Complex III Releases Superoxide to Both Sides of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Florian L. Müller; Yuhong Liu; Holly Van Remmen
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3315, 3332, 3342, 3350, 3406, 3414, 3441, 3469, 3481, 3559, 3612, 3710, 3717, 3789, 3856, 3905, 3916, 3919, 3928, 3938, 4025, 4043, 4146, 4155, 4165, 4239, 4313, 4320, 4334], 'mitochondrial': [2, 45, 211, 259, 302, 468, 515, 664, 680, 736, 793, 850, 1085, 1098, 1840, 3130, 3929, 3944], 'superoxide': [3, 48, 71, 83, 172, 189, 204, 216, 238, 245, 260, 305, 328, 340, 429, 446, 461, 473, 495, 502, 599, 668, 682, 737, 752, 809, 830, 851, 1076, 1094, 1117, 1206, 1290, 1295, 1304, 1326, 1541, 1631, 1692, 1710, 1724, 1833, 1891, 1938, 1947, 2006, 2075, 2140, 2194, 2285, 2321, 2383, 2461, 2533, 2583, 2603, 2619, 2674, 2740, 2769, 2816, 2827, 3564, 3569, 3707, 3721, 3741, 3764, 4057, 4147, 4166, 4260, 4316, 4335], 'formation': [4, 261, 753, 3753], 'remain': [5, 262, 1051], 'poorly': [6, 263], 'understood': [7, 264], 'despite': [8, 265], 'considerable': [9, 266], 'medical': [10, 267], 'interest': [11, 268], 'in': [12, 31, 153, 184, 218, 269, 288, 410, 441, 475, 525, 612, 802, 807, 961, 1352, 1443, 1483, 1519, 1633, 1767, 1884, 2201, 2323, 2625, 2713, 2743, 2752, 2780, 2787, 2802, 2839, 2849, 2853, 2859, 2919, 3009, 3015, 3066, 3077, 3260, 3335, 3369, 3417, 3476, 3714, 3751, 3820, 3935, 4004, 4097, 4135, 4169, 4338, 4341], 'oxidative': [13, 270], 'stress.': [14, 271], 'Superoxide': [15, 272, 2716, 3766], 'is': [16, 36, 84, 225, 273, 293, 341, 482, 519, 531, 669, 742, 810, 965, 1078, 1119, 1191, 1196, 2387, 2454, 2675, 3213, 3337, 3562, 3566, 3738, 3796, 3859, 4054, 4172, 4254, 4298, 4317, 4330], 'produced': [17, 274], 'from': [18, 96, 275, 353, 1308, 1362, 1535, 1666, 1694, 2186, 2384, 2585, 2595, 2621, 2785, 2844, 2960, 3231, 4020, 4028], 'both': [19, 206, 276, 463, 1835, 3571, 4337], 'Complexes': [20, 277, 841], 'I': [21, 278, 842, 1089], 'and': [22, 29, 76, 90, 191, 279, 286, 333, 347, 448, 529, 623, 843, 919, 1204, 1453, 1663, 1704, 2081, 2132, 2254, 2297, 2350, 2377, 2496, 2521, 2759, 2857, 2925, 2933, 2968, 2973, 3013, 3042, 3051, 3075, 3119, 3256, 3311, 3379, 3394, 3409, 3573, 3786, 3879, 3922, 3962, 4069, 4180, 4259, 4340], 'III': [23, 126, 201, 280, 383, 458, 844, 1092, 1559, 1619, 1635, 2137, 2191, 2386, 2530, 2591, 2623, 2720], 'the': [25, 43, 58, 88, 104, 114, 118, 148, 161, 165, 175, 185, 209, 221, 230, 241, 248, 282, 300, 315, 345, 361, 371, 375, 405, 418, 422, 432, 442, 466, 478, 487, 498, 505, 520, 526, 595, 613, 629, 673, 679, 731, 748, 755, 760, 769, 790, 803, 838, 846, 894, 902, 942, 966, 1042, 1045, 1073, 1083, 1097, 1102, 1200, 1300, 1354, 1358, 1479, 1484, 1546, 1554, 1614, 1622, 1628, 1659, 1667, 1695, 1702, 1707, 1713, 1719, 1727, 1734, 1828, 1838, 1894, 1918, 1932, 1935, 1944, 1949, 2013, 2079, 2083, 2091, 2133, 2142, 2146, 2156, 2159, 2196, 2279, 2282, 2313, 2318, 2379, 2390, 2458, 2481, 2489, 2524, 2535, 2539, 2547, 2586, 2670, 2678, 2682, 2687, 2693, 2722, 2727, 2753, 2820, 2854, 2860, 2863, 2877, 2943, 2949, 3043, 3128, 3137, 3147, 3180, 3232, 3263, 3333, 3340, 3402, 3412, 3461, 3467, 3477, 3613, 3698, 3715, 3749, 3972, 4031, 4044, 4098, 4142, 4173, 4236, 4245, 4263, 4294, 4311], 'electron': [26, 108, 150, 166, 283, 365, 407, 423, 516, 665, 756, 899, 1287, 1481, 2015], 'transport': [27, 284, 517, 666, 757, 1288], 'chain,': [28, 285], 'once': [30, 287, 3065, 3076], 'its': [32, 289, 601, 605, 739, 1061], 'anionic': [33, 290, 602], 'form': [34, 291, 603], 'it': [35, 292, 964, 1190, 1685, 1717, 2267, 4297], 'too': [37, 294, 2274], 'strongly': [38, 295], 'charged': [39, 296], 'to': [40, 171, 174, 205, 229, 297, 428, 431, 462, 486, 553, 812, 820, 941, 1071, 1079, 1096, 1299, 1653, 1658, 1701, 1712, 1725, 1737, 1834, 1893, 1948, 2078, 2141, 2152, 2276, 2316, 2456, 2534, 2971, 3189, 3245, 3339, 3400, 3410, 3465, 3697, 3703, 3760, 3800, 3822, 3899, 4058, 4151, 4241], 'readily': [41, 298, 1306], 'cross': [42, 299, 3220], 'inner': [44, 210, 301, 467, 1084, 1839, 2147, 2540, 3129], 'membrane.': [46, 212, 303, 469, 2541, 3131], 'Thus,': [47, 304, 3748, 4327], 'production': [49, 138, 217, 306, 395, 474, 796, 831, 852, 1291, 1471, 1542, 1632, 1939, 2286, 2613, 2828, 3268, 3344, 3471, 3475, 3565, 3768], 'exhibits': [50, 307, 3817], 'a': [51, 308, 547, 616, 743, 1591, 1822, 1875, 2129, 2165, 2543, 2730, 2736, 3093, 3214, 3249, 3319, 3346, 3706, 3734, 3882, 3967, 4001, 4041, 4059, 4132, 4331], 'distinct': [52, 309], 'membrane': [53, 310, 1086, 1841, 2148], 'sidedness': [54, 311], 'or': [55, 312, 1090, 1101, 1311, 3479, 4011], '“topology.”': [56, 313], 'In': [57, 314, 815, 891, 2096, 2480, 3455], 'present': [59, 316, 2482], 'work,': [60, 317, 817, 2098], 'using': [61, 318, 2692, 3318, 3881], 'measurements': [62, 134, 319, 391, 1468], 'hydrogen': [64, 136, 321, 393], 'peroxide': [65, 137, 322, 394], '(Amplex': [66, 323], 'red)': [67, 324], 'as': [68, 70, 325, 327, 626, 628, 835, 1890, 2162, 3096, 3705, 3733, 3913, 3924, 4007, 4101, 4305], 'well': [69, 102, 326, 359, 627, 670, 3390], '(modified': [72, 329, 3777], 'Cypridina': [73, 330, 1337, 3778], 'luciferin': [74, 331, 1338, 3779], 'analog': [75, 332], 'aconitase),': [77, 334], 'we': [78, 335, 818, 1820, 2516, 2522, 2579, 2680, 3458, 3688, 3970, 4047], 'demonstrate': [79, 336, 2668], 'that': [80, 91, 140, 160, 199, 337, 348, 397, 417, 456, 1188, 1293, 1474, 1539, 1613, 1688, 1729, 1825, 1874, 2003, 2071, 2082, 2135, 2189, 2271, 2381, 2528, 2581, 2669, 2744, 2762, 2813, 2829, 