Publication Information

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4035], 'deletions': [17, 301, 1461, 3167, 3771, 3848, 3995, 4315, 4436], 'and': [18, 21, 53, 71, 129, 147, 159, 170, 188, 216, 255, 258, 302, 305, 337, 355, 413, 431, 443, 454, 472, 500, 539, 542, 585, 673, 745, 753, 770, 864, 902, 941, 1029, 1109, 1299, 1401, 1462, 1569, 1623, 1734, 1743, 1763, 1799, 1822, 1835, 1891, 1908, 1943, 1954, 1977, 2024, 2064, 2122, 2170, 2204, 2243, 2261, 2287, 2291, 2312, 2336, 2422, 2453, 2459, 2494, 2527, 2559, 2607, 2609, 2622, 2675, 2689, 2746, 2892, 2926, 2936, 3168, 3182, 3194, 3220, 3258, 3264, 3272, 3287, 3293, 3300, 3306, 3422, 3492, 3537, 3563, 3597, 3701, 3704, 3721, 3770, 4186, 4234, 4271, 4390, 4520, 4598, 4611, 4617], 'point': [19, 228, 303, 512, 1510, 3169, 3672, 3768], 'mutations,': [20, 304], 'the': [24, 113, 118, 144, 153, 160, 189, 202, 244, 308, 397, 402, 428, 437, 444, 473, 486, 528, 595, 756, 843, 862, 872, 904, 913, 946, 956, 987, 1023, 1188, 1397, 1442, 1539, 1736, 1745, 1817, 1823, 1847, 1887, 1964, 1973, 2067, 2098, 2118, 2130, 2218, 2232, 2250, 2262, 2275, 2304, 2313, 2348, 2353, 2364, 2391, 2403, 2503, 2506, 2560, 2572, 2587, 2690, 2709, 2733, 2899, 2909, 2916, 2929, 2955, 2968, 3134, 3161, 3184, 3213, 3225, 3249, 3267, 3273, 3284, 3297, 3313, 3332, 3403, 3406, 3415, 3466, 3500, 3505, 3523, 3583, 3621, 3624, 3633, 3690, 3737, 3744, 3749, 3753, 3845, 3972, 3980, 4072, 4076, 4085, 4088, 4119, 4166, 4172, 4187, 4306, 4355, 4376, 4417, 4500, 4556, 4590, 4614], 'nuclear': [25, 309, 1540, 3395], 'gene': [26, 310, 1541, 3761], 'for': [27, 88, 311, 372, 751, 1412, 1415, 1807, 1882, 1917, 1928, 1959, 2045, 2318, 2341, 2352, 2445, 2450, 2456, 2491, 2904, 2920, 3029, 3065, 3157, 3612, 3632, 3723, 4015, 4071, 4516, 4532, 4571, 4609], 'thymidine': [28, 69, 312, 353, 662, 1026, 1543, 1566, 1582, 1733, 2070, 2104, 3123, 3130, 3137, 3142, 3242, 3327, 3503, 4024, 4027, 4081, 4131, 4410], 'phosphorylase.': [29, 313, 663, 3138], 'Spinazzola': [30, 314, 1202, 1549, 1668, 2751], 'et': [31, 207, 315, 491, 2134, 2631, 2972, 3075, 3639, 4322, 4448], 'al.': [32, 208, 316, 492, 2135, 2632, 2973, 3076, 3640, 4323, 4449], '(Spinazzola,': [33, 317], 'A.,': [34, 40, 42, 318, 324, 326], 'Marti,': [35, 211, 319, 495], 'R.,': [36, 212, 320, 496], 'Nishino,': [37, 321], 'I.,': [38, 46, 322, 330], 'Andreu,': [39, 323], 'Naini,': [41, 325], 'Tadesse,': [43, 327], 'S.,': [44, 328], 'Pela,': [45, 329], 'Zammarchi,': [47, 331], 'E.,': [48, 332], 'Donati,': [49, 333], 'M.,': [50, 334], 'Oliver,': [51, 335], 'J.,': [52, 336], 'Hirano,': [54, 217, 338, 501], 'M.': [55, 218, 339, 502, 1033, 1205, 1229, 1258, 1286, 1470, 1519, 1552, 1602, 1606, 1630, 1671, 1698, 1702, 2754, 2773, 2802, 2830, 3094, 3098, 3648, 3773, 3816, 3861, 3890, 3918, 4276, 4282, 4325, 4331, 4451, 4457], '(2001)': [56, 340], 'J.': [57, 220, 341, 504, 612, 778, 796, 812, 880, 1036, 1053, 1055, 1116, 1221, 1223, 1280, 1309, 1384, 1520, 1604, 1607, 1700, 1703, 2634, 2765, 2767, 2824, 2850, 3048, 3096, 3099, 3371, 3431, 3649, 3817, 3853, 3855, 3912], 'Biol.': [58, 342, 706, 779, 797, 813, 881, 1037, 1117, 1385, 1608, 1704, 3049, 3100, 3432, 4294, 4343, 4469], 'Chem.': [59, 343, 780, 798, 814, 882, 1038, 1118, 1386, 1609, 1705, 3050, 3101, 3433], '277,': [60, 344], '4128–4133)': [61, 345], 'showed': [62, 120, 346, 404, 3115, 3119], 'that': [63, 74, 225, 347, 358, 509, 579, 763, 1072, 1144, 1176, 1647, 2505, 2721, 3023, 3116, 3141, 3154, 3413, 3510, 3579, 3623, 3627, 3669, 4087, 4116, 4128, 4308, 4319, 4353, 4384, 4405, 4427, 4484, 4492, 4525, 4536, 4548, 4568], 'MNGIE': [64, 231, 348, 515, 1452, 1653, 3117, 3664, 3675, 3764], 'patients': [65, 232, 349, 516, 3118, 3676, 3765], 'have': [66, 350, 1142, 1407, 1435, 2953, 2991, 3424, 3570, 4260, 4272, 4523], 'elevated': [67, 351], 'circulating': [68, 352, 1579, 3122], 'levels': [70, 354, 1580, 1649, 4363], 'they': [72, 356, 4193], 'hypothesized': [73, 357], 'this': [75, 95, 359, 379, 1721, 2932, 2958, 3173, 3321, 3976, 4010, 4481, 4507, 4553, 4581, 4607], 'generates': [76, 360], 'imbalanced': [77, 361, 3231], 'deoxyribonucleoside': [79, 363, 649, 652, 906], 'triphosphate': [80, 364, 873], '(dNTP)': [81, 365], 'pools,': [82, 366, 2075, 3189, 4360], 'which': [83, 367, 590, 664, 850, 1886, 2595, 3734, 3837], 'turn': [85, 369], 'are': [86, 197, 265, 370, 481, 549, 591, 749, 839, 1076, 1348, 3606, 3711, 3832, 3842, 3935], 'responsible': [87, 371], '(mt)': [90, 374], 'DNA': [91, 375, 577, 639, 685, 1808, 2012, 2382, 2394, 2534, 2549, 2616, 2917, 3390, 3396, 3662, 3851, 4033, 4191], 'mutagenesis.': [92, 376, 2696, 4600], 'We': [93, 377, 1719, 3223, 4029, 4601], 'tested': [94, 378, 1720], 'hypothesis': [96, 380, 1722], 'by': [97, 126, 130, 185, 205, 275, 381, 410, 414, 469, 489, 559, 849, 867, 912, 955, 989, 1025, 1535, 1723, 1926, 2057, 2126, 2167, 2236, 2247, 2284, 2363, 2389, 2439, 2563, 2598, 2629, 2923, 2927, 2960, 3262, 3291, 3534, 3637, 3729, 3758, 4001, 4139, 4446, 4512], 'culturing': [98, 382, 1724, 4487], 'HeLa': [99, 383, 1438, 1725, 2076, 2156, 2384, 2536, 3177, 3479, 4013], 'cells': [100, 384, 723, 1079, 1726, 1753, 1792, 1813, 1819, 1838, 1848, 2078, 2158, 2244, 2263, 2276, 3064, 3178, 3605, 4014, 4061, 4069, 4163, 4489], 'medium': [102, 386, 1728, 1770, 1825, 2090, 2119, 3181, 4019, 4065, 4078], 'supplemented': [103, 387, 1729, 1771, 2091, 4020], '50': [105, 389, 1731, 1784, 2112, 3208, 3240, 4022], 'μm': [106, 390, 1732, 1785, 2021, 2026, 3241, 4023], 'thymidine.': [107, 391, 1786], 'After': [108, 136, 392, 420, 2114, 2227, 2570], '8-month': [109, 393], 'growth,': [110, 394], 'mtDNA': [111, 