_name': 'University of Iowa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036jqmy94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Edwin J. R. van Beek', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014398541', 'display_name': 'David Yankelevitz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98704320', 'display_name': 'Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04a9tmd77', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320796813', 'https://openalex.org/I98704320']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Yankelevitz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98704320']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090546789', 'display_name': 'Alberto Biancardi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2765-0773'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'display_name': 'Cornell University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6r87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alberto M. Biancardi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, 392 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, 392 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066489172', 'display_name': 'Peyton H. Bland', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peyton H. Bland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, A502 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, A502 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087263570', 'display_name': 'Matthew S. Brown', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-3696'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthew S. Brown', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087932039', 'display_name': 'Roger Engelmann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-8478'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Roger M. Engelmann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001402952', 'display_name': 'Gary E. Laderach', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gary E. Laderach', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, A502 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, A502 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060933816', 'display_name': 'Daniel Max', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98704320', 'display_name': 'Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04a9tmd77', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320796813', 'https://openalex.org/I98704320']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel Max', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98704320']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018044427', 'display_name': 'Richard Pais', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4298-5747'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard C. Pais', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021658153', 'display_name': 'David Qing', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David P.‐Y. Qing', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089434313', 'display_name': 'R Roberts', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rachael Y. Roberts', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072952954', 'display_name': 'Amanda R. Smith', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-1499'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126307644', 'display_name': 'University of Iowa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036jqmy94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Amanda R. Smith', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090373664', 'display_name': 'Adam Starkey', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6238-1281'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Adam Starkey', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003327095', 'display_name': 'Poonam Batra', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Poonam Batra', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054461697', 'display_name': 'Philip Caligiuri', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40347166', 'display_name': 'University of Chicago', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/024mw5h28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Philip Caligiuri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40347166']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068736239', 'display_name': 'Ali Farooqi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98704320', 'display_name': 'Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04a9tmd77', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320796813', 'https://openalex.org/I98704320']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ali Farooqi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98704320']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038682299', 'display_name': 'Gregory W. Gladish', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-0616'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343551460', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04twxam07', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1343551460']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gregory W. Gladish', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1478, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1478, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343551460']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079756432', 'display_name': 'Cecilia M. Jude', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Matilda Jude', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029883989', 'display_name': 'Reginald F. Munden', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-5067'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343551460', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04twxam07', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1343551460']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Reginald F. Munden', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Diagnostic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1478, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Diagnostic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1478, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343551460']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034605986', 'display_name': 'Iva Petkovska', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4373-6494'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Iva Petkovska', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011458328', 'display_name': 'Leslie E. Quint', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-1131'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210114445', 'display_name': 'Michigan Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zcpa714', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114445']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Leslie E. Quint', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'https://openalex.org/I4210114445']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058825770', 'display_name': 'Lawrence H. Schwartz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1334819555', 'display_name': 'Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02yrq0923', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1334819555']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lawrence H. Schwartz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, Box 29, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, Box 29, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1334819555']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103211043', 'display_name': 'Baskaran Sundaram', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-0396'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210114445', 'display_name': 'Michigan Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zcpa714', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114445']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Baskaran