3217, 3227, 3563, 3728, 4300, 4324], 'Complex': [81, 111, 125, 200, 219, 338, 368, 382, 457, 476, 892, 962, 1088, 1091, 1490, 1558, 1618, 1634, 2018, 2073, 2136, 2190, 2385, 2529, 2590, 2622, 2719, 2814], 'I-dependent': [82, 339], 'exclusively': [85, 342, 2138, 2741], 'released': [86, 173, 343, 430, 1307, 1700, 2077, 2388, 2594, 2676, 2768, 3230, 3720], 'into': [87, 344, 2195, 2389, 2677, 2721], 'matrix': [89, 346, 681, 1099, 1203, 1301, 1355, 1547, 1668, 1714, 1728, 2197, 2723], 'no': [92, 349, 1197, 2607], 'detectable': [93, 350], 'levels': [94, 351, 4336], 'escape': [95, 352], 'intact': [97, 354, 1363, 2596, 2714], 'mitochondria.': [98, 355, 2715], 'This': [99, 233, 356, 490, 2746, 4052], 'finding': [100, 357], 'fits': [101, 358], 'with': [103, 360, 1943, 2291, 2782, 3018, 3026, 3070, 3092, 3117, 3121, 3136, 3146, 3254, 3345, 3398, 3743, 3827, 3890, 3901, 4009, 4062, 4106, 4262, 4315, 4325], 'proposed': [105, 362], 'site': [106, 363, 1625, 1697, 1832, 2588], 'leak': [109, 151, 167, 366, 408, 424, 1482, 2016], 'at': [110, 367, 1041, 2488, 2948, 3038, 3053, 3304, 3366, 4066, 4073, 4265], 'I,': [112, 369, 893, 3258], 'namely': [113, 370], 'iron-sulfur': [115, 372, 903, 4252], 'clusters': [116, 373, 904], '(matrix-protruding)': [119, 376], 'hydrophilic': [120, 377], 'arm.': [121, 378], 'Our': [122, 196, 379, 453, 2775], 'data': [123, 197, 380, 454, 1708, 1736, 2185, 2776], 'on': [124, 381, 730, 747, 1286, 1681], 'show': [127, 384, 2580], 'direct': [128, 385, 3773], 'extramitochondrial': [129, 235, 386, 492, 2005, 2602, 3740, 3763], 'release': [130, 203, 236, 387, 460, 493, 1711, 1829, 1892, 1945, 2007, 2193, 2322, 2604, 2717, 3143, 3416], 'superoxide,': [132, 389, 3828], 'but': [133, 239, 390, 496, 1360, 3816], 'revealed': [139, 396, 1473], 'this': [141, 194, 255, 398, 451, 512, 816, 822, 1682, 2600, 2773, 2831, 2840, 2850, 2920, 3222, 3355, 3456, 3560, 3610, 3857, 4170, 4257], 'could': [142, 246, 399, 503, 1529, 1826, 1880, 2008, 2087, 2770, 4137], 'only': [143, 400, 1475, 2531, 3224, 3393], 'account': [144, 401, 2009, 2771], 'for': [145, 402, 533, 1426, 1590, 2010, 2086, 2492, 2606, 2772, 2945, 3035, 3057, 4140, 4256], '∼50%': [146, 163, 403, 420, 2610, 2616, 2672], 'total': [149, 406, 1480, 2014, 2618], 'even': [152, 409, 2624, 2751], 'mitochondria': [154, 411, 1364, 2626, 3233, 3399, 3418], 'lacking': [155, 412, 678, 2627], 'CuZn-superoxide': [156, 413], 'dismutase.': [157, 414], 'We': [158, 250, 415, 507, 2822, 3362], 'posit': [159, 416], 'remaining': [162, 419, 2671], 'must': [168, 425, 1296, 1698], 'be': [169, 426, 813, 833, 1297, 1530, 1654, 1699, 1738, 1882, 2088, 2153, 2269, 2289, 3758, 4138], 'due': [170, 427], 'matrix.': [176, 249, 433, 506, 1950, 2821], 'Measurements': [177, 434], '(mitochondrial': [179, 436], 'matrix)': [180, 437], 'aconitase': [181, 438, 2694, 2734, 2749, 3790, 4174, 4314, 4328], 'inhibition,': [182, 439], 'performed': [183, 440, 3363], 'presence': [186, 443, 1485, 2754, 3478], 'exogenous': [188, 445], 'dismutase': [190, 447, 683], 'catalase,': [192, 449, 2760], 'confirmed': [193, 450], 'hypothesis.': [195, 452], 'indicate': [198, 455], 'can': [202, 459, 832, 2192, 2288, 2817, 3570, 3757, 4307], 'sides': [207, 464, 1836], 'The': [213, 470, 514, 660, 826, 1283, 1537, 2183, 3020, 3031, 3060, 3111, 3330, 3437, 3852, 3895, 3908, 3931, 3946, 4162], 'locus': [214, 471, 1629, 1936], 'III,': [220, 477, 963], 'ubiquinol': [222, 479, 1347, 1623], 'oxidation': [223, 480, 1348, 1624, 3182, 3404], 'site,': [224, 481, 1346], 'situated': [226, 483], 'immediately': [227, 484, 1656], 'next': [228, 485], 'intermembrane': [231, 488, 1343, 1660], 'space.': [232, 489], 'explains': [234, 491], 'raises': [240, 497], 'question': [242, 499], 'how': [244, 501, 1056], 'reach': [247, 504, 1060, 1726, 2317, 2819], 'discuss': [251, 508, 2823], 'two': [252, 509, 2824, 3048], 'models': [253, 510, 2825], 'explaining': [254, 511], 'result.': [256, 513], 'chain': [518], 'main': [521, 847], 'source': [522], 'ATP': [524], 'mammalian': [527], 'cell': [528], 'thus': [530, 2778], 'essential': [532], 'life': [534], '(1Scheffler': [535], 'I.E.': [536], 'Mitochondria.': [537], 'Wiley-Liss,': [538], 'New': [539, 1449, 1525, 1773, 2808], 'York1999Crossref': [540], 'Google': [541, 565, 576, 592, 645, 658, 718, 785, 862, 875, 889, 917, 934, 958, 978, 989, 1006, 1023, 1038, 1114, 1141, 1155, 1170, 1185, 1220, 1235, 1263, 1281, 1382, 1396, 1410, 1424, 1464, 1504, 1588, 1606, 1651, 1678, 1752, 1794, 1818, 1851, 1871, 1913, 1929, 1979, 2000, 2047, 2068, 2126, 2226, 2252, 2310, 2348, 2375, 2415, 2441, 2478, 2577, 2665, 2711, 2915, 2986, 2999, 3109, 3172, 3209, 3285, 3299, 3435, 3508, 3529, 3555, 3592, 3606, 3639, 3660, 3686, 3814, 3850, 3873, 3990, 4092, 4130, 4204, 4220, 4232, 4279, 4291, 4369, 4388, 4412], 'Scholar).': [542, 659, 719, 786, 890, 1039, 1282, 1465, 1607, 1679, 1852, 2479, 2916, 3000, 3110, 3210, 3300, 3436, 3556, 3607, 3874, 3991, 4093, 4233], 'However,': [543, 1040, 1466], 'during': [544], 'energy': [545], 'transduction,': [546], 'small': [548], 'number': [549, 723], 'electrons': [551], '“leak”': [552], 'oxygen': [554, 596, 1058], 'prematurely': [555], '(2Muller': [556, 853, 969, 1105, 1669, 1842, 1920], 'F.': [557, 854, 970, 1026, 1106, 1238, 1608, 1670, 1843, 1921, 2105, 2231, 2354, 2420, 2500, 3534, 3665, 4344], 'J.': [558, 855, 866, 881, 908, 971, 1107, 1240, 1249, 1266, 1403, 1417, 1671, 1804, 1844, 1864, 1906, 1922, 1958, 1965, 1985, 2026, 2033, 2053, 2112, 2205, 2212, 2238, 2301, 2327, 2334, 2361, 2394, 2401, 2427, 2556, 