395, 716, 1465, 1509, 1664, 1748, 2405, 2593, 2604, 3197, 4050, 4134, 4138, 4155, 4270, 4373], 'thymidine-treated': [114, 398, 3604, 4167], 'culture,': [115, 399], 'but': [116, 175, 400, 459, 824, 3243, 4066, 4079, 4169], 'not': [117, 401, 827, 3244, 3330, 3964, 4067, 4123, 4170, 4195, 4497, 4584], 'control,': [119, 403], 'deletions,': [122, 406, 3198, 4135, 4192], 'as': [123, 407, 871, 1151, 1373, 1376, 1422, 1424, 1506, 1508, 1841, 2350, 2541, 2627, 3008, 3010, 3232, 3324, 3346, 3495, 3497, 3527, 4041, 4303, 4437, 4444], 'detected': [124, 408, 3571, 4152], 'Southern': [127, 411, 2531, 4140, 4615], 'blotting': [128, 412, 4141, 4616], 'long': [131, 415, 655, 1374, 2409, 3201, 3983, 4002, 4129, 4428, 4485], 'extension': [132, 416, 2462], 'polymerase': [133, 417, 2013], 'chain': [134, 418, 597], 'reaction.': [135, 419], '4-h': [137, 421, 2116, 2585, 3237], 'growth': [138, 422], 'thymidine-supplemented': [140, 424, 3180, 4064], 'medium,': [141, 425], 'we': [142, 426, 1406, 1434, 2952, 2990, 3005, 3024, 3175, 3421, 3569, 3628, 3986, 4011, 4046, 4110, 4136, 4151, 4522], 'found': [143, 427, 3224], 'dTTP': [146, 169, 254, 430, 453, 538, 3147, 3257, 3286, 3525, 3700, 3739], 'dGTP': [148, 171, 256, 432, 455, 540, 3259, 3288, 3461, 3482, 3595, 3702, 3720], 'pools': [149, 172, 264, 433, 456, 548, 748, 838, 1182, 1358, 1372, 1740, 1966, 2727, 3228, 3250, 3260, 3289, 3302, 3334, 3508, 3710, 4185], 'to': [150, 156, 163, 243, 434, 440, 447, 527, 675, 943, 1078, 1567, 1577, 1663, 1939, 2107, 2217, 2220, 2309, 2401, 2481, 2513, 2552, 2603, 2661, 2708, 2897, 2931, 3146, 3166, 3229, 3239, 3277, 3304, 3398, 3582, 3591, 3689, 3937, 3991, 4005, 4057, 4095, 4370, 4388, 4391, 4425, 4431, 4559, 4564], 'expand': [151, 435, 2408], 'significantly,': [152, 158, 436, 442], 'dCTP': [154, 182, 438, 466, 3274, 3301, 3491, 3598, 4406, 4494], 'pool': [155, 162, 183, 191, 439, 446, 467, 475, 773, 1074, 1657, 2356, 2687, 2693, 3152, 3269, 3275, 3408, 3469, 3520, 3625, 3740, 3969, 4310, 4562, 4596], 'drop': [157, 164, 441, 448], 'dATP': [161, 190, 259, 445, 474, 543, 3268, 3299, 3489, 3705, 3722], 'slightly.': [165, 449], 'In': [166, 450, 1139, 2697, 3254, 3558, 4106, 4318], 'whole-cell': [167, 451, 2354, 3219, 3252, 3255, 3418, 3471], 'extracts,': [168, 452], 'also': [173, 457], 'expanded,': [174, 458], 'somewhat': [176, 460], 'less': [177, 461], 'than': [178, 462, 3062, 3248, 3339, 3394, 3487], 'mitochondria.': [180, 464, 855], 'The': [181, 465, 568, 1531, 1912, 1935, 1947, 2177, 2279, 2323, 2344, 2427, 2476, 2656, 3594, 4399, 4504], 'shrank': [184, 468], 'about': [186, 470, 2272, 4157], '50%,': [187, 471], 'was': [192, 476, 1403, 1864, 1889, 1894, 1915, 1937, 1949, 1970, 2042, 2055, 2105, 2120, 2180, 2215, 2234, 2253, 2282, 2307, 2316, 2326, 2361, 2387, 2399, 2519, 2539, 2550, 2574, 2589, 2596, 2659, 3206, 3270, 4101], 'essentially': [193, 477], 'unchanged.': [194, 478], 'These': [195, 479, 3666], 'results': [196, 480, 3214], 'discussed': [198, 482], 'terms': [200, 484], 'of': [201, 247, 253, 485, 531, 537, 589, 594, 682, 743, 755, 845, 1179, 1190, 1355, 1361, 1369, 1418, 1441, 1464, 1565, 1574, 1581, 1650, 1747, 1811, 1859, 1872, 1901, 1963, 1975, 2009, 2069, 2111, 2129, 2132, 2189, 2224, 2240, 2258, 2274, 2296, 2303, 2332, 2431, 2442, 2463, 2547, 2679, 2684, 2692, 2712, 2724, 2735, 2901, 2912, 2934, 2957, 2964, 2970, 2995, 3013, 3069, 3128, 3136, 3196, 3215, 3235, 3309, 3349, 3405, 3414, 3473, 3502, 3531, 3540, 3693, 3699, 3752, 3847, 3971, 3982, 4189, 4264, 4268, 4316, 4357, 4364, 4372, 4401, 4416, 4440, 4488, 4502, 4506, 4606], 'recent': [203, 487, 3559], 'report': [204, 488], 'Nishigaki': [206, 490, 1627, 3638, 4285, 4334, 4460], '(Nishigaki,': [209, 493], 'Y.,': [210, 494], 'Copeland,': [213, 497], 'W.': [214, 498], 'C.,': [215, 499], '(2003)': [219, 503], 'Clin.': [221, 505, 1521, 3650, 3818], 'Invest.': [222, 506, 1522, 3651, 3819], '111,': [223, 507], '1913–1921)': [224, 508], 'most': [226, 510, 2302, 3670], 'involve': [233, 517, 3677, 4537], 'T': [234, 249, 280, 518, 533, 564, 3678, 3695, 3735], '→': [235, 519, 3679], 'C': [236, 520, 3680], 'transitions': [237, 521, 3681], 'sequences': [239, 523, 3683], 'containing': [240, 524, 3684, 4380], 'two': [241, 525, 1850, 3687, 3745, 4414], 'As': [242, 526, 3420, 3688, 3828, 4146], '5′': [245, 529, 3691, 3750], 'side': [246, 530, 3692, 3751], 'a': [248, 268, 276, 532, 552, 560, 573, 740, 768, 1921, 1940, 2108, 2115, 2127, 2221, 2267, 2460, 2470, 2484, 2516, 2566, 2577, 2592, 3016, 3030, 3126, 3151, 3200, 3233, 3236, 3347, 3514, 3575, 3609, 3694, 3714, 3730, 4038, 4098, 4112, 4143, 4153, 4180, 4204, 4381, 4438, 4529, 4565], 'residue.': [250, 534, 3696], 'Our': [251, 535, 1364, 3039, 3697], 'finding': [252, 536], 'elevations': [257, 541, 3120, 3703], 'depletion': [260, 544, 1463, 3599, 3706, 4495], 'dNTP': [263, 547, 837, 1073, 1145, 1357, 1371, 1739, 1832, 1965, 2061, 2074, 2355, 2673, 2686, 2705, 2905, 2921, 3014, 3032, 3073, 3188, 3216, 3227, 3333, 3400, 3468, 3507, 3519, 3709, 3759, 3933, 4184, 4309, 4367, 4420, 4518, 4549], 'consistent': [266, 550, 3607, 3712, 4114], 'mutagenic': [269, 553, 1077, 1103, 3715, 4566], 'mechanism': [270, 554, 3716, 4567], 'involving': [271, 279, 555, 563, 3717], 'T-G': [272, 556], 'mispairing': [273, 557], 'followed': [274, 558, 1925, 2438, 3728], 'next-nucleotide': [277, 561, 1110, 3731], 'effect': [278, 562, 2068, 3501], 'insertion': [281, 565, 1107], 'opposite': [282, 566, 3725, 3743], 'A.': [283, 567, 932, 975, 1035, 1163, 1203, 1227, 1237, 1270, 1282, 1476, 1550, 1586, 1592, 1594, 1669, 1682, 1688, 1690, 2752, 2771, 2781, 2814, 2826, 3078, 3084, 