Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1985148570', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08019', 'title': 'Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne', 'display_name': 'Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1985148570', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08019', 'mag': '1985148570', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19407800'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08019', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090929938', 'display_name': 'Myles Allen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-7172'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Myles R. Allen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075348656', 'display_name': 'David J. Frame', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0949-3994'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David J. Frame', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070191910', 'display_name': 'Chris Huntingford', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-7770'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210092773', 'display_name': 'UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00pggkr55', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210092773']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chris Huntingford', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210092773']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025928838', 'display_name': 'Chris Jones', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-9285'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293035123', 'display_name': 'Met Office', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ch2yn61', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chris D. Jones', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044759836', 'display_name': 'Jason Lowe', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8201-3926'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1293035123', 'display_name': 'Met Office', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ch2yn61', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I71052956', 'display_name': 'University of Reading', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05v62cm79', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I71052956']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jason A. Lowe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Meteorology, Met Office Hadley Centre (Reading Unit), University of Reading, RG6 6BB, Reading, UK,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Meteorology, Met Office Hadley Centre (Reading Unit), University of Reading, RG6 6BB, Reading, UK,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1293035123', 'https://openalex.org/I71052956']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008924658', 'display_name': 'Malte Meinshausen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4048-3521'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I60200437', 'display_name': 'Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03e8s1d88', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I60200437']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Malte Meinshausen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I60200437']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113173834', 'display_name': 'Nicolai Meinshausen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nicolai Meinshausen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 9750, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 11690, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 55.238, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1575, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999927, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '458', 'issue': '7242', 'first_page': '1163', 'last_page': '1166'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11588', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11588', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12639', 'display_name': 'Global Energy and Sustainability Research', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2105', 'display_name': 'Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/21', 'display_name': 'Energy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10471', 'display_name': 'Climate Change Policy and Economics', 'score': 0.9892, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tonne', 'display_name': 'Tonne', 'score': 0.8937737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide-equivalent', 'display_name': 'Carbon dioxide equivalent', 'score': 0.5475052}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-price', 'display_name': 'Carbon price', 'score': 0.43518245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/global-temperature', 'display_name': 'Global temperature', 'score': 0.43016815}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76758496', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191118', 'display_name': 'Tonne', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8937737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47737302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336', 'display_name': 'Greenhouse gas', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.77627116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115343472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Global warming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7455739}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7139675}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60707617}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105367107', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901028', 'display_name': 'Carbon dioxide equivalent', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5475052}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68189081', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748', 'display_name': 'Fossil fuel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5452138}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C530467964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997', 'display_name': 'Carbon dioxide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4610362}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175605778', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701', 'display_name': 'Natural resource economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45018023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779200991', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20681009', 'display_name': 'Carbon price', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43518245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779242930', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720957', 'display_name': 'Global temperature', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.43016815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91586092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric sciences', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37194565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C526734887', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237', 'display_name': 'Environmental protection', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3471281}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17078713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09329587}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09030944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08842403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.072041065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07095048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001272', 'descriptor_name': 'Atmosphere', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002245', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon Dioxide', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017752', 'descriptor_name': 'Greenhouse Effect', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008962', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Theoretical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013696', 'descriptor_name': 'Temperature', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001272', 'descriptor_name': 'Atmosphere', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019985', 'descriptor_name': 'Benchmarking', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002245', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon Dioxide', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003198', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Simulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049671', 'descriptor_name': 'History, 18th Century', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049672', 'descriptor_name': 'History, 19th Century', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049673', 'descriptor_name': 'History, 20th Century', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049674', 'descriptor_name': 'History, 21st Century', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006802', 'descriptor_name': 'Human Activities', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006802', 'descriptor_name': 'Human Activities', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000266', 'qualifier_name': 'history', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007221', 'descriptor_name': 'Industry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007221', 'descriptor_name': 'Industry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000266', 'qualifier_name': 'history', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013997', 'descriptor_name': 'Time Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D035501', 'descriptor_name': 'Uncertainty', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08019', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19407800', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'display_name': 'Climate action', 'score': 0.47}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 36, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1490229695', 'https://openalex.org/W1575707379', 'https://openalex.org/W182816915', 'https://openalex.org/W1844535985', 'https://openalex.org/W1964713735', 'https://openalex.org/W1965632437', 'https://openalex.org/W1967820238', 'https://openalex.org/W1968054068', 'https://openalex.org/W1974197650', 'https://openalex.org/W1977244495', 'https://openalex.org/W1980936406', 'https://openalex.org/W1982742872', 'https://openalex.org/W1985658397', 'https://openalex.org/W1994995404', 'https://openalex.org/W2007351213', 'https://openalex.org/W2049766574', 'https://openalex.org/W2051835829', 'https://openalex.org/W2060852319', 'https://openalex.org/W2061424779', 'https://openalex.org/W2097331168', 'https://openalex.org/W2108353370', 'https://openalex.org/W2116694804', 'https://openalex.org/W2124414449', 'https://openalex.org/W2125932194', 'https://openalex.org/W2129992710', 'https://openalex.org/W2145796050', 'https://openalex.org/W2150186950', 'https://openalex.org/W2151328940', 'https://openalex.org/W2165294865', 'https://openalex.org/W2166941621', 'https://openalex.org/W2316372676', 'https://openalex.org/W2744644409', 'https://openalex.org/W281649968', 'https://openalex.org/W2939474406', 'https://openalex.org/W2953347398', 'https://openalex.org/W4388322985'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4400632784', 'https://openalex.org/W4378216514', 'https://openalex.org/W3004336854', 'https://openalex.org/W2804242107', 'https://openalex.org/W2799426118', 'https://openalex.org/W2735057957', 'https://openalex.org/W2362362460', 'https://openalex.org/W2098602277', 'https://openalex.org/W2021510395', 'https://openalex.org/W1501550663'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985148570', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 117}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 106}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 90}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 140}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 106}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 87}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 100}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 103}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 100}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 108}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 107}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 103}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 102}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T19:41:39.999130', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}