2563, 2701, 3289, 3487, 3494, 3514, 3541, 3596, 3618, 3625, 3645, 3672, 3980, 4190, 4210, 4346, 4355, 4398], 'Am.': [559, 856, 972, 1108, 1672, 1845, 1923], 'Aging': [560, 857, 973, 1109, 1673, 1846, 1924], 'Assoc.': [561, 858, 974, 1110, 1674, 1847, 1925], '2000;': [562, 859, 975, 1111, 1275, 1675, 1848, 1926], '23:': [563, 860, 976, 1112, 1676, 1849, 1927], '227-253PubMed': [564, 861, 977, 1113, 1677, 1850, 1928], 'Scholar,': [566, 577, 646, 863, 876, 935, 979, 990, 1007, 1024, 1142, 1156, 1171, 1221, 1236, 1264, 1383, 1397, 1411, 1505, 1753, 1776, 1795, 1980, 2048, 2180, 2227, 2253, 2376, 2416, 2442, 2987, 3286, 3509, 3530, 3593, 3640, 3661, 4205, 4221, 4280, 4370, 4389], '3Skulachev': [567, 980], 'V.P.': [568, 981], 'Q.': [569, 982], 'Rev.': [570, 585, 638, 778, 983, 1598], 'Biophys.': [571, 925, 949, 984, 999, 1133, 1163, 1178, 1213, 1228, 1644, 1787, 4381], '1996;': [572, 652, 985, 2659, 2909, 4287], '29:': [573, 986], '169-202Crossref': [574, 987], 'PubMed': [575, 589, 642, 655, 715, 782, 872, 886, 914, 931, 955, 988, 1003, 1020, 1035, 1138, 1152, 1167, 1182, 1217, 1232, 1260, 1278, 1379, 1393, 1407, 1421, 1461, 1501, 1585, 1603, 1648, 1749, 1791, 1815, 1868, 1910, 1976, 1997, 2044, 2065, 2123, 2223, 2249, 2307, 2345, 2372, 2412, 2438, 2475, 2574, 2662, 2710, 2912, 2983, 3169, 3206, 3282, 3505, 3526, 3552, 3589, 3636, 3657, 3683, 3811, 3847, 3870, 3989, 4089, 4127, 4201, 4219, 4229, 4276, 4290, 4366, 4385, 4409], '4Chance': [578], 'B.': [579, 772, 3424], 'Sies': [580, 773], 'H.': [581, 774, 2503], 'Boveris': [582, 775, 1400, 1432, 1508, 1756, 2791], 'A.': [583, 776, 994, 1369, 1385, 1401, 1433, 1493, 1509, 1639, 1741, 1757, 2505, 2792, 4282], 'Physiol.': [584, 637, 777, 1599], '1979;': [586, 779, 1418], '59:': [587, 780], '527-605Crossref': [588, 781], 'Scopus': [590, 643, 656, 716, 783, 873, 887, 915, 932, 956, 1004, 1021, 1036, 1139, 1153, 1168, 1183, 1218, 1233, 1261, 1279, 1380, 1394, 1408, 1422, 1462, 1502, 1586, 1604, 1649, 1750, 1792, 1816, 1869, 1911, 1977, 1998, 2045, 2066, 2124, 2224, 2250, 2308, 2346, 2373, 2413, 2439, 2476, 2575, 2663, 2913, 2984, 2997, 3107, 3170, 3207, 3283, 3297, 3506, 3527, 3553, 3590, 3604, 3637, 3658, 3684, 3812, 3848, 3871, 4090, 4128, 4202, 4230, 4277, 4367, 4386, 4410], '(4830)': [591, 784], 'Scholar),': [593, 1652, 1819, 2453, 2578, 2811, 3687, 4131, 4292], 'forming': [594, 3745, 3829], 'free': [597, 794], 'radical': [598, 795], '((O2·¯)in': [600], 'and(HO2·)in': [604], 'protonated': [606], 'form),': [607], 'which': [608, 808, 1080, 1353, 1886, 4015, 4141], 'has': [609, 764, 3228], 'been': [610, 3229], 'implicated': [611], 'pathophysiology': [614], 'variety': [617], 'diseases': [619, 625], 'including': [620], "Parkinson's,": [621], "Huntington's,": [622], "Alzheimer's": [624], 'aging': [630], 'process': [631], 'itself': [632], '(5Beckman': [633], 'K.B.': [634], 'Ames': [635], 'B.N.': [636], '1998;': [639, 928, 952, 1582, 3844, 3867, 4086, 4124], '78:': [640], '547-581Crossref': [641], '(3142)': [644], '6Beal': [647], 'M.F.': [648, 2649, 2899], 'Curr.': [649], 'Opin.': [650], 'Neurobiol.': [651, 3843, 3866], '6:': [653], '661-666Crossref': [654], '(385)': [657], 'detrimental': [661], 'significance': [662], 'chain-derived': [667, 1289], 'illustrated': [671], 'by': [672, 754, 1532, 2090, 2155, 2164, 2718, 2726, 2876, 2935, 2942, 3098, 3357, 3472, 3771, 4034, 4056, 4153, 4178], 'lethal': [674], 'phenotype': [675], 'mice': [677, 2631, 2847, 2873], '(Sod2)': [684], 'gene': [685], '(7Li': [686], 'Y.': [687, 921, 945, 1268], 'Huang': [688, 1565], 'T.T.': [689], 'Carlson': [690], 'E.J.': [691], 'Melov': [692], 'S.': [693, 1415, 1982, 2050, 3511, 3642], 'Ursell': [694], 'P.C.': [695], 'Olson': [696], 'J.L.': [697, 2635, 2885], 'Noble': [698], 'L.J.': [699], 'Yoshimura': [700], 'M.P.': [701], 'Berger': [702], 'C.': [703, 1371, 1431, 1507, 1755, 2790, 2880], 'Chan': [704, 1269], 'P.H.': [705, 1270], 'Wallace': [706], 'D.C.': [707], 'Epstein': [708, 1800, 2881, 4186, 4394], 'C.J.': [709], 'Nat.': [710, 2657, 2907], 'Genet.': [711, 2658, 2908], '1995;': [712, 1807, 4193, 4401], '11:': [713], '376-381Crossref': [714], '(1455)': [717], 'While': [720, 4296], 'an': [721, 798, 1731, 3027, 3305, 3312, 3830, 3902, 3914, 4063, 4070], 'increasing': [722], 'investigators': [725, 1888], 'have': [726], 'focused': [727], 'their': [728], 'attention': [729], 'potential': [732, 4250], 'pathological': [733], 'effects': [734], '(and': [738], 'derivatives),': [740], 'there': [741, 1195], 'dearth': [744], 'information': [746], 'mechanisms': [749], 'deleterious': [751], 'chain.': [758], 'Indeed': [759], 'state': [761], 'knowledge': [763], 'not': [765, 1361, 2199, 3219, 3360, 3730, 4017, 4038, 4160], 'changed': [766], 'much': [767], 'since': [768, 1303], 'mid-1970s': [770], '(4Chance': [771], 'As': [787, 3712, 3966, 4040], 'such,': [788, 3713], 'diminishing': [789], 'rate': [791, 3265, 3341, 3413, 3468, 3854, 4145], 'remains': [797], 'elusive': [799], 'therapeutic': [800], 'strategy': [801], 'treatment': [804], 'disease': [806], 'thought': [811], 'involved.': [814], 'seek': [819], 'expand': [821], 'area': [823, 1066], 'investigation.': [825], 'basic': [827], 'facts': [828], 'summarized': [834], 'follows.': [836], 'At': [837], 'ultrastructural': [839], 'level,': [840, 1044], 'are': [845, 901, 2273, 2777], 'sites': [848, 897, 2283], '8Barja': [864, 906], 'G.': [865, 907, 1367], 'Bioenerg.': [867, 909, 2302], 'Biomembr.': [868, 910, 2303], '1999;': [869, 911, 1788, 4382], '31:': [870, 912], '347-366Crossref': [871, 