Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1981882110', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.085', 'title': 'Elliptic flow at RHIC: Where and when was it formed?', 'display_name': 'Elliptic flow at RHIC: Where and when was it formed?', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-10-12', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1981882110', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.085', 'mag': '1981882110'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.085', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0412343', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103936431', 'display_name': 'L.V. Bravina', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19880235', 'display_name': 'Lomonosov Moscow State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010pmpe69', 'country_code': 'RU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19880235']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I184942183', 'display_name': 'University of Oslo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01xtthb56', 'country_code': 'NO', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184942183']}], 'countries': ['NO', 'RU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L.V. Bravina', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway', 'Skobeltzyn Institute for Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, RU-119899 Moscow, Russia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Skobeltzyn Institute for Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, RU-119899 Moscow, Russia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19880235']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184942183']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063256882', 'display_name': 'Konrad Tywoniuk', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-0010'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I184942183', 'display_name': 'University of Oslo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01xtthb56', 'country_code': 'NO', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184942183']}], 'countries': ['NO'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Tywoniuk', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184942183']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082113550', 'display_name': 'E. Zabrodin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3093-6769'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19880235', 'display_name': 'Lomonosov Moscow State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010pmpe69', 'country_code': 'RU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19880235']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I184942183', 'display_name': 'University of Oslo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01xtthb56', 'country_code': 'NO', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184942183']}], 'countries': ['NO', 'RU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E.E. Zabrodin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway', 'Skobeltzyn Institute for Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, RU-119899 Moscow, Russia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Skobeltzyn Institute for Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, RU-119899 Moscow, Russia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19880235']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184942183']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041192868', 'display_name': 'G. Burau', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. Burau', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083795314', 'display_name': 'J. Bleibel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Bleibel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060268505', 'display_name': 'Christian Fuchs', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-4579'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Fuchs', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080693452', 'display_name': 'Amand Faessler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I8087733', 'display_name': 'University of Tübingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a1kwz48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Amand Faessler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I8087733']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.485, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 14, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.708461, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 84, 'max': 85}, 'biblio': {'volume': '631', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '109', 'last_page': '117'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10527', 'display_name': 'Search for Quark-Gluon Plasma in Heavy-Ion Collisions', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10527', 'display_name': 'Search for Quark-Gluon Plasma in Heavy-Ion Collisions', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10048', 'display_name': 'Particle Physics and High-Energy Collider Experiments', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10224', 'display_name': 'Hadron Physics and QCD', 'score': 0.9891, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-flow', 'display_name': 'Elliptic flow', 'score': 0.94195503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rhic-experiments', 'display_name': 'RHIC Experiments', 'score': 0.518923}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80903900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5365798', 'display_name': 'Elliptic flow', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.94195503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.83317006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19694890', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101667', 'display_name': 'Hadron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7956834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200006409', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102742', 