3086, 3544, 3779, 3859, 3869, 3902, 3914, 3953, 4225], 'human': [569, 1192, 2737], 'genome': [571, 2406], '16.6-kbp': [574], 'double-stranded': [575], 'circular': [576], 'molecule': [578, 4156], 'encodes': [580], '22': [581], 'tRNAs,': [582], '2': [583, 1028, 1425, 2294, 3035], 'rRNAs,': [584], '13': [586], 'polypeptides,': [587], 'all': [588, 1906, 4107], 'essential': [592], 'proteins': [593], 'respiratory': [596], 'enzyme': [598, 2556], 'complexes': [599], '(1Anderson': [600], 'S.': [601, 931, 974, 1057, 1162, 1233, 1260, 1498, 1596, 1692, 2777, 2804, 3088, 3801, 3865, 3892, 3952, 4224, 4284, 4333, 4459], 'Bankier': [602], 'A.T.': [603, 4248], 'Barrell': [604], 'B.G.': [605], 'de': [606], 'Bruijn': [607], 'M.H.': [608], 'Coulson': [609], 'A.R.': [610], 'Drouin': [611], 'Eperon': [613], 'I.C.': [614], 'Nierlich': [615], 'D.P.': [616], 'Roe': [617], 'B.A.': [618, 1081], 'Sanger': [619], 'F.': [620, 923, 966, 1327, 2868], 'Schreier': [621], 'P.H.': [622], 'Smith': [623, 4251], 'A.J.': [624], 'Staden': [625], 'R.': [626, 1276, 1305, 1515, 1588, 1626, 1684, 2820, 2846, 3080, 3644, 3812, 3908, 4278, 4327, 4453], 'Young': [627], 'I.G.': [628], 'Nature.': [629], '1981;': [630], '290:': [631], '457-465Crossref': [632], 'PubMed': [633, 696, 710, 735, 787, 805, 821, 891, 936, 979, 1008, 1047, 1063, 1097, 1125, 1136, 1167, 1210, 1242, 1294, 1339, 1393, 1503, 1526, 1557, 1618, 1638, 1676, 1714, 1988, 2149, 2374, 2759, 2786, 2838, 2880, 2947, 2987, 3057, 3110, 3363, 3382, 3442, 3456, 3553, 3655, 3806, 3823, 3874, 3926, 3957, 4229, 4257, 4298, 4347, 4473], 'Scopus': [634, 697, 711, 736, 892, 937, 980, 1009, 1048, 1064, 1098, 1168, 1211, 1243, 1295, 1340, 1527, 1558, 1619, 1639, 1677, 1715, 1989, 2375, 2760, 2787, 2839, 2881, 2948, 3111, 3364, 3383, 3443, 3457, 3554, 3656, 3824, 3875, 3927, 3958, 4230, 4299, 4348, 4474], '(7684)': [635], 'Google': [636, 699, 713, 738, 788, 806, 822, 894, 939, 982, 1011, 1050, 1066, 1100, 1126, 1137, 1170, 1213, 1245, 1297, 1342, 1394, 1504, 1529, 1560, 1621, 1641, 1679, 1717, 1991, 2150, 2377, 2762, 2789, 2841, 2883, 2950, 2988, 3058, 3113, 3366, 3385, 3445, 3459, 3556, 3658, 3807, 3826, 3877, 3929, 3960, 4232, 4258, 4301, 4350, 4476], 'Scholar).': [637, 714, 895, 1012, 1067, 1138, 1171, 1343, 1395, 1530, 1561, 1642, 1718, 1992, 2151, 2378, 2655, 2884, 3557, 3827, 3930, 4477], '(mtDNA),': [640], '1The': [641], 'abbreviations': [642], 'used': [643, 2914], 'are:': [644], 'mtDNA,': [645], 'DNA;': [647], 'dNTP,': [648], '5′-triphosphate;': [650], 'dNDP,': [651], '5′-diphosphate;': [653], 'LX,': [654], 'extension;': [656], 'MNGIE,': [657, 2740], 'encephalomyopathy;': [660], 'TP,': [661], 'usually': [666], 'present': [667], '2–10': [669], 'copies': [670, 677], 'per': [671, 678, 1870, 2032, 2053], 'mitochondrion': [672, 988], '103': [674], '104': [676], 'cell,': [679], 'comprises': [680], '∼1%': [681], 'total': [683, 2548, 3467, 4418], 'cellular': [684, 2685], '(2Shadel': [686], 'G.S.': [687], 'Clayton': [688, 726, 810], 'D.A.': [689, 702, 727, 811, 4216], 'Annu.': [690, 703, 3547], 'Rev.': [691, 704, 3548], 'Biochem.': [692, 1001, 1631, 1984, 2370, 2943, 3549], '1997;': [693, 1039], '66:': [694], '409-435Crossref': [695], '(819)': [698], 'Scholar,': [700, 789, 807, 1051, 1127, 1246, 1680, 2763, 2790, 2842, 3367, 3446, 3808, 3878], '3Clayton': [701], 'Cell': [705, 1750, 2051, 4292, 4341, 4467], '1991;': [707], '7:': [708], '453-478Crossref': [709], '(533)': [712], 'Since': [715], 'replication': [717, 752, 3158, 3391, 3397, 4378, 4441], 'continuous,': [719], 'even': [720, 4579], 'post-mitotic': [722], '(4Bogenhagen': [724], 'D.': [725, 809, 1278, 2822, 3910], 'Cell.': [728], '1977;': [729], '11:': [730], '719-727Abstract': [731], 'Full': [732, 784, 802, 818, 886, 888, 1042, 1044, 1122, 1390, 1613, 1615, 1709, 1711, 3054, 3105, 3107, 3377, 3379, 3437, 3439], 'Text': [733, 785, 803, 819, 887, 889, 1043, 1045, 1123, 1391, 1614, 1616, 1710, 1712, 3055, 3106, 3108, 3378, 3380, 3438, 3440], 'PDF': [734, 786, 804, 820, 890, 1046, 1124, 1392, 1617, 1713, 3056, 3109, 3381, 3441], '(226)': [737], 'Scholar),': [739, 823, 983, 1101, 1214, 1298, 2951, 2989, 3460, 3961, 4259], 'constant': [741], 'supply': [742], 'nucleotides': [744], 'balanced': [746], 'nucleotide': [747, 1181, 1656, 2726, 2890, 4359, 4540], 'required': [750, 3060], 'maintenance': [754], 'genome.': [758], 'It': [759, 1068, 1643, 4422], 'has': [760, 1174, 1644], 'been': [761, 1645, 4261, 4273], 'shown': [762, 4042, 4147, 4524], 'dNTPs': [764, 830, 851, 857, 898, 944, 1420, 2913], 'within': [765, 832, 854, 945, 986, 1022, 1741, 3148], 'mitochondria': [766, 833, 1014, 1742, 2123, 2311, 2996, 3028, 3338, 3353, 3574, 3602], 'comprise': [767], 'metabolically': [769], 'physically': [771], 'distinct': [772], '(5Bestwick': [774], 'R.K.': [775, 791, 1379, 3043], 'Mathews': [776, 794, 999, 1086, 1382, 3046, 3429, 3449], 'C.K.': [777, 795, 1000, 1087, 1383, 3047, 3430, 3450], '1982;': [781, 799, 1387, 3051], '257:': [782, 800, 1388, 3052], '9305-9308Abstract': [783], '6Bestwick': [790], 'Moffett': [792, 1380, 3044], 'G.L.': [793, 1381, 3045], '9300-9304Abstract': [801, 1389, 3053], '7Bogenhagen': [808], '1976;': [815, 2371], '251:': [816], '2938-2944Abstract': [817], 'it': [825, 2894, 3962, 4544, 4588], 'clear': [828], 'how': [829, 835, 3967], 'arise': [831, 853], 'nor': [834], 'regulated.': [840], 'Evidence': [841], 'supports': [842], 'existence': [844], 'four': [846], 'different': [847, 3411], 'pathways': [848], 'could': [852, 858, 899, 951, 1015, 3143, 3155, 3978, 4434], 'First,': [856, 3323, 4511], 'be': [859, 900, 909, 952, 3144, 3999, 4386, 