913], '(413)': [874, 916], '9Votyakova': [877], 'T.V.': [878], 'Reynolds': [879], 'I.J.': [880], 'Neurochem.': [882], '2001;': [883, 1865, 1907], '79:': [884], '266-277Crossref': [885], '(510)': [888], 'most': [895, 1294, 1540], 'likely': [896], 'leakage': [900], '(Refs.': [905, 1365], 'Scholar': [918, 1452, 2349], '10Li': [920], 'Trush': [922, 946], 'M.A.': [923, 947, 1158, 1208], 'Biochem.': [924, 948, 998, 1162, 1177, 1212, 1227, 1402, 1416, 1643, 1786, 1863, 1905, 3165, 3202, 3431, 3807, 4380], 'Res.': [926, 950], 'Commun.': [927, 951], '253:': [929, 953, 3167, 3204], '295-299Crossref': [930, 954], '(400)': [933, 957], 'although': [936], 'some': [937, 1689], 'evidence': [938], 'also': [939, 1472, 3459, 4308], 'points': [940], 'flavin': [943], '(10Li': [944], 'Scholar)),': [959, 2515], 'while': [960, 2582], 'Qo': [967, 1345, 1696, 1722, 1831, 1876, 1941, 2587], 'semiquinone': [968], '11Turrens': [991], 'J.F.': [992, 1399, 1455, 1637], 'Alexandre': [993, 1638], 'Lehninger': [995, 1640], 'A.L.': [996, 1641], 'Arch.': [997, 1161, 1176, 1211, 1226, 1642, 1785, 4379], '1985;': [1000, 1645, 3294, 3601], '237:': [1001, 1646], '408-414Crossref': [1002, 1647], '(1070)': [1005, 1650], '12Muller': [1008], 'F.L.': [1009], 'Roberts': [1010], 'A.G.': [1011, 2633, 2883], 'Bowman': [1012], 'M.K.': [1013], 'Kramer': [1014, 1029], 'D.M.': [1015, 1030], 'Biochemistry.': [1016, 1031], '2003;': [1017, 1252, 1994, 2062, 2115, 2241, 2364, 2430, 2510, 3523, 3544, 3654, 3675, 4358], '42:': [1018, 1377], '6493-6499Crossref': [1019], '(118)': [1022], '13Muller': [1025], 'Crofts': [1027, 1575], 'A.R.': [1028, 1576, 1596], '2002;': [1032, 1149, 1968, 2036, 2215, 2337, 2404, 2566, 3497, 3628, 4226, 4273], '41:': [1033], '7866-7874Crossref': [1034], '(141)': [1037], 'atomic': [1043], 'chemical': [1046], 'details': [1047], 'either': [1049, 1087], 'reaction': [1050, 3389, 3438, 3701, 3727, 3858, 3932, 3939, 3947, 4021, 4312], 'completely': [1052], 'unknown': [1053], '(for': [1054], 'example,': [1055], 'does': [1057, 3218, 3729], 'actually': [1059], 'reduction': [1062], 'site?).': [1063], 'An': [1064], 'important': [1065], 'controversy,': [1068], 'directly': [1069], 'relevant': [1070], 'understanding': [1072], 'mechanism': [1074], 'formation,': [1077], 'side': [1081, 1100, 1104, 1302, 1356, 2144, 2537], 'releases': [1093, 2139, 2532], '(either': [1095], 'cytoplasmic': [1103, 1205, 2143, 2536], 'Scholar)).': [1115, 2311, 2666, 3173, 3851], 'Anionic': [1116], '(O2(aq))': [1118], 'highly': [1120, 1192], 'membrane-impermeable': [1121], "(14Gus'kova": [1122], 'R.A.': [1123], 'Ivanov': [1124], 'I.I.': [1125], "Kol'tover": [1126], 'V.K.': [1127], 'Akhobadze': [1128], 'V.V.': [1129], 'Rubin': [1130], 'A.B.': [1131], 'Biochim.': [1132], 'Acta.': [1134], '1984;': [1135], '778:': [1136], '579-585Crossref': [1137], '(92)': [1140], '15Korshunov': [1143], 'S.S.': [1144], 'Imlay': [1145], 'J.A.': [1146, 1960, 2028, 2207, 2329, 2396, 2558, 3489, 3620], 'Mol.': [1147, 3842, 3865], 'Microbiol.': [1148], '43:': [1150], '95-106Crossref': [1151], '(125)': [1154], '16Takahashi': [1157], 'Asada': [1159, 1174, 1209, 1224], 'K.': [1160, 1175, 1210, 1225, 1242, 1413, 2991, 3803, 4348], '1983;': [1164, 1214], '226:': [1165, 1215], '558-566Crossref': [1166, 1216], '(277)': [1169, 1219], '17Takahashi': [1172, 1222], 'M.': [1173, 1223, 1610, 3157, 3194, 3840, 3863], '1988;': [1179, 1229], '267:': [1180, 1230], '714-722Crossref': [1181, 1231], '(122)': [1184, 1234], 'Scholar)': [1186, 1872, 1914, 1930, 2001, 2069, 2127, 2712, 3815], 'such': [1187, 4304], 'biologically': [1189], 'compartmentalized,': [1193], 'i.e.': [1194], 'flux': [1198, 2459], 'between': [1199, 2923], 'pools': [1201], '(16Takahashi': [1207], '18Missirlis': [1237], 'Hu': [1239, 4345], 'Kirby': [1241, 4347], 'Hilliker': [1243, 4349], 'A.J.': [1244, 2463, 3270, 3577, 4350], 'Rouault': [1245, 4351], 'T.A.': [1246, 4352], 'Phillips': [1247, 4353], 'J.P.': [1248, 4354], 'Biol.': [1250, 1273, 1805, 1966, 1992, 2034, 2060, 2113, 2213, 2239, 2335, 2362, 2402, 2428, 2470, 2508, 2564, 2702, 3277, 3495, 3521, 3542, 3584, 3626, 3652, 3673, 3981, 4084, 4122, 4191, 4211, 4356, 4399], 'Chem.': [1251, 1806, 1967, 2035, 2114, 2214, 2240, 2336, 2363, 2403, 2429, 2565, 2703, 3291, 3496, 3543, 3598, 3627, 3674, 3982, 4192, 4212, 4357, 4400], '278:': [1253, 2116, 2242, 2365, 2431, 3545, 3676, 4359], '47365-47369Abstract': [1254, 4360], 'Full': [1255, 1257, 1810, 1812, 1971, 1973, 2039, 2041, 2118, 2120, 2218, 2220, 2244, 2246, 2340, 2342, 2367, 2369, 2407, 2409, 2433, 2435, 2569, 2571, 2707, 3500, 3502, 3547, 3549, 3631, 3633, 3678, 3680, 3986, 4196, 4198, 4216, 4361, 4363, 4404, 4406], 'Text': [1256, 1258, 1811, 1813, 1972, 1974, 2040, 2042, 2119, 2121, 2219, 2221, 2245, 2247, 2341, 2343, 2368, 2370, 2408, 2410, 2434, 2436, 2570, 2572, 2708, 3501, 3503, 3548, 3550, 3632, 3634, 3679, 3681, 3987, 4197, 4199, 4217, 4362, 4364, 4405, 4407], 'PDF': [1259, 1814, 1975, 2043, 2122, 2222, 2248, 2344, 2371, 2411, 2437, 2573, 2709, 3504, 3551, 3635, 3682, 3988, 4200, 4218, 4365, 4408], '(89)': [1262, 4368], '19Copin': [1265], 'Gasche': [1267], 'Free': [1271, 1990, 2058, 2468, 2493, 2506, 3275, 3519, 3582, 3650, 4082, 4120], 'Radic.': [1272, 1991, 2059, 2469, 2507, 3276, 3520, 3583, 3651, 4083, 4121], 'Med.': [1274, 1993, 2061, 2471, 2509, 3278, 3522, 3585, 3653, 4085, 4123], '28:': [1276], '1571-1576Crossref': [1277], '(76)': [1280], 'first': [1284], 'studies': [1285, 2786, 2947], 'concluded': [1292], 'extruded': [1298], 'was': [1305, 1543, 1548, 