Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1986196392', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00194-2', 'title': 'Liposome encapsulated nisin Z: optimization, stability and release during milk fermentation', 'display_name': 'Liposome encapsulated nisin Z: optimization, stability and release during milk fermentation', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1986196392', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00194-2', 'mag': '1986196392'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00194-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S184773532', 'display_name': 'International Dairy Journal', 'issn_l': '0958-6946', 'issn': ['0958-6946', '1879-0143'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050388103', 'display_name': 'R. Laridi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43406934', 'display_name': 'Université Laval', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04sjchr03', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R Laridi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111831980', 'display_name': 'Ehab Kheadr', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43406934', 'display_name': 'Université Laval', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04sjchr03', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84524832', 'display_name': 'Alexandria University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00mzz1w90', 'country_code': 'EG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84524832']}], 'countries': ['CA', 'EG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E.E Kheadr', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Dairy Science and Technology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Dairy Science and Technology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84524832']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073705632', 'display_name': 'R.-O. Benech', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43406934', 'display_name': 'Université Laval', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04sjchr03', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R.-O Benech', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109186874', 'display_name': 'Jean-Christophe Vuillemard', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43406934', 'display_name': 'Université Laval', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04sjchr03', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.C Vuillemard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007856392', 'display_name': 'Christophe Lacroix', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-2020'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5124864', 'display_name': 'École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02s376052', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I5124864']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43406934', 'display_name': 'Université Laval', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04sjchr03', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}], 'countries': ['CA', 'CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C Lacroix', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'Laboratory of Food Biotechnology Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zentrum, LFO F18 CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Food Biotechnology Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zentrum, LFO F18 CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5124864']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011043147', 'display_name': 'Ismaı̈l Fliss', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-9414'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43406934', 'display_name': 'Université Laval', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04sjchr03', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'I Fliss', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dairy Research Center STELA, Departement de Sciences des Aliments et de Nutrition, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul Comtois, Qué., PQ, Canada, G1K 7P4', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43406934']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3430, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3430, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.888, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 221, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999886, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '13', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '325', 'last_page': '336'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10141', 'display_name': 'Probiotics and Fermented Foods', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10141', 'display_name': 'Probiotics and Fermented Foods', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10411', 'display_name': 'Proteins in Food Systems', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11294', 'display_name': 'Infant Nutrition and Health', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2916', 'display_name': 'Nutrition and Dietetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/29', 'display_name': 'Nursing'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778457984', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415798', 'display_name': 'Nisin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9914607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7610223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185154212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410454', 'display_name': 'Liposome', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69740367}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100544194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760', 'display_name': 'Fermentation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6177559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6140345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31903555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030', 'display_name': 'Food science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5848909}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189977493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352187', 'display_name': 'Skimmed milk', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5369712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41954204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23875102}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4937899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00194-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S184773532', 'display_name': 'International Dairy Journal', 'issn_l': '0958-6946', 'issn': ['0958-6946', '1879-0143'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'score': 0.61, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 46, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1580482124', 'https://openalex.org/W1798060480', 'https://openalex.org/W1876098200', 'https://openalex.org/W1970475025', 'https://openalex.org/W1971203269', 'https://openalex.org/W1979963523', 'https://openalex.org/W1984704722', 'https://openalex.org/W1994495883', 'https://openalex.org/W2000985029', 'https://openalex.org/W2004862888', 'https://openalex.org/W2009475191', 'https://openalex.org/W2009707724', 'https://openalex.org/W2014416681', 'https://openalex.org/W2014571604', 'https://openalex.org/W2034191594', 'https://openalex.org/W2034383732', 'https://openalex.org/W2035977517', 'https://openalex.org/W2043708821', 'https://openalex.org/W2047243181', 'https://openalex.org/W2056288818', 'https://openalex.org/W2056355421', 'https://openalex.org/W2061799513', 'https://openalex.org/W2062545141', 'https://openalex.org/W2062683862', 'https://openalex.org/W2067635971', 'https://openalex.org/W2070141126', 'https://openalex.org/W2070159185', 'https://openalex.org/W2072005701', 'https://openalex.org/W2085183163', 'https://openalex.org/W2089792637', 'https://openalex.org/W2099135211', 'https://openalex.org/W2099345244', 'https://openalex.org/W2100277556', 'https://openalex.org/W2100706403', 'https://openalex.org/W2107952749', 'https://openalex.org/W2114436687', 'https://openalex.org/W2121675365', 'https://openalex.org/W2142201339', 'https://openalex.org/W2146491893', 'https://openalex.org/W2150152340', 'https://openalex.org/W2155147384', 'https://openalex.org/W2158826312', 'https://openalex.org/W2408788590', 'https://openalex.org/W2509542594', 'https://openalex.org/W2517784667', 'https://openalex.org/W2521736855'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4241887280', 'https://openalex.org/W2376349877', 'https://openalex.org/W2356294349', 'https://openalex.org/W2273701288', 'https://openalex.org/W2164914357', 'https://openalex.org/W2145587168', 'https://openalex.org/W2089412467', 'https://openalex.org/W2066980787', 'https://openalex.org/W2038614897', 'https://openalex.org/W1969909210'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986196392', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-02T23:11:09.095222', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}