4555], 'synthesized': [860], 'cytosol': [863], 'taken': [865, 910, 953], 'up': [866, 911, 954], 'specific': [868, 2910, 4561, 4586], 'transport': [869], 'systems': [870], '(8Bridges': [874], 'E.G.': [875], 'Jiang': [876], 'Z.': [877], 'Cheng': [878], 'Y-C.': [879], '1999;': [883, 1060, 1207, 1554, 1673, 2756, 3360, 3374], '274:': [884], '4620-4625Abstract': [885], '(60)': [893], 'Second,': [896, 3402, 4542], 'cytosolic': [897], 'dephosphorylated': [901], 'then': [903, 984, 1019, 1800, 4030], 'corresponding': [905, 2602, 3310], 'diphosphates': [907, 950], '(dNDPs)': [908], 'deoxynucleotide': [914, 957], 'transporter': [915], '(9Dolce': [916, 959], 'V.': [917, 960, 1225, 1252, 2769, 2796, 3857, 3884], 'Fiermonte': [918, 961, 1310, 2851], 'G.': [919, 962, 1231, 1264, 1307, 1311, 1472, 2775, 2808, 2848, 2852, 3775, 3863, 3896], 'Runswick': [920, 963], 'M.J.': [921, 964, 1303, 2844, 4252], 'Palmieri': [922, 965, 1326, 2867], 'Walker': [924, 967], 'J.E.': [925, 968], 'Proc.': [926, 969, 1157, 3947, 4219], 'Natl.': [927, 970, 1158, 3948, 4220], 'Acad.': [928, 971, 1159, 3949, 4221], 'Sci.': [929, 972, 1160, 3950, 4222], 'U.': [930, 973, 1161, 3951, 4223], '2001;': [933, 976, 1291, 2835, 3923, 4295, 4344, 4470], '98:': [934, 977], '2284-2288Crossref': [935, 978], '(163)': [938, 981], 'Scholar)': [940, 1505, 1622, 3059, 3114, 3386, 3659, 4233, 4302, 4351], 'converted': [942], 'mitochondrion.': [947], 'Third,': [948, 3499, 4578], 'ribonucleoside': [949], 'carrier': [958], 'reduced': [985], 'ribonucleotide': [991, 3511, 3535, 3576, 3586, 3614], 'reductase': [992, 3512, 3536, 3577, 3587], '(10Young': [993], 'P.': [994, 3546], 'Leeds': [995], 'J.M.': [996, 4208], 'Slabaugh': [997], 'M.B.': [998], 'Biophys.': [1002, 1632], 'Res.': [1003, 1093, 1633, 3359, 3452], 'Commun.': [1004, 1634], '1994;': [1005, 1094, 1500, 3803], '203:': [1006], '46-52Crossref': [1007], '(33)': [1010], 'Fourth,': [1013], 'directly': [1016], 'import': [1017], 'deoxyribonucleosides,': [1018], 'phosphorylate': [1020], 'them': [1021], 'organelle': [1024, 3019], 'kinase': [1027, 1031], 'deoxyguanosine': [1030], '(11Johansson': [1032], 'Karlsson': [1034], '272:': [1040], '8454-8458Abstract': [1041], '(102)': [1049], '12Wang': [1052], 'Chattopadhyaya': [1054], 'Eriksson': [1056], 'Nucleosides': [1058], 'Nucleotides.': [1059], '18:': [1061], '807-810Crossref': [1062], '(9)': [1065], 'well': [1070, 1152, 1507, 4546], 'established': [1071], 'imbalances': [1075, 1146, 4311], '(13Kunz': [1080], 'Kohalmi': [1082], 'S.E.': [1083], 'Kunkel': [1084, 1155, 3945], 'T.A.': [1085, 1113, 1156, 3946, 4244], 'McIntosh': [1088], 'E.M.': [1089, 1323, 2864], 'Reidy': [1090], 'J.A.': [1091, 1982, 2941], 'Mutat.': [1092, 3451], '318:': [1095], '1-64Crossref': [1096], '(78)': [1099], 'mechanisms': [1104], 'including': [1105, 1194, 2739, 4203], 'errors': [1108, 3159], 'effects': [1111, 1737, 2691], '(14Kunkel': [1112], 'Alexander': [1114], 'P.S.': [1115], '1986;': [1119], '261:': [1120], '160-166Abstract': [1121], '15Goodman': [1128], 'M.F.': [1129], 'Fygenson': [1130], 'D.K.': [1131], 'Genetics.': [1132, 4253], '1998;': [1133, 3550], '148:': [1134], '1475-1482Crossref': [1135], 'vitro': [1140, 3942], 'studies': [1141, 1446], 'demonstrated': [1143], 'can': [1147, 3006, 3025, 3630, 4312, 4569], 'induce': [1148, 4313], 'frameshift': [1149, 3939], '(16Bebenek': [1153, 3943], 'K.': [1154, 1254, 2798, 3565, 3886, 3944], '1990;': [1164, 3954, 4254], '87:': [1165, 3955], '4946-4950Crossref': [1166, 3956], '(132)': [1169, 3959], 'Recent': [1172, 2718], 'evidence': [1173, 2719], 'suggested': [1175], 'imbalance': [1178, 2694, 2723, 3153, 4597], 'plays': [1183, 3513], 'important': [1185, 2730], 'role': [1186, 3516, 3611], 'pathogenesis': [1189, 2734], 'several': [1191, 2736], 'diseases,': [1193, 2738], '(MNGIE;': [1198], 'Ref.': [1199, 1546, 1584], '17Nishino': [1200, 1547], 'I.': [1201, 1319, 1486, 1548, 1590, 1598, 1667, 1686, 1694, 2750, 2860, 3082, 3090, 3789, 4288, 4337, 4463], 'Hirano': [1204, 1518, 1551, 1605, 1629, 1670, 1701, 2753, 3097, 3647, 3815, 4321, 4447], 'Science.': [1206, 1238, 1553, 1672, 2755, 2782, 3870], '283:': [1208, 1555, 1674, 2757], '689-692Crossref': [1209, 1556, 1675, 2758], '(752)': [1212, 1559, 1678, 2761], 'dominant': [1216, 2742], 'progressive': [1217, 2743], 'external': [1218, 2744], 'ophthalmoplegia': [1219], '(18Kaukonen': [1220, 3852], 'Juselius': [1222, 2766, 3854], 'Tiranti': [1224, 1251, 2768, 2795, 3856, 3883], 'Kyttala': [1226, 2770, 3858], 'Zeviani': [1228, 1285, 2772, 2829, 3860, 3917], 'Comi': [1230, 1263, 2774, 2807, 3862, 3895], 'Keranen': [1232, 2776, 3864], 'Peltonen': [1234, 2778, 3866], 'L.': [1235, 1266, 1268, 1494, 2779, 2810, 2812, 3797, 3867, 3898, 3900], 'Suomalainen': [1236, 1281, 2780, 2825, 3868, 3913], '2000;': [1239, 2783, 3871], '289:': [1240, 2784, 3872], '782-785Crossref': [1241, 2785, 3873], '(530)': [1244, 2788, 3876], '19Spelbrink': [1247, 2791, 3879], 'J.N.': [1248, 2792, 3880], 'Li': [1249, 2793, 3881], 'F.Y.': [1250, 2794, 3882], 'Nikali': [1253, 2797, 3885], 'Yuan': [1255, 2799, 3887], 'Q.P.': [1256, 2800, 3888], 'Tariq': [1257, 2801, 3889], 'Wanrooij': [1259, 2803, 3891], 'Garrido': [1261, 2805, 3893], 'N.': [1262, 2806, 3894], 'Morandi': [1265, 2809, 3897], 'Santoro': [1267, 2811, 3899], 'Toscano': [1269, 2813, 3901], 'Fabrizi': [1271, 2815, 3903], 'G.M.': [1272, 2816, 3904], 'Somer': [1273, 2817, 3905], 'H.': [1274, 1492, 2818, 3795, 3906], 'Croxen': [1275, 2819, 3907], 'Beeson': [1277, 2821, 3909], 'Poulton': [1279, 2823, 3911], 'Jacobs': [1283, 2827, 3915], 'H.T.': [1284, 2828, 3916], 'Larsson': [1287, 