1560, 1686, 1718, 2076, 2592, 2724, 3005, 3024, 3033, 3045, 3063, 3090, 3115, 3134, 3144, 3243, 3302, 3769, 3877, 3897, 3911, 3933, 4104, 4149], 'antimycin': [1309, 1487], 'A-': [1310], 'rotenone-treated': [1312], 'submitochondrial': [1313, 1321], 'particles': [1314], '(SMPs,': [1315], '1The': [1316], 'abbreviations': [1317], 'used': [1318, 2315, 2838, 2848, 2918, 3087, 3374, 3460, 3759, 3971, 4048, 4168], 'are:': [1319], 'SMP,': [1320], 'particle;': [1322], 'Q,': [1323], 'ubiquinone;': [1324], 'SOD,': [1325, 3718], 'dismutase;': [1327], 'HRP,': [1328], 'horseradish': [1329], 'peroxidase;': [1330], 'cyt': [1331, 3724], 'c,': [1332], 'cytochrome': [1333, 3693], 'c;': [1334], 'MCLA,': [1335], 'modified': [1336, 3067, 3078], 'analog;': [1339], 'DHE,': [1340], 'dihydroethidine;': [1341], 'IMS,': [1342], 'space;': [1344], 'site;': [1349], 'DMPO,': [1350], '5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide.': [1351], 'faces': [1357], 'medium)': [1359], '20Loschen': [1366], 'Azzi': [1368], 'Richter': [1370], 'Flohe': [1372], 'L.': [1373, 1566, 1609, 1987, 2055, 2865, 2951, 2989, 3516, 3647, 4077, 4079, 4115, 4117], 'FEBS': [1374, 1388, 1496, 1744], 'Lett.': [1375, 1389, 1497, 1745], '1974;': [1376, 3104], '68-72Crossref': [1378], '(505)': [1381], '21Boveris': [1384], 'Cadenas': [1386, 1434, 1494, 1510, 1742, 1758, 1861, 1903, 2110, 2236, 2359, 2425, 2793, 3539, 3670], 'E.': [1387, 1435, 1495, 1511, 1743, 1759, 1860, 1862, 1902, 1904, 2111, 2237, 2360, 2426, 2794, 3540, 3671], '1975;': [1390, 1498, 1746], '54:': [1391, 1499, 1747], '311-314Crossref': [1392, 1500, 1748], '(334)': [1395, 1503, 1751], '22Turrens': [1398], '1980;': [1404], '191:': [1405], '421-427Crossref': [1406], '(1365)': [1409], '23Takeshige': [1412], 'Minakami': [1414], '180:': [1419], '129-135Crossref': [1420], '(258)': [1423], 'Scholar;': [1425, 1589, 2265], 'reviews,': [1427], 'see': [1428, 1593], 'Refs.': [1429, 2202, 2324], '24Guillivi': [1430, 1506, 1754], 'Gilbert': [1436, 1512, 1760, 2795], 'D.': [1437, 1513, 1761, 1858, 1900, 2103, 2109, 2229, 2235, 2352, 2358, 2418, 2424, 2796, 3532, 3538, 3663, 3669], 'Colton': [1438, 1514, 1762, 2797], 'C.A.': [1439, 1515, 1763, 2798], 'Reactive': [1440, 1516, 1764, 2799], 'Oxygen': [1441, 1517, 1765, 2800], 'Species': [1442, 1518, 1766, 2801], 'Biological': [1444, 1520, 1768, 2803], 'Systems.': [1445, 1521, 1769, 2804], 'Kluwer': [1446, 1522, 1770, 2805], 'Academic/Plenum': [1447, 1523, 1771, 2806], 'Publishers,': [1448, 1524, 1772, 2807], 'York1999:': [1450, 1526, 1774, 2809], '77-102Google': [1451, 1527, 1775, 2810], '25Turrens': [1454], 'Biosci.': [1456], 'Rep.': [1457], '1997;': [1458, 3166, 3203, 3808], '17:': [1459, 2473, 3280, 3433, 3587], '3-8Crossref': [1460], '(754)': [1463], 'concomitant': [1467], 'H2O2': [1470, 2612, 2764, 3140, 3142, 3226, 3237, 3267, 3343, 3415, 3474, 3732, 3746, 3752], 'about': [1476], 'half': [1477], 'A': [1488, 3557, 4247], '(thus': [1489], 'III-derived': [1491, 2074, 2815], '(21Boveris': [1492, 1740], 'Scholar))': [1528], 'explained': [1531, 2089], 'net': [1533, 2004, 2601, 3762], '(outward)(O2·¯)release': [1534], 'SMPs.': [1536], 'view': [1538, 2134], 'directed': [1544], 'toward': [1545], 'unchallenged': [1549], 'until': [1550], 'very': [1551, 3252, 3798], 'recently': [1552], 'when': [1553], 'x-ray': [1555, 1615], 'structure': [1556, 1616], 'solved': [1561], '(Ref.': [1562, 2169], '26Zhang': [1563], 'Z.': [1564, 3159, 3196], 'Shulmeister': [1567], 'V.M.': [1568], 'Chi': [1569], 'Y.I.': [1570], 'Kim': [1571, 1579], 'K.K.': [1572], 'Hung': [1573], 'L.W.': [1574], 'Berry': [1577], 'E.A.': [1578], 'S.H.': [1580], 'Nature.': [1581, 2979], '392:': [1583], '677-684Crossref': [1584], '(939)': [1587], 'review,': [1592], 'Ref.': [1594, 3292, 3599], '27Crofts': [1595], 'Annu.': [1597], '2004;': [1600], '66:': [1601], '689-733Crossref': [1602], '(377)': [1605], 'pointed': [1611], 'out': [1612, 2295], 'unambiguously': [1620], 'shows': [1621], '(Qo': [1626], 'site),': [1627], '(11Turrens': [1636], 'located': [1655, 2742], 'adjacent': [1657], 'space': [1661], '(IMS)': [1662], 'quite': [1664], 'distant': [1665], 'Based': [1680], 'structural': [1683], 'evidence,': [1684], 'argued': [1687, 2070, 2270], 'fraction': [1690], 'derived': [1693, 2584], 'IMS': [1703, 2080, 2094, 2391], 'that,': [1705], 'if': [1706], 'supporting': [1709], 'were': [1715, 1915, 2198, 2486, 2842, 2852, 2874, 2922, 2931, 2940, 2958, 3086, 3375], 'correct,': [1716], 'ability': [1720], 'site-derived': [1723], 'begged': [1730], 'explanation.': [1732], 'Taking': [1733], 'latter': [1735, 4264], 'correct': [1739], '28Longo': [1777, 4371], 'V.D.': [1778, 4372], 'Liou': [1779, 4373], 'L.L.': [1780, 4374], 'Valentine': [1781, 4375], 'J.S.': [1782, 4376], 'Gralla': [1783, 4377], 'E.B.': [1784, 4378], '365:': [1789, 4383], '131-142Crossref': [1790, 4384], '(185)': [1793, 4387], '29Gardner': [1796, 4390], 'P.R.': [1797, 2698, 4183, 4207, 4223, 4270, 4391], 'Raineri': [1798, 4184, 4392], 'I.': [1799, 2700, 3979, 4081, 4119, 4185, 4209, 4284, 4393], 'L.B.': [1801, 4187, 4395], 'White': [1802, 4188, 4396], 'C.W.': [1803, 4189, 4397], '270:': [1808, 4194, 4402], '13399-13405Abstract': [1809, 4195, 4403], '(433)': [1817, 4203, 4411], 'formulated': [1821], 'simple': [1823], 'model': [1824], 'explain': [1827, 2830], 'Subsequently': [1853], 'Han': [1854, 1896, 2099], 'et': [1855, 1897, 1954, 2022, 2100, 2552], 'al.': [1856, 1898, 1955, 2023, 2101, 2553], '(30Han': [1857, 1899], 'Williams': [1859, 1901, 3425], '353:': [1866, 