Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1986235490', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1119/1.14353', 'title': 'Kaluza–Klein unified field theory and apparent four-dimensional space-time', 'display_name': 'Kaluza–Klein unified field theory and apparent four-dimensional space-time', 'publication_year': 1985, 'publication_date': '1985-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1986235490', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1119/1.14353', 'mag': '1986235490'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1119/1.14353', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S38866342', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Physics', 'issn_l': '0002-9505', 'issn': ['0002-9505', '1943-2909'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040062779', 'display_name': 'Christopher F. Chyba', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-4522'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Christopher F. Chyba', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5040062779'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.527, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 14, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.829511, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '53', 'issue': '9', 'first_page': '863', 'last_page': '872'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11960', 'display_name': 'Relativity and Gravitational Theory', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11960', 'display_name': 'Relativity and Gravitational Theory', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13044', 'display_name': 'Biofield Effects and Biophysics', 'score': 0.9851, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10622', 'display_name': 'Quantum Mechanics and Applications', 'score': 0.9766, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/kaluza–klein-theory', 'display_name': 'Kaluza–Klein theory', 'score': 0.9412909}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-field-theory', 'display_name': 'Unified field theory', 'score': 0.77686536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unification', 'display_name': 'Unification', 'score': 0.74804235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetism', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetism', 'score': 0.5881078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-interaction', 'display_name': 'Fundamental interaction', 'score': 0.45621648}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C79969916', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944095', 'display_name': 'Kaluza–Klein theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9412909}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8703083}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46451288', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080745', 'display_name': 'Unified field theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.77686536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146846114', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901448', 'display_name': 'Einstein', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7545529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96146094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057', 'display_name': 'Unification', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74804235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7330786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147452769', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452', 'display_name': 'General relativity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.648205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91748784', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5881078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149324446', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514', 'display_name': 'Theory of relativity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5787033}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779625871', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22811512', 'display_name': 'Extra dimensions', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5166331}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124017977', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412', 'display_name': 'Gravitation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4869574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150522085', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382037', 'display_name': 'Grand Unified Theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47006804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130187892', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327', 'display_name': 'Spacetime', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4680604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92729435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104934', 'display_name': 'Fundamental interaction', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.45621648}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778572836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933', 'display_name': 'Space (punctuation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45312124}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96402334', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793', 'display_name': 'Space time', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45096475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1298146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4166515', 'display_name': 'Classical unified field theories', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.43449622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74650414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397', 'display_name': 'Classical mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4223585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9652623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109', 'display_name': 'Field (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41775852}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27877202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2603912', 'display_name': 'Classical field theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.35609692}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19611198}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18015805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108568745', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181', 'display_name': 'Quantum gravity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.14892069}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116674579', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193442', 'display_name': 'Supersymmetry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11835462}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.078587025}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84114770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344', 'display_name': 'Quantum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.06886226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1119/1.14353', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S38866342', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Physics', 'issn_l': '0002-9505', 'issn': ['0002-9505', '1943-2909'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W313568842', 'https://openalex.org/W3102284718', 'https://openalex.org/W2479191654', 'https://openalex.org/W2159636163', 'https://openalex.org/W2135442066', 'https://openalex.org/W2094746212', 'https://openalex.org/W1986235490', 'https://openalex.org/W1668742805', 'https://openalex.org/W1654122589', 'https://openalex.org/W1542707506'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'the': [1, 42, 50, 92], '1920s': [2], 'Kaluza': [3], 'and': [4, 13, 87, 90, 98], 'Klein': [5], 'achieved': [6], 'an': [7, 33], 'elegant': [8], 'unified': [9], 'theory': [10], 'of': [11, 40, 84], 'gravitation': [12], 'electromagnetism': [14], 'by': [15, 54], 'assuming': [16], 'that': [17], 'space-time': [18, 59], 'is': [19], 'really': [20], '5-dimensional.': [21], 'Their': [22], 'approach': [23], 'has': [24], 'since': [25], 'been': [26], 'extended': [27], 'to': [28, 35, 61, 71, 78], 'even': [29], 'higher': [30], 'dimensions': [31], 'in': [32, 95], 'effort': [34], 'provide': [36], 'a': [37, 68, 75, 81], 'geometrical': [38], 'unification': [39, 73], 'all': [41], 'fundamental': [43], 'interactions.': [44], 'Any': [45], 'such': [46], 'scheme': [47], 'must': [48], 'answer': [49], 'obvious': [51], 'objection': [52], 'emphasized': [53], 'Einstein:': [55], 'Why,': [56], 'then,': [57], 'does': [58], 'appear': [60], 'be': [62], 'only': [63], '4-dimensional?': [64], 'This': [65], 'paper': [66], 'provides': [67], 'semihistorical': [69], 'introduction': [70], 'Kaluza–Klein': [72], 'on': [74], 'level': [76], 'accessible': [77], 'those': [79], 'with': [80], 'basic': [82], 'knowledge': [83], 'general': [85], 'relativity': [86], 'particle': [88], 'physics,': [89], 'examines': [91], 'progress': [93], 'made': [94], 'answering': [96], 'Einstein’s,': [97], 'related,': [99], 'objections.': [100]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986235490', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T10:09:45.420380', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}