'display_name': 'Meson', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69817454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154153549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159731', 'display_name': 'Baryon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66710675}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38349280', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290', 'display_name': 'Flow (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60498095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109214941', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334', 'display_name': 'Particle physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.58266103}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53642863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157486923', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436', 'display_name': 'String (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43044683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2988362075', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12416032', 'display_name': 'Heavy ion', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.30429965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12595993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145148216', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496', 'display_name': 'Ion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.110758334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08377969}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.085', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0412343', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0412343', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0412343', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0412343', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0412343', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W1981882110'], 'referenced_works_count': 58, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1580154012', 'https://openalex.org/W1670946514', 'https://openalex.org/W171739904', 'https://openalex.org/W1756489871', 'https://openalex.org/W1822241872', 'https://openalex.org/W1985712914', 'https://openalex.org/W1987865922', 'https://openalex.org/W1991794826', 'https://openalex.org/W1995260165', 'https://openalex.org/W2003505637', 'https://openalex.org/W2008715652', 'https://openalex.org/W2010821789', 'https://openalex.org/W2011044187', 'https://openalex.org/W2012668095', 'https://openalex.org/W2016479768', 'https://openalex.org/W2018265820', 'https://openalex.org/W2019028559', 'https://openalex.org/W2023609273', 'https://openalex.org/W2028161064', 'https://openalex.org/W2040855404', 'https://openalex.org/W2042197103', 'https://openalex.org/W2045039745', 'https://openalex.org/W2053446970', 'https://openalex.org/W2057526576', 'https://openalex.org/W2061964942', 'https://openalex.org/W2064530144', 'https://openalex.org/W2064952168', 'https://openalex.org/W2073429853', 'https://openalex.org/W2085661277', 'https://openalex.org/W2085748378', 'https://openalex.org/W2090913851', 'https://openalex.org/W2104752846', 'https://openalex.org/W2116281198', 'https://openalex.org/W2116932444', 'https://openalex.org/W2121147984', 'https://openalex.org/W2124677047', 'https://openalex.org/W2129044350', 'https://openalex.org/W2129646769', 'https://openalex.org/W2134405074', 'https://openalex.org/W2135174380', 'https://openalex.org/W2135808207', 'https://openalex.org/W2140711491', 'https://openalex.org/W2149455700', 'https://openalex.org/W2171388300', 'https://openalex.org/W2201585115', 'https://openalex.org/W2213564476', 'https://openalex.org/W2248376691', 'https://openalex.org/W2311218305', 'https://openalex.org/W2510051548', 'https://openalex.org/W2595844444', 'https://openalex.org/W2597928929', 'https://openalex.org/W2949065227', 'https://openalex.org/W2953342167', 'https://openalex.org/W3089802947', 'https://openalex.org/W3102011854', 'https://openalex.org/W3121817332', 'https://openalex.org/W3123016301', 'https://openalex.org/W4212805314'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3205120087', 'https://openalex.org/W2124677047', 'https://openalex.org/W2068680257', 'https://openalex.org/W2036986012', 'https://openalex.org/W2020147830', 'https://openalex.org/W2014425288', 'https://openalex.org/W1992188904', 'https://openalex.org/W1985712914', 'https://openalex.org/W1969585097', 'https://openalex.org/W181529833'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Evolution': [0], 'of': [1, 5, 48, 85], 'the': [2, 16, 56, 60, 63, 65, 69, 82, 86, 91, 95, 100], 'elliptic': [3, 22, 72, 79], 'flow': [4, 23, 61, 80], 'hadrons': [6], 'in': [7, 39, 59, 103], 'heavy-ion': [8], 'collisions': [9], 'at': [10], 'RHIC': [11], 'energies': [12], 'is': [13, 24], 'studied': [14], 'within': [15], 'microscopic': [17], 'quark-gluon': [18], 'string': [19], 'model.': [20], 'The': [21], 'shown': [25], 'to': [26, 55, 98], 'have': [27], 'a': [28], 'multi-component': [29], 'structure': [30], 'caused': [31], 'by': [32], '(i)': [33], 'rescattering': [34], 'and': [35, 50], '(ii)': [36], 'absorption': [37], 'processes': [38, 53], 'spatially': [40], 'asymmetric': [41], 'medium.': [42], 'Together': [43], 'with': [44, 90], 'different': [45, 104], 'freeze-out': [46], 'dynamics': [47], 'mesons': [49, 66], 'baryons,': [51], 'these': [52], 'lead': [54], 'following': [57], 'trend': [58], 'formation:': [62], 'later': [64], 'are': [67], 'frozen,': [68], 'weaker': [70], 'their': [71], 'flow,': [73], 'whereas': [74], 'baryon': [75], 'fraction': [76], 'develops': [77], 'stronger': [78], 'during': [81], 'late': [83], 'stages': [84], 'fireball': [87], 'evolution.': [88], 'Comparison': [89], 'PHOBOS': [92], 'data': [93], 'demonstrates': [94], 'model': [96], 'ability': [97], 'reproduce': [99], 'v2(eta)': [101], 'signal': [102], 'centrality': [105], 'bins.': [106]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981882110', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T15:00:12.389525', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}