1908], '411-416Crossref': [1867, 1909], '(481)': [1870, 1912], 'demonstrated': [1873, 2002], 'site-dependent': [1877], 'DMPO': [1878], 'signal': [1879, 3910, 4006, 4033], 'indeed': [1881, 2593, 2818], 'detected': [1883, 3878, 4139], 'mitoplasts,': [1885], 'these': [1887], 'interpreted': [1889], 'IMS.': [1895], 'aware': [1916], 'difficulties': [1919], 'regarding': [1931], 'reconciliation': [1933], '(the': [1940, 4144], 'site)': [1942], 'Later': [1951], 'St.': [1952, 1983, 2020, 2051, 2550, 3512, 3643], 'Pierre': [1953, 1957, 1984, 2021, 2025, 2052, 2204, 2326, 2393, 2551, 2555, 3486, 3513, 3617, 3644], '(31St.': [1956, 2024, 2392, 2554, 3485, 3616], 'Buckingham': [1959, 2027, 2206, 2328, 2395, 2557, 3488, 3619], 'Roebuck': [1961, 2029, 2208, 2330, 2397, 2559, 3490, 3621], 'S.J.': [1962, 2030, 2173, 2209, 2258, 2331, 2398, 2446, 2560, 3491, 3622], 'Brand': [1963, 1988, 2031, 2056, 2210, 2332, 2399, 2561, 3492, 3517, 3623, 3648], 'M.D.': [1964, 1989, 2032, 2057, 2211, 2333, 2400, 2562, 3493, 3518, 3624, 3649], '277:': [1969, 2037, 2216, 2338, 2405, 2567, 3498, 3629], '44784-44790Abstract': [1970, 2038, 2217, 2339, 2406, 2568, 3499, 3630], '(1235)': [1978, 2046, 2225, 2347, 2414, 2576, 3507, 3638], '32Miwa': [1981, 2049, 3510, 3641], 'Partridge': [1986, 2054, 3515, 3646], '35:': [1995, 2063, 3524, 3655], '938-948Crossref': [1996, 2064, 3525, 3656], '(265)': [1999, 2067, 3528, 3659], '25–75%': [2011], 'through': [2017, 3047], 'III.': [2019], 'all': [2072, 2382, 2836, 3028, 3364], '75–25%': [2084], 'unaccounted': [2085], 'action': [2092], 'CuZn-SOD.': [2095], 'later': [2097], '(33Han': [2102], 'Antunes': [2104, 2230, 2353, 2419, 3533, 3664], 'Canali': [2106, 2232, 2355, 2421, 3535, 3666], 'R.': [2107, 2233, 2356, 2422, 3536, 3667], 'Rettori': [2108, 2234, 2357, 2423, 3537, 3668], '5557-5563Abstract': [2117, 2243, 2366, 2432, 3546, 3677], '(568)': [2125, 2251, 2374, 2440, 3554, 3685], 'took': [2128], 'similar': [2130, 3799], 'position,': [2131], '(i.e.': [2149], 'IMS)': [2150], 'seems': [2151], 'embraced': [2154], 'mainstream': [2157], 'scientific': [2160], 'community': [2161], 'judged': [2163], '(leading)': [2166], 'recent': [2167], 'textbook': [2168], '34Nicholls': [2170, 2255, 2443], 'D.G.': [2171, 2256, 2444, 2647, 2897], 'Ferguson': [2172, 2257, 2445], 'Bioenergetics': [2174, 2259, 2447], '3.': [2175, 2260, 2448], 'Academic': [2176, 2261, 2449], 'Press,': [2177, 2262, 2450], 'London2002:': [2178, 2263, 2451], '128Google': [2179, 2264, 2452], 'p.': [2181], '128).': [2182], 'contradictory': [2184], 'SMPs': [2187, 2272, 2685, 2788], 'indicating': [2188, 3125], 'discussed': [2200], '31St.': [2203, 2325], '33Han': [2228, 2351, 2417, 3531, 3662], 'however,': [2266], 'might': [2268], 'disrupted': [2275], 'properly': [2277], 'resolve': [2278], 'topology': [2280], '(SMPs': [2287], 'contaminated': [2290], 'unsealed': [2292], 'vesicles,': [2293, 2296], 'rightside': [2294], 'sheets': [2298], '(35Harmon': [2299], 'H.J.': [2300], '1987;': [2304], '19:': [2305], '167-189Crossref': [2306], '(9)': [2309], 'Alternatively,': [2312], 'technique': [2314], 'estimates': [2319], 'thereby': [2378], 'conclusion': [2380], 'known': [2455, 4299], 'overestimate': [2457], '(36Kettle': [2462, 3269, 3576], 'Carr': [2464, 3271, 3578], 'A.C.': [2465, 3272, 3579], 'Winterbourn': [2466, 3273, 3580], 'C.C.': [2467, 3274, 3581], '1994;': [2472, 3279, 3586], '161-164Crossref': [2474, 3281, 3588], '(28)': [2477, 3284, 3591], 'report': [2483], '(preliminary': [2484], 'results': [2485], 'presented': [2487], '2003': [2490], 'Society': [2491], 'Radical': [2494], 'Biology': [2495], 'Medicine': [2497], 'conference': [2498], '(37Muller': [2499], 'Van': [2501], 'Remmen': [2502], 'Richardson': [2504], '35': [2511], '(Abstr.': [2512], '52):': [2513], 'S26Google': [2514], 'address': [2517, 3609], 'previous': [2518, 3614, 4112], 'experimental': [2519], 'shortcomings': [2520], 'challenge': [2523], 'newly': [2525], 'popular': [2526], 'opinion': [2527], 'Using': [2542], 'refined': [2544], 'version': [2545], 'assay': [2548, 2696, 3223, 3464], 'skeletal': [2597, 2964, 3003, 3022], 'muscle': [2598, 2965, 3004, 3023], 'mitochondria,': [2599], 'accounts': [2605], 'more': [2608], 'than': [2609, 4323], '(by': [2614], 'extension': [2615], 'production)': [2620], 'CuZn-SOD': [2628, 2870, 3242], '(from': [2629], 'Sod1–/–': [2630], '(38Reaume': [2632, 2882], 'Elliott': [2634, 2884], 'Hoffman': [2636, 2886], 'E.K.': [2637, 2887], 'Kowall': [2638, 2888], 'N.W.': [2639, 2889], 'Ferrante': [2640, 2890], 'R.J.': [2641, 2891], 'Siwek': [2642, 2892], 'D.F.': [2643, 2893], 'Wilcox': [2644, 2894], 'H.M.': [2645, 2895], 'Flood': [2646, 2896], 'Beal': [2648, 2898], 'Brown': [2650, 2900], 'Jr.,': [2651, 2901], 'R.H.': [2652, 2902], 'Scott': [2653, 2903], 'R.W.': [2654, 2904, 3101], 'Snider': [2655, 2905], 'W.D.': [2656, 2906], '13:': [2660, 2910], '43-47Crossref': [2661, 2911], '(1048)': [2664, 2914], 'To': [2667, 3608], 'matrix,': [2679], 'avoided': [2681], 'use': [2683], '(noting': [2686], 'potentially': [2688], 'confounding': [2689], 'factors),': [2690], 'instead': [2691], 'inhibition': [2695, 2732, 2747, 3788, 4175], '(39Gardner': [2697], 'Fridovich': [2699, 3978, 4080, 4118, 4181, 4208, 4283], '1991;': [2704, 4213], '266:': [2705, 4214], '19328-19333Abstract': [2706, 4215], 'corroborated': [2725], 'observation': [2728], 'profound': [2731], 'activity,': [2735, 4258], 'sensitive': [2737, 4332], 'target': [2738], 'compartment.': [2745], 'occurred': [2750], 'exogenously': [2756, 3482], 'added': [2757, 3244, 3483, 