Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1984328540', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1074', 'title': '5-Fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies', 'display_name': '5-Fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1984328540', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1074', 'mag': '1984328540', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12724731'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1074', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160464432', 'display_name': 'Nature reviews. Cancer', 'issn_l': '1474-175X', 'issn': ['1474-175X', '1474-1768'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078841356', 'display_name': 'Daniel B. Longley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-2033'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126231945', 'display_name': "Queen's University Belfast", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hswnk62', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126231945']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel B. Longley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, Queen's University Belfast, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland."], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, Queen's University Belfast, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland.", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126231945']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037792335', 'display_name': 'D. Paul Harkin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126231945', 'display_name': "Queen's University Belfast", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hswnk62', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126231945']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Paul Harkin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126231945']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103563436', 'display_name': 'Patrick G. Johnston', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126231945', 'display_name': "Queen's University Belfast", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hswnk62', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126231945']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Patrick G. Johnston', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, University Floor, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126231945']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 9.251, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 4646, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998885, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '330', 'last_page': '338'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11067', 'display_name': 'Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11067', 'display_name': 'Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11369', 'display_name': 'Genetic factors in colorectal cancer', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2734', 'display_name': 'Pathology and Forensic Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11364', 'display_name': 'Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780456651', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238512', 'display_name': 'Fluorouracil', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6505993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186836561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931516', 'display_name': 'Microarray', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.52276635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114851261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416', 'display_name': 'Drug resistance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52090997}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776694085', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135', 'display_name': 'Chemotherapy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5087159}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89611455', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646', 'display_name': 'Mechanism (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43789676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502942594', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914', 'display_name': 'Cancer research', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41826758}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41283137}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60644358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570', 'display_name': 'Bioinformatics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40894002}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40070975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3487816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3331148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20075715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12647352}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150194340', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972', 'display_name': 'Gene expression', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.10551804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000964', 'descriptor_name': 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005472', 'descriptor_name': 'Fluorouracil', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000964', 'descriptor_name': 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D042943', 'descriptor_name': 'Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP)', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005472', 'descriptor_name': 'Fluorouracil', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005472', 'descriptor_name': 'Fluorouracil', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007372', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007372', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018895', 'descriptor_name': 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020411', 'descriptor_name': 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010088', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidoreductases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010088', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxidoreductases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000037', 'qualifier_name': 'antagonists & inhibitors', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012313', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012313', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013939', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidine Phosphorylase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013939', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidine Phosphorylase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013940', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidylate Synthase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013940', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidylate Synthase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016159', 'descriptor_name': 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016159', 'descriptor_name': 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1074', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160464432', 'display_name': 'Nature reviews. Cancer', 'issn_l': '1474-175X', 'issn': ['1474-175X', '1474-1768'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12724731', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 111, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W126285798', 'https://openalex.org/W1484628085', 'https://openalex.org/W1486827206', 'https://openalex.org/W1495406308', 'https://openalex.org/W1498586399', 'https://openalex.org/W1532113135', 'https://openalex.org/W1535441861', 'https://openalex.org/W1536857478', 'https://openalex.org/W1545828838', 'https://openalex.org/W157532068', 'https://openalex.org/W1579094235', 'https://openalex.org/W1580716972', 'https://openalex.org/W1591466904', 'https://openalex.org/W1599809449', 'https://openalex.org/W1604012490', 'https://openalex.org/W1606429725', 'https://openalex.org/W1662073389', 'https://openalex.org/W1679421997', 'https://openalex.org/W1766270080', 'https://openalex.org/W1766812337', 'https://openalex.org/W1863415647', 'https://openalex.org/W1891007986', 'https://openalex.org/W1910446662', 'https://openalex.org/W1910716144', 'https://openalex.org/W1968070649', 'https://openalex.org/W1968242936', 'https://openalex.org/W1979893467', 'https://openalex.org/W1982097971', 'https://openalex.org/W1990763949', 'https://openalex.org/W1997231925', 'https://openalex.org/W1998790805', 'https://openalex.org/W2001337137', 'https://openalex.org/W2003306235', 'https://openalex.org/W2004781690', 'https://openalex.org/W2012053348', 'https://openalex.org/W2015310536', 'https://openalex.org/W2016134181', 'https://openalex.org/W2018843280', 'https://openalex.org/W2021591179', 'https://openalex.org/W2028661325', 'https://openalex.org/W2030637592', 'https://openalex.org/W2032540605', 'https://openalex.org/W2033923013', 'https://openalex.org/W2034708923', 'https://openalex.org/W2035768602', 'https://openalex.org/W2038925947', 'https://openalex.org/W2041159818', 'https://openalex.org/W2044970916', 'https://openalex.org/W2045388038', 'https://openalex.org/W2050004439', 'https://openalex.org/W2055568666', 'https://openalex.org/W2065741123', 'https://openalex.org/W2065915399', 'https://openalex.org/W2066065452', 'https://openalex.org/W2068510939', 'https://openalex.org/W2069320022', 'https://openalex.org/W2076435358', 'https://openalex.org/W2085843470', 'https://openalex.org/W2087288637', 'https://openalex.org/W2090281205', 'https://openalex.org/W2093073740', 'https://openalex.org/W2095181507', 'https://openalex.org/W2096122707', 'https://openalex.org/W2096160279', 'https://openalex.org/W2096595602', 'https://openalex.org/W2097129108', 'https://openalex.org/W2099205871', 'https://openalex.org/W2103638548', 'https://openalex.org/W2108006106', 'https://openalex.org/W2108182220', 'https://openalex.org/W2113550611', 'https://openalex.org/W2114473143', 'https://openalex.org/W2116846790', 'https://openalex.org/W2117077597', 'https://openalex.org/W2120764182', 'https://openalex.org/W2124843507', 'https://openalex.org/W2127884528', 'https://openalex.org/W2128447158', 'https://openalex.org/W2129684203', 'https://openalex.org/W2137194656', 'https://openalex.org/W2138440094', 'https://openalex.org/W2138472526', 'https://openalex.org/W2139176276', 'https://openalex.org/W2145626047', 'https://openalex.org/W2148607448', 'https://openalex.org/W2150019035', 'https://openalex.org/W2153973265', 'https://openalex.org/W2154691181', 'https://openalex.org/W2160123694', 'https://openalex.org/W2162313061', 'https://openalex.org/W2163269259', 'https://openalex.org/W2164678989', 'https://openalex.org/W2166127437', 'https://openalex.org/W2167847781', 'https://openalex.org/W2168965618', 'https://openalex.org/W2175524623', 'https://openalex.org/W2179172424', 'https://openalex.org/W2285157229', 'https://openalex.org/W2296462761', 'https://openalex.org/W2314927739', 'https://openalex.org/W2337432642', 'https://openalex.org/W2409469058', 'https://openalex.org/W2412537653', 'https://openalex.org/W2417299957', 'https://openalex.org/W2460038169', 'https://openalex.org/W2469345929', 'https://openalex.org/W2602544133', 'https://openalex.org/W4238668552', 'https://openalex.org/W79946538', 'https://openalex.org/W83261640', 'https://openalex.org/W92881325'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W632620057', 'https://openalex.org/W4251386247', 'https://openalex.org/W3015853436', 'https://openalex.org/W2950074022', 'https://openalex.org/W2383843300', 'https://openalex.org/W2379596026', 'https://openalex.org/W2363374489', 'https://openalex.org/W2026212416', 'https://openalex.org/W2017564324', 'https://openalex.org/W1985820464'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984328540', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 363}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 391}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 424}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 383}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 399}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 320}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 293}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 283}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 258}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 254}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 229}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 197}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 155}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-06T02:12:22.561077', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}