2831, 3919], 'C.': [1288, 1478, 2832, 3564, 3781, 3920, 4280, 4329, 4455], 'Nat.': [1289, 1334, 2833, 2875, 3921], 'Genet.': [1290, 1335, 2834, 2876, 3373, 3922], '28:': [1292, 2836, 3924], '223-231Crossref': [1293, 2837, 3925], '(698)': [1296, 2840, 3928], 'Amish': [1300, 2747], 'microcephaly': [1301, 2748], '(20Rosenberg': [1302], 'Agarwala': [1304, 2845], 'Bouffard': [1306, 2847], 'Davis': [1308, 2849], 'Hilliard': [1312, 2853], 'M.S.': [1313, 2854], 'Koch': [1314, 2855], 'T.': [1315, 2638, 2856, 4290, 4339, 4465], 'Kalikin': [1316, 2857], 'L.M.': [1317, 2858], 'Makalowska': [1318, 2859], 'Morton': [1320, 2861], 'D.H.': [1321, 2862], 'Petty': [1322, 2863], 'Weber': [1324, 2865], 'J.L.': [1325, 2866], 'Kelley': [1328, 2869], 'R.I.': [1329, 2870], 'Schaffer': [1330, 2871], 'A.A.': [1331, 2872], 'Biesecker': [1332, 2873], 'L.G.': [1333, 2874], '2002;': [1336, 1610, 1706, 2877, 3102, 3453], '32:': [1337, 2878], '175-179Crossref': [1338, 2879], '(126)': [1341, 2882], 'So': [1344], 'far,': [1345], 'however,': [1346, 3619], 'there': [1347, 3831], 'no': [1349, 2998], 'published': [1350], 'data': [1351, 4177, 4400], 'reporting': [1352], 'direct': [1353, 1367, 4396], 'analysis': [1354, 2922], 'any': [1360], 'these': [1362, 1431, 2714, 3003, 4176, 4265], 'conditions.': [1363, 4007], 'laboratory': [1365, 4608], 'described': [1366, 1842, 2351, 2542, 2628, 4274], 'measurement': [1368], 'ago': [1375], '1982': [1377], '(6Bestwick': [1378, 3042], 'However,': [1396, 3343, 3477], 'measurements': [1398, 1417], 'were': [1399, 1754, 1793, 1814, 1839, 1853, 1877, 1910, 2079, 2124, 2159, 2245, 2264, 2277, 2347, 2417, 2479, 2511, 2624, 4093], 'laborious,': [1400], 'progress': [1402], 'slow.': [1404], 'Recently': [1405], 'modified': [1408, 1432, 1768, 2088], 'our': [1409, 2993], 'analytical': [1410], 'procedures': [1411, 2346], 'dNTPs,': [1413], 'allowing': [1414], 'reliable': [1416], 'from': [1421, 1445, 2161, 2383, 2535, 3034, 3133, 3320, 3412, 3603, 3663, 3736, 4034, 4055, 4480], 'few': [1423], '×': [1426, 1933, 2154, 3036], '108': [1427, 2155, 3037], 'cultured': [1428, 1840, 3176, 3474, 4012], 'cells.': [1429, 3038, 3315, 3342, 3476], 'Using': [1430, 4037], 'techniques,': [1433], 'explored,': [1436], 'cells,': [1439], 'some': [1440, 2924], 'predictions': [1443], 'made': [1444], 'on': [1447, 2072, 2230, 2483, 2695, 3072, 3748, 4198], 'one': [1448, 4365], 'disorder,': [1450], 'MNGIE.': [1451], 'skeletal': [1467], 'muscle': [1468], '(21Hirano': [1469, 3772], 'Silvestri': [1471, 3774], 'Blake': [1473, 3776], 'D.M.': [1474, 3777], 'Lombes': [1475, 3778], 'Minetti': [1477, 3780], 'Bonilla': [1479, 3782], 'E.': [1480, 1600, 1696, 3092, 3783], 'Hays': [1481, 3784], 'A.P.': [1482, 3785], 'Lovelace': [1483, 3786], 'R.E.': [1484, 3787], 'Butler': [1485, 3788], 'Bertorini': [1487, 3790], 'T.E.': [1488, 3791], 'Threlkeld': [1489, 3792], 'A.B.': [1490, 3793], 'Mitsumoto': [1491, 3794], 'Salberg': [1493, 3796], 'Rowland': [1495, 3798], 'L.P.': [1496, 3799], 'DiMauro': [1497, 3800], 'Neurology.': [1499, 3802], '44:': [1501, 3804], '721-727Crossref': [1502, 3805], '(22Nishigaki': [1512, 3641], 'Y.': [1513, 1628, 3642, 3810, 4286, 4335, 4461], 'Marti': [1514, 1587, 1683, 3079, 3643, 3811, 4277, 4326, 4452], 'Copeland': [1516, 3645, 3813], 'W.C.': [1517, 3646, 3814], '2003;': [1523, 1635, 3652, 3820], '111:': [1524, 3653, 3821], '1913-1921Crossref': [1525, 3654, 3822], '(165)': [1528, 3657, 3825], 'disease': [1532, 3834], 'caused': [1534], 'loss-of-function': [1536], 'encoding': [1542], 'phosphorylase': [1544], '(TP;': [1545], 'TP': [1562, 1575], 'catalyzes': [1563], 'phosphorolysis': [1564], 'thymine': [1568], 'deoxyribose': [1570], '1-phosphate.': [1571], 'A': [1572, 2641, 3746, 4478], 'deficiency': [1573, 3135], 'leads': [1576], 'increased': [1578, 1648, 2954, 3290], '(dThd;': [1583], '23Spinazzola': [1585, 1681], 'Nishino': [1589, 1685, 3081, 4287, 4336, 4462], 'Andreu': [1591, 1687, 3083], 'Naini': [1593, 1689, 3085], 'Tadesse': [1595, 1691, 3087, 4283, 4332, 4458], 'Pela': [1597, 1693, 3089], 'Zammarchi': [1599, 1695, 3091], 'Donati': [1601, 1697, 3093], 'Oliver': [1603, 1699, 3095], '277:': [1611, 1707, 3103], '4128-4133Abstract': [1612, 1708, 3104], '(196)': [1620, 1716, 3112], 'deoxyuridine': [1624], '(24Marti': [1625], '303:': [1636], '14-18Crossref': [1637], '(84)': [1640], 'postulated': [1646], 'dThd': [1651], 'cause': [1654], 'imbalances,': [1658], 'which,': [1659], 'turn,': [1661], 'lead': [1662, 4369], 'abnormalities': [1665, 3838, 4538], '(17Nishino': [1666, 2749], 'observing': [1735], 'upon': [1738, 1744, 1972, 3187, 3504], 'generation': [1746, 3195, 3846, 4501], 'deletions.': [1749, 3984, 4503], 'Culture—HeLa': [1751], 'S3': [1752, 1837, 2077, 2157], 'routinely': [1755], 'grown': [1756, 2080, 4062, 4070, 4164], 'at': [1757, 1879, 1931, 1956, 2048, 2338, 2435, 2466, 2488, 2665, 3207, 3685, 4395], '37': [1758, 2049], '°C': [1759, 1881, 1958, 2340, 2444, 2449, 2455, 2468, 2667], '95%': [1761], 'air': [1762], '5%': [1764, 1773, 2093], 'CO2': [1765], "Dulbecco's": [1767, 2087], "Eagle's": [1769, 2089], 'dialyzed': [1774], 'fetal': [1775, 2094], 'bovine': [1776, 2095, 2206], 'serum': [1777, 2207], '(Hyclone,': [1778], 'Logan,': [1779], 'UT),': [1780], 'or': [1782, 2036, 3018, 3490, 4025], 'without': [1783, 4026, 4080], 'When': [1787, 1805], 'cultures': [1788, 2099], 'became': [1789, 2895], '80–90%': [1790], 'confluent,': [1791], 'washed': [1794, 1854, 1895, 2171, 2289, 2657], 'twice': [1795, 2172, 2290], 'phosphate-buffered': [1797, 1861, 2175], 'saline': [1798], 'collected': [1801], 'after': [1802, 2300, 2584, 4407], 