3689], 'SOD': [2758, 3484, 3737, 3755, 4026, 4158], 'verifying': [2761], 'neither': [2763], 'nor': [2765], 're-entry': [2766], 'effect.': [2774], 'fully': [2779], 'agreement': [2781], 'initial': [2783], 'conclusions': [2784], '(24Guillivi': [2789], 'confirming': [2812], 'observation.': [2832], 'Chemicals—Unless': [2833], 'stated': [2834], 'otherwise,': [2835], 'chemicals': [2837], 'study': [2841, 2851, 2921], 'obtained': [2843], 'Sigma.': [2845], 'Animals—All': [2846], 'C57B6/J': [2855], 'background': [2856, 3403], 'housed': [2858], 'vivarium': [2861], 'Audie': [2864, 2950], 'Murphy': [2866, 2952], 'Veterans': [2867, 2953], 'Affairs': [2868, 2954], 'Hospital.': [2869, 2955], 'knock-out': [2871], '(Sod1–/–)': [2872], 'generated': [2875], 'laboratory': [2878], 'Mice': [2917], '3': [2924], '8': [2926], 'months': [2927], 'age.': [2929], 'Animals': [2930], 'anesthetized': [2932], 'sacrificed': [2934], 'cervical': [2936], 'dislocation.': [2937], 'All': [2938], 'procedures': [2939], 'approved': [2941], 'subcommittee': [2944], 'animal': [2946], 'Mitochondrial': [2956], 'Purification—Mitochondria': [2957], 'purified': [2959], 'whole': [2961], 'hind': [2962], 'limb': [2963, 3002], '(predominantly': [2966], 'gastrocnemius': [2967], 'soleus)': [2969], 'according': [2970], 'Chappell': [2972], 'Perry': [2974, 2977], '(40Chappell': [2975], 'J.B.': [2976], 'S.V.': [2978], '1954;': [2980], '173:': [2981], '1094-1095Crossref': [2982], '(152)': [2985], '41Ernster': [2988], 'Nordenbrand': [2990], 'Methods': [2992, 3102, 4224, 4271, 4285], 'Enzymol.': [2993, 3103, 3428, 4225, 4272, 4286], '1967;': [2994], '10:': [2995, 3105], '86-94Crossref': [2996], '(103)': [2998], 'Hind': [3001], 'excised,': [3006], 'weighed,': [3007], 'bathed': [3008], '150': [3010], 'mm': [3011, 3377, 3381, 3443, 3446, 3449, 3951, 3954, 3957, 3960, 3993], 'KCl,': [3012, 3444, 3952], 'placed': [3014], 'Chappell-Perry': [3016, 3068, 3079], 'buffer': [3017, 3069, 3080, 3392, 3397, 3439, 3702, 3940, 3948, 4022, 4100], 'nagarse.': [3019], 'minced': [3021], 'homogenized': [3025], 'glass': [3029], 'homogenizer.': [3030], 'homogenate': [3032], 'centrifuged': [3034, 3052], '10': [3036, 3058, 3445, 3953], 'min': [3037], '600': [3039], '×': [3040, 3055], 'g,': [3041], 'supernatant': [3044], 'passed': [3046], 'cheesecloth': [3049], 'layers': [3050], '14,000': [3054], 'g': [3056], 'min.': [3059], 'resultant': [3061], 'pellet': [3062], 'washed': [3064], '0.5%': [3071], 'bovine': [3072, 3082], 'serum': [3073, 3083], 'albumin': [3074], 'without': [3081, 3419], 'albumin.': [3084], 'Mitochondria': [3085], 'immediately.': [3088], 'Respiration': [3089], 'measured': [3091, 3135, 3145, 3770], 'Clark': [3094], 'electrode': [3095], 'described': [3097, 4102], 'Estabrook': [3099], '(42Estabrook': [3100], '41-47Crossref': [3106], '(1896)': [3108], 'respiratory': [3112], 'control': [3113], 'ratio': [3114], '∼5.5': [3116], 'glutamate/malate': [3118], '∼2.5': [3120], 'succinate': [3122, 3378], '+': [3123, 3383, 3995, 4108], 'rotenone,': [3124], 'intactness': [3126], 'Protein': [3132], 'concentration': [3133], 'Biuret': [3138], 'method.': [3139], 'Production—Mitochondrial': [3141], 'Amplex™': [3148], 'red-horseradish': [3149], 'peroxidase': [3150, 3175], 'method': [3151, 4164, 4176], '(Molecular': [3152, 4050], 'Probes,': [3153], 'Eugene,': [3154], 'OR': [3155], '(43Zhou': [3156, 3193], 'Diwu': [3158, 3195], 'Panchuk-Voloshina': [3160, 3197], 'N.': [3161, 3198], 'Haugland': [3162, 3199], 'R.P.': [3163, 3200], 'Anal.': [3164, 3201, 3806], '162-168Crossref': [3168, 3205], '(1119)': [3171, 3208], 'Horseradish': [3174], '(HRP,': [3176], '2': [3177, 3959], 'units/ml)': [3178], 'catalyzes': [3179, 4235], 'H2O2-dependent': [3181], 'non-fluorescent': [3184], 'Amplex': [3185, 3407, 3462, 3699], 'red': [3186, 3192, 3408, 3700], '(80': [3187], 'μm)': [3188], 'fluorescent': [3190, 4060], 'resorufin': [3191], 'Since': [3211], 'HRP': [3212, 3255, 3575], 'large': [3215], 'protein': [3216], 'membranes,': [3221], 'detects': [3225], '(it': [3234], 'cannot': [3235], 'measure': [3236], 'inside': [3238], 'mitochondria).': [3239], '200': [3240], 'units/ml': [3241, 3352, 4157], 'convert': [3246], 'all(O2·¯)into': [3247], 'H2O2,': [3248, 4306], 'necessity': [3250], 'since(O2·¯)reacts': [3251], 'rapidly': [3253], 'HRP-Compound': [3257], 'resulting': [3259], 'underestimation': [3261], 'actual': [3264], '44Bielski': [3287, 3594], 'B.H.': [3288, 3595], 'Phys.': [3290, 3597], 'Data.': [3293, 3600], '14:': [3295, 3602], '1041-1091Crossref': [3296, 3603], '(1846)': [3298, 3605], 'Fluorescence': [3301], 'followed': [3303], 'excitation': [3306, 4064], 'wavelength': [3307, 3314], '545': [3309], 'nm': [3310, 3317, 3838, 4068, 4075], 'emission': [3313, 3876, 4071], '590': [3316], 'Fluoroskan': [3320], 'Ascent': [3321, 3884], 'type': [3322, 3885], '374': [3323, 3886], 'multiwell': [3324], 'plate': [3325], 'reader': [3326], '(Labsystems,': [3327], 'Helsinki,': [3328], 'Finland).': [3329], 'slope': [3331, 3356, 4143], 'increase': [3334, 3750, 4003, 4134], 'fluorescence': [3336, 4136], 'converted': [3338], 'standard': [3347], 'curve.': [3348], 'Addition': [3349, 4024], '450': [3351], 'catalase': [3353], 'decreased': [3354, 4030], '∼99%': [3358], '(data': [3359, 4037, 4159], 'shown).': [3361, 4039, 4161], 'assays': [3365], '30': [3367], '°C': [3368], 'black': [3370], '96-well': [3371, 3893], 'plates.': [3372, 3894], 'Substrates': [3373], '9': [3376], '5': [3380, 3448, 3956, 3963], 'glutamate': [3382], 'malate.': [3384], 'For': [3385], 