Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1985456422', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.25.8.695', 'title': 'Long‐term evaluation of amantadine and levodopa combination in parkinsonism by double‐blind crossover analyses', 'display_name': 'Long‐term evaluation of amantadine and levodopa combination in parkinsonism by double‐blind crossover analyses', 'publication_year': 1975, 'publication_date': '1975-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1985456422', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.25.8.695', 'mag': '1985456422', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/807869'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.25.8.695', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S79704628', 'display_name': 'Neurology', 'issn_l': '0028-3878', 'issn': ['0028-3878', '1526-632X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010642600', 'display_name': 'Stanley Fahn', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'STANLEY FAHN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049589679', 'display_name': 'WILLIAM P. ISGREEN', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'WILLIAM P. ISGREEN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.143, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 60, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.954715, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '25', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '695', 'last_page': '695'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments", 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments", 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11434', 'display_name': 'Electrochemical Analysis and Applications', 'score': 0.9229, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1603', 'display_name': 'Electrochemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10919', 'display_name': 'Neurological disorders and treatments', 'score': 0.9192, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/amantadine', 'display_name': 'Amantadine', 'score': 0.9886714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover-study', 'display_name': 'Crossover study', 'score': 0.79441583}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777374534', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409761', 'display_name': 'Amantadine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9886714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780304432', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q300989', 'display_name': 'Levodopa', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.91577494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87813604', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899', 'display_name': 'Crossover study', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.79441583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776525014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531991', 'display_name': 'Parkinsonism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7625377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27081682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829', 'display_name': 'Placebo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6929862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.58687806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779734285', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085', 'display_name': "Parkinson's disease", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.553444}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32109275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28511924}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2706961}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.19827434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000547', 'descriptor_name': 'Amantadine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007980', 'descriptor_name': 'Levodopa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010300', 'descriptor_name': 'Parkinson Disease', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000368', 'descriptor_name': 'Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000547', 'descriptor_name': 'Amantadine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000547', 'descriptor_name': 'Amantadine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000547', 'descriptor_name': 'Amantadine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002986', 'descriptor_name': 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004341', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Evaluation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004359', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007980', 'descriptor_name': 'Levodopa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007980', 'descriptor_name': 'Levodopa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007980', 'descriptor_name': 'Levodopa', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008134', 'descriptor_name': 'Long-Term Care', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008134', 'descriptor_name': 'Long-Term Care', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009048', 'descriptor_name': 'Motor Skills', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009048', 'descriptor_name': 'Motor Skills', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010300', 'descriptor_name': 'Parkinson Disease', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.25.8.695', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S79704628', 'display_name': 'Neurology', 'issn_l': '0028-3878', 'issn': ['0028-3878', '1526-632X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/807869', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.78, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3177336646', 'https://openalex.org/W3148586516', 'https://openalex.org/W2400794892', 'https://openalex.org/W2315774369', 'https://openalex.org/W2175236109', 'https://openalex.org/W2137683424', 'https://openalex.org/W2124414252', 'https://openalex.org/W2027451203', 'https://openalex.org/W2010762731', 'https://openalex.org/W2010301919'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Twenty-three': [0], 'patients': [1, 24, 57, 81, 116], 'with': [2, 20, 89], 'Parkinson9s': [3], 'disease': [4], 'participated': [5], 'in': [6, 18, 110, 130, 148], 'long-term,': [7], 'double-blind': [8], 'evaluations': [9], 'of': [10, 16, 31, 34, 49, 55, 74, 79, 92], 'the': [11, 26, 67, 93, 111, 115, 149], 'effectiveness': [12], 'and': [13, 36, 42, 46, 100], 'side': [14], 'effects': [15], 'amantadine': [17, 35, 65, 87, 94, 106, 122, 144], 'combination': [19], 'levodopa': [21, 39, 51, 120, 133], 'therapy.': [22, 52, 121], 'Sixteen': [23], 'completed': [25], 'year-long': [27], 'study,': [28], 'which': [29], 'consisted': [30], 'randomized': [32], 'crossover': [33, 69], 'placebo': [37], 'before': [38], 'was': [40, 107, 145], 'begun': [41], 'again': [43], 'after': [44, 114], '5': [45], '11': [47], 'months': [48], 'continuous': [50], 'Initially,': [53], '16': [54, 80], '23': [56], '(70': [58], 'percent)': [59, 83], 'had': [60, 97, 117], 'a': [61, 127], 'favorable': [62], 'response': [63, 104], 'to': [64, 86, 105, 132], 'during': [66], 'first': [68], 'period.': [70], 'After': [71], '1': [72], 'year': [73], 'levodopa,': [75], 'at': [76], 'least': [77], 'eight': [78], '(50': [82], 'responded': [84], 'favorably': [85], 'compared': [88], 'placebo.': [90], 'Some': [91], 'responders': [95, 112], 'previously': [96, 146], 'been': [98, 118], 'nonresponders,': [99], 'vice': [101], 'versa.': [102], 'The': [103], 'quantitatively': [108], 'similar': [109], 'even': [113, 142], 'receiving': [119], 'should': [123], 'be': [124], 'tried': [125], 'as': [126], 'therapeutic': [128], 'agent': [129], 'addition': [131], 'for': [134], 'parkinsonism': [135], 'if': [136, 143], 'more': [137], 'beneficial': [138], 'effect': [139], 'is': [140], 'desired,': [141], 'ineffective': [147], 'same': [150], 'patient.': [151]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985456422', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T22:14:30.040191', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}