'trypsin': [1803, 2168], 'treatment.': [1804], 'needed': [1806], 'extraction,': [1809], '80%': [1810, 2273], 'those': [1812], 'pelleted,': [1815], 'remaining': [1818, 2314, 2345], 'being': [1820, 1826], 'subcultured': [1821], 'culture': [1824, 2084, 2165, 4168, 4527], 'changed': [1827], 'every': [1828], '3': [1829, 1868, 1918, 4158], 'days.': [1830], 'Whole-cell': [1831], 'Pool': [1833, 2062], 'Extraction': [1834, 1863, 2063, 2674], 'Analysis—HeLa': [1836], 'above.': [1843, 2543], 'For': [1844], 'each': [1845, 1858, 1892, 1968, 3066], 'analysis,': [1846, 4521], '100-mm': [1851], 'plates': [1852], '5': [1856, 2183, 2196, 2545], 'ml': [1857, 1869, 1900, 2184, 2239, 2257, 2295, 2331], 'cold': [1860, 2185], 'saline.': [1862, 2176], 'carried': [1865, 2043, 2625, 3987], 'out': [1866, 2044, 2626, 3988], 'plate': [1871, 1893], 'ice-cold': [1873, 2174, 2333], '60%': [1874, 1902, 2334], 'methanol.': [1875, 1903], 'Plates': [1876], 'incubated': [1878, 2337], '–20': [1880, 1957, 2339], '1': [1883, 1899, 2201, 2330, 2342, 3211, 4056, 4403], 'h,': [1884], 'following': [1885], 'fluid': [1888], 'recovered': [1890], 'additional': [1898], 'Following': [1904], 'this,': [1905], 'suspensions': [1907], 'washes': [1909], 'pooled.': [1911], 'pooled': [1913], 'suspension': [1914, 2219, 2233, 2306, 2315], 'heated': [1916], 'min': [1919, 1930, 2047, 2465, 2493], 'boiling': [1922], 'water': [1923, 1953], 'bath,': [1924], 'centrifugation': [1927, 2286], '15': [1929, 2446], '17,000': [1932], 'g.': [1934], 'supernatant': [1936], 'transferred': [1938], 'fresh': [1941], 'tube': [1942], 'dried': [1944], 'under': [1945, 4490], 'vacuum.': [1946], 'residue': [1948], 'dissolved': [1950], 'sterile': [1952], 'stored': [1955], 'later': [1960, 2319], 'analysis.': [1961, 3067], 'Analysis': [1962], 'extract': [1969], 'based': [1971], 'method': [1974, 2366, 2919, 2959], 'Sherman': [1976, 2935], 'Fyfe': [1978, 1981, 2937, 2940], '(25Sherman': [1979, 2938], 'P.A.': [1980, 2939], 'Anal.': [1983, 2369, 2942], '1989;': [1985, 2944, 4226], '180:': [1986, 2945], '222-226Crossref': [1987, 2946], '(195)': [1990, 2949], 'Reaction': [1993], 'mixtures': [1994], '(50': [1995], 'μl)': [1996], 'contained': [1997], '100': [1998, 2489], 'mm': [1999, 2005, 2191, 2194, 2197, 2202], 'HEPES': [2000], 'buffer,': [2001, 2187, 2242], 'pH': [2002, 2199], '7.5,': [2003], '10': [2004, 2256, 2457], 'MgCl2,': [2006], '0.1': [2007], 'unit': [2008], 'Escherichia': [2010], 'coli': [2011], 'I': [2014], 'Klenow': [2015], 'fragment': [2016], '(United': [2017], 'States': [2018], 'Biochemical),': [2019], '0.25': [2020], 'oligonucleotide': [2022], 'template,': [2023], '0.67': [2025], '[3H]dATP': [2027], '(30': [2028], 'Ci/mmol;': [2029], '1.0': [2030], 'μCi': [2031], 'assay;': [2033], 'Amersham': [2034, 2581], 'Biosciences)': [2035], '[3H]dTTP': [2037], '(PerkinElmer': [2038, 2473], 'Life': [2039, 2474], 'Sciences).': [2040, 2475], 'Incubation': [2041], '60': [2046, 2448], '°C.': [2050], 'number': [2052], 'sample': [2054], 'determined': [2056, 2362, 3183], 'hemocytometer': [2058], 'counting.': [2059], 'Analysis—To': [2065], 'determine': [2066, 3007, 3992], 'treatment': [2071, 2169, 3328, 4132], '150-mm': [2082, 2163], 'tissue': [2083, 2164], 'dishes': [2085, 2166], 'serum.': [2096], 'Once': [2097], 'had': [2100], 'reached': [2101], '70–80%': [2102], 'confluence,': [2103], 'added': [2106, 2216], 'final': [2109, 2222, 2461], 'concentration': [2110, 2223, 2360], 'μm.': [2113, 3209], 'treatment,': [2117], 'removed': [2121], 'prepared': [2125], 'modification': [2128], 'methods': [2131, 2903, 2969, 4515], 'Trounce': [2133, 2971], '(26Trounce': [2136, 2974], 'I.A.': [2137, 2975], 'Kim': [2138, 2976], 'Y.L.': [2139, 2977], 'Jun': [2140, 2978], 'A.S.': [2141, 2979, 4212], 'Wallace': [2142, 2980, 4217], 'D.C.': [2143, 2981, 4218], 'Methods': [2144, 2982], 'Enzymol.': [2145, 2983], '1996;': [2146, 2984], '264:': [2147, 2985], '484-509Crossref': [2148, 2986], 'Briefly,': [2152], '∼2': [2153], 'harvested': [2160], 'eight': [2162], 'cell': [2178, 2251, 2385, 2537, 3017, 3480, 3585, 4526], 'pellet': [2179, 2252, 2310, 2325], 'resuspended': [2181, 2254, 2292, 2328], 'isolation': [2186, 2241, 2259, 2297], 'consisting': [2188], '220': [2190], 'mannitol,': [2192], '70': [2193], 'sucrose,': [2195], 'HEPES,': [2198], '7.2,': [2200], 'EGTA,': [2203], '0.5%': [2205], 'albumin': [2208], '(fatty': [2209], 'acid-free).': [2210], 'Then': [2211, 2249], '10%': [2212], 'digitonin': [2213], 'solution': [2214], '0.3': [2225], 'mg/ml.': [2226], '5-min': [2228], 'incubation': [2229], 'ice,': [2231], 'diluted': [2235], 'adding': [2237], '20': [2238], 'pelleted': [2246], 'centrifugation.': [2248], 'buffer': [2260], 'disrupted': [2265], 'motor-driven': [2268], 'glass-Teflon': [2269], 'homogenizer': [2270], 'until': [2271], 'broken.': [2278], 'fraction': [2281], 'isolated': [2283, 2388, 2540], 'differential': [2285], 'subsequently': [2288], 'buffer.': [2298], 'Immediately': [2299], 'that,': [2301], 'centrifuged': [2308], 'saved': [2317], 'protein': [2321], 'determination.': [2322], 'immediately': [2327, 3965], 'methanol': [2335], 'h.': [2343], 'same': [2349, 4073, 4077], 'extraction': [2357, 4519], 'procedures.': [2358], 'Protein': [2359], 'Bradford': [2365], '(27Bradford': [2367], 'M.M.': [2368], '72:': [2372], '248-254Crossref': [2373], '(217544)': [2376], 'Long': [2379], 'Extension': [2380], 'PCR—Total': [2381], 'samples': [2386, 2538], 'using': [2390, 2407, 2521, 2600, 2613, 4103], 'Wizard®': [2392], 'genomic': [2393], 'purification': [2395], 'kit': [2396], '(Promega).': [2397], 'LX-PCR': [2398, 2518, 4039, 4100], 