'each': [3386], 'assay,': [3387, 4046], 'one': [3388], 'contained': [3391, 3396, 3949], 'another': [3395], 'estimate': [3401, 3411, 3466, 3761], 'rates': [3405], 'substrate': [3420], '(state': [3421], '1)': [3422, 3775], '(45Chance': [3423], 'G.R.': [3426], 'Adv.': [3427], 'Relat.': [3429], 'Subj.': [3430], '1956;': [3432], '65-134PubMed': [3434], 'consisted': [3440], '125': [3442, 3950], 'HEPES,': [3447, 3955], 'MgCl2,': [3450, 3958], '2mm': [3451], 'K2HPO4,': [3452, 3961], 'pH': [3453], '7.44.': [3454], '.study': [3457], 'red-H2O2': [3463], 'O2': [3470], 'measuring': [3473], 'absence': [3480, 3716], 'weakness': [3558], 'approach': [3561], 'overestimated': [3567], 'because': [3568], 'reduce': [3572], 'oxidize': [3574], 'problem': [3611], 'procedure': [3615], '20': [3690, 3917], 'μm': [3691, 3964, 4096], 'acetylated': [3692, 3723], 'c': [3694, 3725], '(cyt': [3695], 'c)': [3696], 'act': [3704], '“sink”': [3708], '(instead': [3709], 'HRP).': [3711], 'extramitochondrially': [3719], 'reduces': [3722], '(a': [3726], 'yield': [3731], 'product).': [3735], 'When': [3736], 'added,': [3739], 'reacts': [3742, 3826, 4261], 'it,': [3744], 'instead.': [3747], 'upon': [3754], 'addition': [3756, 4154], 'release.': [3765], 'Production—Superoxide': [3767], 'three': [3772], 'methods:': [3774], 'MCLA': [3776, 3792, 3824, 3909, 4032, 4045], 'analog)': [3780], 'chemiluminescence,': [3781], '2)': [3782], 'dihydroethidine': [3783, 4049], '(DHE)': [3784], 'fluorescence,': [3785], '3)': [3787], 'activity.': [3791], '(2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-α]-pyrazin-3-one,': [3793], 'Molecular': [3794], 'Probes)': [3795], 'chemically': [3797], 'coelenterazine': [3801], '(47Teranishi': [3802], 'Shimomura': [3804], 'O.': [3805], '249:': [3809], '37-43Crossref': [3810], '(63)': [3813], 'brighter': [3818], 'luminescence': [3819, 3926], 'response': [3821], 'superoxide.': [3823], 'reversibly': [3825], 'adduct': [3831], 'whose': [3832], 'irreversible': [3833], 'decay': [3834], 'generates': [3835], 'light': [3836], '(∼465': [3837], '(48Nakano': [3839, 3862], 'Cell.': [3841, 3864], '18:': [3845, 3868], '565-579Crossref': [3846, 3869], '(75)': [3849, 3872], 'apparent': [3853], 'constant': [3855], '∼105m–1': [3860], 's–1': [3861, 4268], 'Light': [3875], 'quantified': [3880, 3912], 'Fluoroskan-FL': [3883], 'microplate': [3887], 'luminometer': [3888], '(Labsystems)': [3889], 'opaque': [3891], '(white)': [3892], 'photomultiplier': [3896], 'set': [3898], 'default': [3900], 'integration': [3903], 'time': [3904], '1000': [3906], 'ms.': [3907], 'integral': [3915], 's': [3918], 'continuous': [3920], 'measurement': [3921], 'expressed': [3923], 'relative': [3925], 'units/mg': [3927], 'protein.': [3930, 3945], 'conducted': [3934], '100': [3936, 4156], 'μl': [3937], 'containing': [3941], '∼0.5': [3942], 'mg/ml': [3943], 'MCLA.': [3965], 'positive': [3968], 'control,': [3969], 'xanthine/xanthine': [3973], 'oxidase': [3974, 3999, 4013], 'system': [3975], '(49McCord': [3976], 'J.M.': [3977], '1969;': [3983], '244:': [3984], '6049-6055Abstract': [3985], '1': [3992], 'xanthine': [3994, 3998, 4010, 4012, 4107, 4109], '0.1': [3996], 'unit/ml': [3997], 'caused': [4000], '∼100-fold': [4002], 'chemiluminescent': [4005], 'compared': [4008], 'alone,': [4014], 'did': [4016], 'differ': [4018], 'significantly': [4019], 'alone.': [4023], '(CuZn-SOD': [4027], 'erythrocytes)': [4029], 'over': [4035], '98%': [4036], 'confirmation': [4042], 'Probes).': [4051], 'compound': [4053], 'oxidized': [4055], 'product': [4061], 'maximum': [4065, 4072], '498': [4067], '598': [4074], '(50Benov': [4076, 4114], 'Sztejnberg': [4078, 4116], '25:': [4087, 4125], '826-831Crossref': [4088, 4126], '(426)': [4091, 4129], 'DHE': [4094], '(50': [4095], 'same': [4099], 'above)': [4103], 'tested': [4105], 'oxidase.': [4110], 'Confirming': [4111], 'work': [4113, 4171], 'steady': [4133], 'formation)': [4148], 'reduced': [4150], 'zero': [4152], 'third': [4163], 'detection': [4167], 'developed': [4177], 'Gardner': [4179], '(29Gardner': [4182], '39Gardner': [4206], '51Gardner': [4222], '349:': [4227, 4274], '9-23Crossref': [4228, 4275], '(247)': [4231, 4278], 'Aconitase': [4234], 'reversible': [4237], 'isomerization': [4238], 'citrate': [4240], 'isocitrate': [4242], '(cis-aconitate': [4243], 'being': [4244], 'intermediate).': [4246], 'low': [4248], 'redox': [4249], '4Fe-4S': [4251], 'cluster': [4253], 'required': [4255], 'around': [4266], '∼106m–1': [4267], '(51Gardner': [4269], '52Hausladen': [4281], '269:': [4288], '37-41Crossref': [4289], 'inactivating': [4293], 'enzyme.': [4295], 'other': [4301], 'reactive': [4302], 'species,': [4303], 'inactivate': [4309], 'aconitase,': [4310], 'several': [4318], 'orders': [4319], 'magnitude': [4321], 'faster': [4322], 'H2O2.': [4326], 'activity': [4329], 'index': [4333], 'vivo': [4339], 'vitro': [4342], '(18Missirlis': [4343], 'Schola': [4413]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983078193', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 45}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 67}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 55}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 51}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 56}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 55}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 72}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T04:02:24.316043', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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