Sundaram', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, CVC 5481, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, CVC 5481, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'https://openalex.org/I4210114445']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020333045', 'display_name': 'Lori E. Dodd', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-5429'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140884', 'display_name': 'National Cancer Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040gcmg81', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210140884']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lori E. Dodd', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140884']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010565302', 'display_name': 'Charles Fenimore', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xpvk416', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Charles Fenimore', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Information Access Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, MS 8940, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Information Access Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, MS 8940, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076868240', 'display_name': 'David Gur', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-2497'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I170201317', 'display_name': 'University of Pittsburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an3r305', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I170201317']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Gur', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3632 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3632 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170201317']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006593300', 'display_name': 'Nicholas Petrick', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-8899'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1320320070', 'display_name': 'United States Food and Drug Administration', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034xvzb47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1320320070']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nicholas Petrick', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United States Food and Drug Administration, WO62–4118, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United States Food and Drug Administration, WO62–4118, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1320320070']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019607232', 'display_name': 'John Freymann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-0095'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I880747138', 'display_name': 'Science Applications International Corporation (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00zv91802', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I880747138']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John Freymann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['SAIC-Frederick, Inc., 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'SAIC-Frederick, Inc., 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I880747138']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009714920', 'display_name': 'Justin Kirby', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3487-8922'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I880747138', 'display_name': 'Science Applications International Corporation (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00zv91802', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I880747138']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Justin Kirby', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['SAIC-Frederick, Inc., 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'SAIC-Frederick, Inc., 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I880747138']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049400235', 'display_name': 'Brian Hughes', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-4066'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Brian Hughes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TerpSys, 2115 East Jefferson Street, Suite 6000, Rockville, Maryland 20852'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TerpSys, 2115 East Jefferson Street, Suite 6000, Rockville, Maryland 20852', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084079627', 'display_name': 'Alessi Vande Casteele', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160364', 'display_name': 'Agfa HealthCare', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05raay295', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160364']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alessi Vande Casteele', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Agfa HealthCare NV, Septestraat 27, 2640 Mortsel, Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Agfa HealthCare NV, Septestraat 27, 2640 Mortsel, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160364']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039678330', 'display_name': 'Sangeeta Gupte', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sangeeta Gupte', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA, Inc., 419 West Avenue, Stamford, Connecticut 06902'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA, Inc., 419 West Avenue, Stamford, Connecticut 06902', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073691654', 'display_name': 'Maha Sallam', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Maha Sallam', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['iCAD, Inc., Global Headquarters, 98 Spit Brook Road, Suite 100, Nashua, New Hampshire 03062'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'iCAD, Inc., Global Headquarters, 98 Spit Brook Road, Suite 100, Nashua, New Hampshire 03062', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089510764', 'display_name': 'Michael D. Heath', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I175669267', 'display_name': 'Carestream (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048m16q57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I175669267']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael D. Heath', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Carestream Health Inc., 1049 Ridge Road West, Rochester, New York 14615'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Carestream Health Inc., 1049 Ridge Road West, Rochester, New York 14615', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I175669267']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003406386', 'display_name': 'Michael Kühn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-1480'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162505', 'display_name': 'Philips (Germany)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05san5604', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210122849', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162505']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael H. Kuhn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Philips Medical Systems DMC GmbH, Roentgenstrasse 24, D-22315 Hamburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Philips Medical Systems DMC GmbH, Roentgenstrasse 24, D-22315 Hamburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162505']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028670837', 'display_name': 'Ekta Dharaiya', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-9156'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210127373', 'display_name': 'Highland Community College - Illinois', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mxywv89', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127373']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210131230', 'display_name': 'Philips (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03kw6wr76', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210122849', 'https://openalex.org/I4210131230']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ekta Dharaiya', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Philips Healthcare, 595 Miner Road, Highland Heights, Ohio 44143'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Philips Healthcare, 595 Miner Road, Highland Heights, Ohio 44143', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127373', 'https://openalex.org/I4210131230']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085215578', 'display_name': 'Richard J. Burns', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-438X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard Burns', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Riverain Medical, 3020 South Tech Boulevard, Miamisburg, Ohio 45342'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Riverain Medical, 3020 South Tech Boulevard, Miamisburg, Ohio 45342', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046379840', 'display_name': 'David Fryd', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David S. Fryd', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Riverain Medical, 3020 South Tech Boulevard, Miamisburg, Ohio 45342'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Riverain Medical, 3020 South Tech Boulevard, Miamisburg, Ohio 45342', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039949275', 'display_name': 'Marcos Salganicoff', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marcos Salganicoff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 51 Valley Stream Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 51 Valley Stream Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074548875', 'display_name': 'Vikram Anand', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-6677'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vikram Anand', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 51 Valley Stream Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 51 Valley Stream Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034307195', 'display_name': 'Uri Shreter', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Uri Shreter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GE Healthcare, 3000 North Grandview Boulevard, W1120, Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GE Healthcare, 3000 North Grandview Boulevard, W1120, Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080134470', 'display_name': 'Stephen Vastagh', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephen Vastagh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Medical Imaging and Technology Alliance (MITA), 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752, Arlington, Virginia 22209'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Medical Imaging and Technology Alliance (MITA), 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752, Arlington, Virginia 22209', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051439615', 'display_name': 'Barbara Y. Croft', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-150X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140884', 'display_name': 'National Cancer Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040gcmg81', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210140884']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Barbara Y. Croft', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140884']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012731134', 'display_name': 'Laurence P. Clarke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-7174'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140884', 'display_name': 'National Cancer Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040gcmg81', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I4210140884']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Laurence P. Clarke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140884']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 19, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3040, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3040, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 17.844, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 2097, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999969, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '38', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '915', 'last_page': '931'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10202', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10202', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12422', 'display_name': 'Radiomics in Medical Imaging Analysis', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10862', 'display_name': 'Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis', 'score': 0.9703, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-image-analysis', 'display_name': 'Medical Image Analysis', 'score': 0.53951}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-nodules', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary Nodules', 'score': 0.537582}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging', 'display_name': 'Medical Imaging', 'score': 0.532558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-imaging', 'display_name': 'Cancer Imaging', 'score': 0.524931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-detection', 'display_name': 'Computer-Aided Detection', 'score': 0.501522}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.71338755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.59592044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48371342}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19527891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908', 'display_name': 'Medical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45734334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23123220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826', 'display_name': 'Information retrieval', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3279041}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29631966}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008168', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008175', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014057', 'descriptor_name': 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016208', 'descriptor_name': 'Databases, Factual', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003936', 'descriptor_name': 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011786', 'descriptor_name': 'Quality Control', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011857', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013902', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012015', 'descriptor_name': 'Reference Standards', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D047368', 'descriptor_name': 'Tumor Burden', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3528204', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95522064', 'display_name': 'Medical Physics', 'issn_l': '0094-2405', 'issn': ['0094-2405', '1522-8541', '2473-4209'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/98732', 'pdf_url': 'http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98732/1/MPH000915.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400393', 'display_name': 'Deep Blue (University of Michigan)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Michigan–Ann Arbor'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3041807', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3041807?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041807', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21452728', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/98732', 'pdf_url': 'http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98732/1/MPH000915.