'performed': [2400, 2520, 4102], 'amplify': [2402], 'whole': [2404, 3341], 'template': [2410, 3726], 'PCR': [2411, 2428, 2477, 2514, 2599, 4096, 4121, 4618], 'system': [2412, 2618], '(Roche': [2413], 'Applied': [2414], 'Science).': [2415], 'Primers': [2416], 'forward': [2418], 'primer': [2419, 2424], '(L': [2420, 2524], '15148–15174)': [2421, 2526], 'reverse': [2423], '(H': [2425, 2528], '14842–14816).': [2426], 'protocol': [2429], 'consisted': [2430], 'initial': [2432], '2-min': [2433], 'denaturation': [2434], '94': [2436, 2443], '°C,': [2437], '30': [2440, 2451], 'cycles': [2441], 's,': [2447, 2452], '68': [2454, 2467], 'min,': [2458], '7': [2464], 'thermal': [2471], 'cycler': [2472], 'products': [2478], 'subjected': [2480], 'electrophoresis': [2482, 2564, 2571], '1%': [2485], 'agarose': [2486, 2568], 'gel': [2487, 2573], 'V': [2490], '45': [2492], 'stained': [2495], '0.5': [2497], 'μg/ml': [2498], 'ethidium': [2499], 'bromide.': [2500], 'To': [2501, 2885, 3171, 4008, 4083, 4125], 'exclude': [2502, 4084], 'possibility': [2504, 4086], 'low': [2507, 4089, 4362], 'molecular': [2508, 4090], 'weight': [2509, 4091], 'bands': [2510, 4092], 'due': [2512, 2707, 4094], 'artifacts,': [2515, 4097], 'second': [2517, 4099], 'nested': [2522, 4104], 'primers': [2523, 2601, 2615], 'strand:': [2525, 2529], '13980–13956).': [2530], 'Blot': [2532], 'Analysis—Total': [2533], 'Approximately': [2544], 'μg': [2546], 'digested': [2551], 'completion': [2553], 'restriction': [2555], 'PvuII': [2557], '(Invitrogen)': [2558], 'fragments': [2561], 'separated': [2562], 'through': [2565], '0.7%': [2567], 'gel.': [2569], 'blotted': [2575], 'onto': [2576], 'nylon': [2578], 'membrane': [2579, 2588, 2658], '(Hybond-N+,': [2580], 'Biosciences).': [2582], 'Then,': [2583], 'prehybridization,': [2586], 'hybridized': [2590], 'probe,': [2594], 'generated': [2597, 4000], 'positions': [2605], '8900–8922': [2606], '9422–9400': [2608], 'labeled': [2610], '[α-32P]dCTP': [2612], 'random': [2614], 'labeling': [2617], '(Invitrogen).': [2619], 'Prehybridization,': [2620], 'hybridization,': [2621], 'washing': [2623], 'Sambrook': [2630], '(28Sambrook': [2633], 'Fritsch': [2635], 'E.F.': [2636], 'Maniatis': [2637], 'Molecular': [2639], 'Cloning:': [2640], 'Laboratory': [2642], 'Manual.': [2643], '2nd': [2644], 'ed.': [2645], 'Cold': [2646, 2650], 'Spring': [2647, 2651], 'Harbor': [2648], 'Laboratory,': [2649], 'Harbor,': [2652], 'NY1989:': [2653], '9.31-9.62Google': [2654], 'exposed': [2660], 'x-ray': [2663], 'film': [2664], '–70': [2666], 'intensifying': [2670], 'screen.': [2671], 'Analysis—A': [2676], 'large': [2677, 3932], 'body': [2678], 'literature': [2680], 'exists': [2681], 'regarding': [2682], 'control': [2683, 4173], 'sizes': [2688, 3521], 'contrast,': [2698], 'little': [2699, 3009], 'information': [2700], 'available': [2702], 'concerning': [2703], 'metabolism,': [2706], 'technical': [2710], 'difficulty': [2711], 'measuring': [2713], 'much': [2715, 3416], 'smaller': [2716], 'pools.': [2717], 'indicates': [2720], 'may': [2728, 3387, 4368, 4554], 'play': [2729], 'roles': [2731], 'ophthalmoplegia,': [2745], '18Kaukonen': [2764], '20Rosenberg': [2843], 'investigate': [2886], 'relationships': [2887], 'between': [2888, 3719, 4182, 4594], 'metabolism': [2891, 3841], 'pathogenesis,': [2893], 'necessary': [2896], 'increase': [2898], 'sensitivity': [2900, 2956], 'existing': [2902], 'measurement.': [2906], 'By': [2907, 2966, 3282], 'increasing': [2908], 'radioactivity': [2911], 'polymerase-based': [2918], '3-fold,': [2925], 'adopting': [2928, 2967], 'modifications': [2930], 'assay': [2933, 3033], 'nearly': [2961, 3494], 'order': [2963], 'magnitude.': [2965], 'improved': [2992], 'yield': [2994], 'loss': [2999], 'quality.': [3001], 'With': [3002], 'improvements,': [3004], '0.05': [3011], 'pmol': [3012], 'extract.': [3020], 'This': [3021], 'means': [3022], 'prepare': [3026], 'enough': [3027], 'complete': [3031], 'earlier': [3040], 'study': [3041, 4320, 4508, 4558, 4582], 'more': [3061, 3246, 3336, 3392, 3485], '109': [3063], 'Effects': [3068], 'Thymidine': [3070, 3204], 'Treatment': [3071], 'Pools—Spinazzola': [3074], '(23Spinazzola': [3077], 'levels,': [3124], 'presumably': [3125], 'consequence': [3127], 'decreased': [3129, 3276, 3303], 'catabolism': [3131], 'resulting': [3132], 'They': [3139], 'speculated': [3140], 'salvaged': [3145], 'mitochondria,': [3149, 3481], 'generating': [3150], 'account': [3156, 3631, 4570], 'genome,': [3163], 'leading': [3164], 'mutations.': [3170], 'test': [3172, 4585], 'hypothesis,': [3174], 'effects,': [3185], 'short': [3191, 4408], 'term': [3192, 3202, 4003, 4130, 4409, 4429, 4486], 'experiments,': [3193], 'experiment.': [3203, 3322], 'supplementation': [3205], 'Fig.': [3210, 4044, 4149, 4402], 'shows': [3212], 'analyses': [3217], 'extracts.': [3222, 3253], 'become': [3230], 'result': [3234, 4439, 4498], 'exposure': [3238, 4004, 4411, 4430], 'dramatically': [3245], 'so': [3247], 'extracts': [3256, 3472], 'expanded': [3261, 3738], '2.2-': [3263], '1.5-fold,': [3265], 'respectively;': [3266], 'unchanged,': [3271], 'half': [3278], 'its': [3279, 3589], 'normal': [3280], 'value.': [3281], 'comparison,': [3283], '2.6-': [3292], '2.2-fold,': [3294], 'respectively,': [3295, 3308], 'while': [3296], '78': [3305], '43%,': [3307], 'values': [3311], 'untreated': [3314], 'Several': [3316, 4201], 'significant': [3317, 3515], 'findings': [3318, 3698], 'emerge': [3319], 'noted': [3325, 3829], 'above,': [3326], 'did': [3329], 'unbalance': [3331], 'substantially': [3335], 'factors': [3344], 'such': [3345, 4432], 'lack': [3348], 'mismatch': [3350], 