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400393', 'display_name': 'Deep Blue (University of Michigan)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Michigan–Ann Arbor'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17', 'score': 0.59, 'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332505', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Public Health Service', 'award_id': 'U01CA091100'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332505', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Public Health Service', 'award_id': 'U01CA091090'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332505', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Public Health Service', 'award_id': 'U01CA091099'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332505', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Public Health Service', 'award_id': 'U01CA091085'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332505', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Public Health Service', 'award_id': 'U01CA091103'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320337351', 'funder_display_name': 'National Cancer Institute', 'award_id': 'HHSN261200800001E'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1545169144', 'https://openalex.org/W1630436329', 'https://openalex.org/W1719177154', 'https://openalex.org/W177004468', 'https://openalex.org/W1972482030', 'https://openalex.org/W1974122280', 'https://openalex.org/W1974165720', 'https://openalex.org/W1978763979', 'https://openalex.org/W1984523156', 'https://openalex.org/W1988942244', 'https://openalex.org/W2006408184', 'https://openalex.org/W2017898137', 'https://openalex.org/W2018984493', 'https://openalex.org/W2022316296', 'https://openalex.org/W2033382717', 'https://openalex.org/W2033459874', 'https://openalex.org/W2036382630', 'https://openalex.org/W2041219507', 'https://openalex.org/W2050887207', 'https://openalex.org/W2054331286', 'https://openalex.org/W2061083185', 'https://openalex.org/W2077953288', 'https://openalex.org/W2087885582', 'https://openalex.org/W2088063558', 'https://openalex.org/W2102190496', 'https://openalex.org/W2123239433', 'https://openalex.org/W2124770695', 'https://openalex.org/W2128703497', 'https://openalex.org/W2132014319', 'https://openalex.org/W2133059825', 'https://openalex.org/W2136325898', 'https://openalex.org/W2138797814', 'https://openalex.org/W2140480784', 'https://openalex.org/W2142514727', 'https://openalex.org/W2152697758', 'https://openalex.org/W2157117929', 'https://openalex.org/W2163007426', 'https://openalex.org/W2164160732', 'https://openalex.org/W2171882680', 'https://openalex.org/W2171984878', 'https://openalex.org/W24108181', 'https://openalex.org/W41027960', 'https://openalex.org/W45053571', 'https://openalex.org/W96995336'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389568370', 'https://openalex.org/W3108674512', 'https://openalex.org/W3032375762', 'https://openalex.org/W3031052312', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2148612803', 'https://openalex.org/W2080531066', 'https://openalex.org/W1995515455', 'https://openalex.org/W1506200166', 'https://openalex.org/W1489783725'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Purpose:': [0], 'The': [1, 28, 130, 223, 247, 295], 'development': [2], 'of': [3, 23, 71, 92, 137, 156, 186, 213, 225, 260, 272], 'computer‐aided': [4], 'diagnostic': [5], '(CAD)': [6], 'methods': [7], 'for': [8, 49, 67, 126], 'lung': [9, 236], 'nodule': [10, 287, 291], 'detection,': [11], 'classification,': [12], 'and': [13, 34, 74, 79, 104, 113, 118, 147, 180, 193, 289, 313], 'quantitative': [14], 'assessment': [15], 'can': [16], 'be': [17], 'facilitated': [18], 'through': [19, 83], 'a': [20, 42, 45, 93, 97, 123, 127, 142, 157, 220], 'well‐characterized': [21], 'repository': [22], 'computed': [24], 'tomography': [25], '(CT)': [26], 'scans.': [27], 'Lung': [29], 'Image': [30, 35], 'Database': [31, 36, 132, 248, 297], 'Consortium': [32], '(LIDC)': [33], 'Resource': [37], 'Initiative': [38], '(IDRI)': [39], 'completed': [40], 'such': [41, 277], 'database,': [43], 'establishing': [44], 'publicly': [46], 'available': [47], 'reference': [48], 'the': [50, 57, 65, 68, 77, 90, 154, 169, 197, 210, 214], 'medical': [51, 106, 304], 'imaging': [52, 107, 305], 'research': [53, 306], 'community.': [54], 'Initiated': [55], 'by': [56, 64, 76, 163, 254, 267], 'National': [58, 69], 'Cancer': [59], 'Institute': [60], '(NCI),': [61], 'further': [62], 'advanced': [63], 'Foundation': [66], 'Institutes': [70], 'Health': [72], '(FNIH),': [73], 'accompanied': [75], 'Food': [78], 'Drug': [80], 'Administration': [81], '(FDA)': [82], 'active': [84], 'participation,': [85], 'this': [86, 226], 'public‐private': [87], 'partnership': [88], 'demonstrates': [89], 'success': [91], 'consortium': [94], 'founded': [95], 'on': [96], 'consensus‐based': [98], 'process.': [99], 'Methods:': [100], 'Seven': [101], 'academic': [102], 'centers': [103], 'eight': [105], 'companies': [108], 'collaborated': [109], 'to': [110, 121, 184, 218, 229, 300, 308], 'identify,': [111], 'address,': [112], 'resolve': [114], 'challenging': [115], 'organizational,': [116], 'technical,': [117], 'clinical': [119, 143, 316], 'issues': [120], 'provide': [122, 301], 'solid': [124], 'foundation': [125], 'robust': [128], 'database.': [129], 'LIDC/IDRI': [131, 296], 'contains': [133, 249], '1018': [134], 'cases,': [135], 'each': [136, 173, 177, 201, 239], 'which': [138, 273], 'includes': [139], 'images': [140], 'from': [141, 279], 'thoracic': [144, 166], 'CT': [145, 178, 240], 'scan': [146, 179, 241], 'an': [148, 302], 'associated': [149], 'XML': [150], 'file': [151], 'that': [152], 'records': [153], 'results': [155], 'two‐phase': [158], 'image': [159], 'annotation': [160], 'process': [161, 227], 'performed': [162], 'four': [164, 281], 'experienced': [165], 'radiologists.': [167, 282], 'In': [168, 196], 'initial': [170], 'blinded‐read': [171], 'phase,': [172, 200], 'radiologist': [174, 202], 'independently': [175, 203], 'reviewed': [176, 204], 'marked': [181, 252, 264], 'lesions': [182, 251, 262, 285], 'belonging': [183], 'one': [185, 257, 270], 'three': [187, 215], 'categories': [188], '(“': [189], ',”': [190, 192], '“': [191, 265], '“non‐': [194], '”).': [195], 'subsequent': [198], 'unblinded‐read': [199], 'their': [205], 'own': [206], 'marks': [207, 212, 278], 'along': [208], 'with': [209], 'anonymized': [211], 'other': [216], 'radiologists': [217], 'render': [219], 'final': [221], 'opinion.': [222], 'goal': [224], 'was': [228], 'identify': [230], 'as': [231, 233], 'completely': [232], 'possible': [234], 'all': [235, 280], 'nodules': [237], 'in': [238, 315], 'without': [242], 'requiring': [243], 'forced': [244], 'consensus.': [245], 'Results:': [246], '7371': [250], '“nodule”': [253], 'at': [255, 268], 'least': [256, 269], 'radiologist.': [258], '2669': [259, 284], 'these': [261], 'were': [263], '”': [266], 'radiologist,': [271], '928': [274], '(34.7%)': [275], 'received': [276], 'These': [283], 'include': [286], 'outlines': [288], 'subjective': [290], 'characteristic': [292], 'ratings.': [293], 'Conclusions:': [294], 'is': [298], 'expected': [299], 'essential': [303], 'resource': [307], 'spur': [309], 'CAD': [310], 'development,': [311], 'validation,': [312], 'dissemination': [314], 'practice.': [317]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986649315', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 174}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 313}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 305}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 304}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 283}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 239}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 165}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 105}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 73}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 52}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-12T21:21:37.375130', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}