'repair': [3351], '(29Marcelino': [3354], 'L.A.': [3355], 'Thilly': [3356], 'W.G.': [3357], 'Mutation': [3358], '434:': [3361], '177-203Crossref': [3362], '(108)': [3365], '30Bogenhagen': [3368], 'D.F.': [3369], 'Am.': [3370], 'Hum.': [3372], '64:': [3375], '1276-1281Abstract': [3376], '(115)': [3384], 'render': [3388], 'susceptible': [3393, 4387], 'modest': [3399, 3968], 'asymmetries.': [3401], 'composition': [3404], 'quite': [3410], 'larger': [3417], 'pool.': [3419, 4421], 'others': [3423], 'observed': [3425, 4047, 4117], 'repeatedly': [3426], '(31Zhang': [3427], 'X.': [3428], '1995;': [3434], '270:': [3435], '8401-8404Abstract': [3436], '(20)': [3444], '32Martomo': [3447], 'S.A.': [3448, 4214], '499:': [3454], '197-211Crossref': [3455], '(45)': [3458], 'represents': [3462, 4412, 4528], 'only': [3463, 4413], '5–10%': [3464], 'ot': [3465], 'eukaryotic': [3475], 'considerably': [3484], 'abundant': [3486, 3496], 'either': [3488], 'dTTP.': [3498], 'suggests': [3509], 'regulating': [3518], 'organelle.': [3524], 'acts': [3526], 'allosteric': [3529, 3592], 'activator': [3530], 'GDP': [3532], 'reduction': [3533, 3542], 'inhibitor': [3539], 'CDP': [3541], '(33Jordan': [3543], 'Reichard': [3545], '67:': [3551], '71-98Crossref': [3552], '(626)': [3555], 'experiments': [3560], '2S.': [3561], 'Song': [3562], 'Mathews,': [3566], 'unpublished': [3567], 'results.': [3568], 'liver': [3573], 'activity': [3578], 'similar': [3581], 'major': [3584], 'response': [3590], 'effectors.': [3593], 'accumulation': [3596], 'seen': [3600, 3974, 4574], 'regulatory': [3610], 'reductase.': [3615], 'Of': [3616], 'greatest': [3617], 'interest,': [3618], 'fact': [3622], 'changes': [3626, 4563], 'observe': [3629], 'mutation': [3634], 'spectrum': [3635], 'reported': [3636, 3668], 'patients.': [3665], 'authors': [3667], 'least': [3686], 'competition': [3718], 'incorporation': [3724], 'T,': [3727], 'effect,': [3732], 'incorporated': [3742], 'residues': [3747], 'mispairing.': [3754], 'Deletion': [3755], 'Mutagenesis': [3756], 'Caused': [3757], 'Imbalance—Mitochondrial': [3760], 'include': [3766], '22Nishigaki': [3809], 'earlier,': [3830], 'other': [3833], 'states': [3835], 'deoxyribonucleotide': [3840, 4595], 'Although': [3931, 4175], 'asymmetries': [3934, 4550], 'known': [3936, 4547], 'stimulate': [3938, 3979, 4551], 'apparent': [3966], 'asymmetries,': [3970], 'type': [3973], 'study,': [3977], 'formation': [3981], 'Nevertheless,': [3985], 'experiment': [3990], 'whether': [3993], 'could,': [3996], 'fact,': [3998], 'pool-imbalanced': [4006], 'do': [4009, 4194], '8': [4016], 'months': [4017], 'supplement.': [4028, 4082], 'analyzed': [4031, 4109, 4137], 'cultures.': [4036], 'method,': [4040], '2,': [4045], 'deletion-containing': [4049, 4154], 'molecules': [4051], 'ranging': [4052], 'size': [4054, 4161], '3.3': [4058], 'kbp': [4059, 4159], 'period': [4074], 'primers.': [4105], 'cases': [4108], 'obtained': [4111], 'pattern': [4113], 'first': [4120, 4557], '(data': [4122], 'shown).': [4124], 'further': [4126], 'confirm': [4127], 'induces': [4133], 'mtDNA-specific': [4144], 'probe.': [4145], '3,': [4150], 'culture.': [4174], 'clearly': [4178], 'show': [4179, 4404], 'relationship': [4181, 4593], 'unbalanced': [4183, 4358], 'creation': [4188], 'shed': [4196], 'light': [4197], 'possible': [4199], 'mechanisms.': [4200], 'models,': [4202], 'slip-replication': [4205], 'model': [4206, 4238, 4482, 4531], '(34Shoffner': [4207], 'Lott': [4209], 'M.T.': [4210], 'Voljavec': [4211], 'Soueidan': [4213], 'Costigan': [4215], '86:': [4227], '7952-7956Crossref': [4228], '(452)': [4231], 'illegitimate': [4236], 'elongation': [4237], '(35Buroker': [4239], 'N.E.': [4240], 'Brown': [4241], 'J.R.': [4242], 'Gilbert': [4243], "O'Hara": [4245], 'P.J.': [4246], 'Beckenbach': [4247], 'Thomas': [4249], 'W.K.': [4250], '124:': [4255], '157-163Crossref': [4256], 'proposed.': [4262], 'Both': [4263], 'require': [4266], 'movement': [4267], 'single-stranded': [4269, 4382], '(36Hirano': [4275, 4324, 4450], 'Ferreiro-Barros': [4279, 4328, 4454], 'Vila': [4281, 4330, 4456], 'Vu': [4289, 4338, 4464], 'Semin.': [4291, 4340, 4466], 'Dev.': [4293, 4342, 4468], '12:': [4296, 4345, 4471], '417-427Crossref': [4297, 4346, 4472], '(93)': [4300, 4349, 4475], 'compatible': [4304], 'concept': [4307], 'mtDNA.': [4317], 'proposed': [4352, 4445], 'presence': [4356], 'relatively': [4361], 'particular': [4366], 'stalling': [4371], 'replication,': [4374], 'stalled': [4377], 'intermediate': [4379], 'region': [4383], 'would': [4385], 'migration': [4389], 'inappropriate': [4392], 'annealing,': [4393], 'particularly': [4394], 'sequence': [4397], 'repeats.': [4398], 'percent': [4415], 'seems': [4423], 'reasonable': [4424], 'suggest': [4426], 'conditions': [4433, 4491], 'generate': [4435], 'fork': [4442], 'stalling,': [4443], 'prediction': [4479], 'prevent': [4493], 'should': [4496], 'significance': [4505], '3-fold.': [4510], 'improvements': [4513], 'suitable': [4530], 'investigating': [4533], 'diseases': [4535], 'metabolism.': [4541], 'although': [4543], 'mutagenesis,': [4552], 'relate': [4560], 'actual': [4572], 'affected': [4576], 'humans.': [4577], 'though': [4580], 'does': [4583], 'mechanisms,': [4587], 'strengthens': [4589], 'predicted': [4591], 'causal': [4592], 'deletion': [4599], 'thank': [4602], 'Dr.': [4603], 'Indira': [4604], 'Rajagopal': [4605], 'advice': [4610], 'assistance': [4612], 'experiments.': [4619]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986368729', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T15:52:52.923868', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}